Stem cell therapy is a promising approach to clinical healing in several diseases. A great variety of tissues(bone marrow, adipose tissue, and placenta) arepotentially sources of stem cells. Placenta-derived stem cell...Stem cell therapy is a promising approach to clinical healing in several diseases. A great variety of tissues(bone marrow, adipose tissue, and placenta) arepotentially sources of stem cells. Placenta-derived stem cells(p-SCs) are in between embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells, sharing characteristics with both, such as non-carcinogenic status and property to differentiate in all embryonic germ layers. Moreover, their use is not ethically restricted as fetal membranes are considered medical waste after birth. In this context, the present review will be focused on the biological properties, culture and potential cell therapy uses of placental-derived stem cells. Immunophenotype characterization, mainly for surface marker expression, and basic principles of p-SC isolation and culture(mechanical separation or enzymatic digestion of the tissues, the most used culture media, cell plating conditions) will be presented. In addition, some preclinical studies that were performed in different medical areas will be cited, focusing on neurological, liver, pancreatic, heart, muscle, pulmonary, and bone diseases and also in tissue engineering field. Finally, some challenges for stem cell therapy applications will be highlighted. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in the p-SCs differentiation and the achievement of pure cell populations(after differentiation) are key points that must be clarified before bringing the preclinical studies, performed at the bench, to the medical practice.展开更多
Maternal immunity is the main early defense against infectious agents in newborns. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is indispensable for immune defense against infectious agents. IgG is transported through either the colostrum ...Maternal immunity is the main early defense against infectious agents in newborns. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is indispensable for immune defense against infectious agents. IgG is transported through either the colostrum or the placenta. Immunoglobulins are antibodies, and the five different classes of these antibodies are IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE. Through their biological function of binding antigens, antibodies facilitate the removal of antigens from the body. The placenta is a temporary maternal-fetal organ, whose principal function is to allow the controlled exchange of metabolites between mother and embryo/fetus during gestation. The placenta types in different species are classified by the number of membranes separating the maternal and fetal blood circulation. Humans, lagomorphs and rodents have hemochorial placentas, which require a receptor for IgG transfer. In other animals, such as horse and pig (epitheliochorial placenta), ruminants (synepitheliochorial placenta) and carnivores (endotheliochorial placenta), antibodies are transferred via the colostrum and absorbed by passive diffusion. This review covers immunoglobulin transport in several types of placentas.展开更多
Human placental tissues from the first and second trimesters of gestation have been investigated using riboprobe in situ hybridisation of mRNA sequences coding for membrane type metalloproteinase (MT-1-MMP) and tissue...Human placental tissues from the first and second trimesters of gestation have been investigated using riboprobe in situ hybridisation of mRNA sequences coding for membrane type metalloproteinase (MT-1-MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). Results show that (i) both mRNAs express at a relatively high level in the chorion laeve trophoblast cells and the adjacent decidual cells of fetal membrane; (ii) the most abundant expression of the two mRNAs was found in the extravillous trophoblast between Rohrs and Nitabuch striae of basal plate, trophoblast shell and gland cells of the decidua; (iii) isolated or small groups of cytotrophoblast cells in the chorionic villi and in the cells lining arterioles in decidua and stem villi also expressed both MT-1-MMP and TIMP-1 at defferent extents. The data suggest that the coordinated expression of the MT-MMP and its inhibitor TIMP in defferent cells of the placental tissue may play an essential role in trophoblast invasion and angiogenesis展开更多
Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns and children under 5 years-of-age.In order to improve the survival rate and quality of preterm infants,there is critical need to identify the s...Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns and children under 5 years-of-age.In order to improve the survival rate and quality of preterm infants,there is critical need to identify the specific mechanisms underlying the initiation of labor.Pregnancy represents a period of constant interactive dialog between mother and fetus.A disturbance in the pattern of maternal-fetal communication can induce physiological or pathological labor.Although a number of studies have investigated the contributions of maternal factors to the initiation of labor,the concept that fetal organ development and maternal adaptation are coordinated has emerged over recent years,thus emphasizing that factors of fetal origin may serve as hormonal signals for the initiation of labor.In this review,we summarize and discuss several specific mechanisms by which factors of fetal origin may influence parturition during term or preterm labor,including the specific regulation of fetal organs,including the lungs and accessory organs during pregnancy.Future research may focus on the specific pathways by which signals from the fetal lungs and other fetal organs interact with the maternal system to initiate eventual labor.展开更多
基金Supported by Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvmento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)Fundacao de AmparoàPesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais(FAPEMIG)
文摘Stem cell therapy is a promising approach to clinical healing in several diseases. A great variety of tissues(bone marrow, adipose tissue, and placenta) arepotentially sources of stem cells. Placenta-derived stem cells(p-SCs) are in between embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells, sharing characteristics with both, such as non-carcinogenic status and property to differentiate in all embryonic germ layers. Moreover, their use is not ethically restricted as fetal membranes are considered medical waste after birth. In this context, the present review will be focused on the biological properties, culture and potential cell therapy uses of placental-derived stem cells. Immunophenotype characterization, mainly for surface marker expression, and basic principles of p-SC isolation and culture(mechanical separation or enzymatic digestion of the tissues, the most used culture media, cell plating conditions) will be presented. In addition, some preclinical studies that were performed in different medical areas will be cited, focusing on neurological, liver, pancreatic, heart, muscle, pulmonary, and bone diseases and also in tissue engineering field. Finally, some challenges for stem cell therapy applications will be highlighted. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in the p-SCs differentiation and the achievement of pure cell populations(after differentiation) are key points that must be clarified before bringing the preclinical studies, performed at the bench, to the medical practice.
文摘Maternal immunity is the main early defense against infectious agents in newborns. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is indispensable for immune defense against infectious agents. IgG is transported through either the colostrum or the placenta. Immunoglobulins are antibodies, and the five different classes of these antibodies are IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD and IgE. Through their biological function of binding antigens, antibodies facilitate the removal of antigens from the body. The placenta is a temporary maternal-fetal organ, whose principal function is to allow the controlled exchange of metabolites between mother and embryo/fetus during gestation. The placenta types in different species are classified by the number of membranes separating the maternal and fetal blood circulation. Humans, lagomorphs and rodents have hemochorial placentas, which require a receptor for IgG transfer. In other animals, such as horse and pig (epitheliochorial placenta), ruminants (synepitheliochorial placenta) and carnivores (endotheliochorial placenta), antibodies are transferred via the colostrum and absorbed by passive diffusion. This review covers immunoglobulin transport in several types of placentas.
文摘Human placental tissues from the first and second trimesters of gestation have been investigated using riboprobe in situ hybridisation of mRNA sequences coding for membrane type metalloproteinase (MT-1-MMP) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). Results show that (i) both mRNAs express at a relatively high level in the chorion laeve trophoblast cells and the adjacent decidual cells of fetal membrane; (ii) the most abundant expression of the two mRNAs was found in the extravillous trophoblast between Rohrs and Nitabuch striae of basal plate, trophoblast shell and gland cells of the decidua; (iii) isolated or small groups of cytotrophoblast cells in the chorionic villi and in the cells lining arterioles in decidua and stem villi also expressed both MT-1-MMP and TIMP-1 at defferent extents. The data suggest that the coordinated expression of the MT-MMP and its inhibitor TIMP in defferent cells of the placental tissue may play an essential role in trophoblast invasion and angiogenesis
基金Research in the Gao's laboratory is supported by National Key Research and Development Project 2022YFC2704602 and 2022YFC2704502National Natural Science Foundation of China 82120108011+1 种基金Major Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission’s Scientific Research and Innovation Plan 2021-01-07-00-07-E00144Strategic Collaborative Research Program of the Ferring Institute of Reproductive Medicine FIRMA200502.
文摘Preterm birth is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in newborns and children under 5 years-of-age.In order to improve the survival rate and quality of preterm infants,there is critical need to identify the specific mechanisms underlying the initiation of labor.Pregnancy represents a period of constant interactive dialog between mother and fetus.A disturbance in the pattern of maternal-fetal communication can induce physiological or pathological labor.Although a number of studies have investigated the contributions of maternal factors to the initiation of labor,the concept that fetal organ development and maternal adaptation are coordinated has emerged over recent years,thus emphasizing that factors of fetal origin may serve as hormonal signals for the initiation of labor.In this review,we summarize and discuss several specific mechanisms by which factors of fetal origin may influence parturition during term or preterm labor,including the specific regulation of fetal organs,including the lungs and accessory organs during pregnancy.Future research may focus on the specific pathways by which signals from the fetal lungs and other fetal organs interact with the maternal system to initiate eventual labor.
