The presence of Hg in the aqueous media is known to cause severe health issues in both humans and animals.Many technologies and especially adsorbents have been applied for its removal. In this study, a graphene oxide...The presence of Hg in the aqueous media is known to cause severe health issues in both humans and animals.Many technologies and especially adsorbents have been applied for its removal. In this study, a graphene oxide–carbon composite(GO–CC) as a new adsorbent was prepared by sol gel procedure and characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, BET and EDX. The effects of different variables including solution p H, contact time, adsorbent dose and GO ratio in adsorbent matrix on the removal capacity of Hg were studied. The isotherm data correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm model. Further analysis recommended that the Hg^(2+) adsorption process is governed by the intra-particle and external mass transfer, in which the film diffusion was the rate restrictive step. The presented composite has maximum absorption capacity, q_(max) of 68.8 mg·g^(-1), which is comparable with carbon based adsorbent reported in the previous publications.展开更多
A new composite adsorbent, nano-Fe3O4/bacterial cellulose（BC）, was prepared through blending method. The process of adsorbing Cd2＋ including its isotherm and kinetics measured was studied. The results show that the...A new composite adsorbent, nano-Fe3O4/bacterial cellulose（BC）, was prepared through blending method. The process of adsorbing Cd2＋ including its isotherm and kinetics measured was studied. The results show that the adsorption efficiency is improved because of huge surface area and surface coordination of nano-Fe3O4 particles. Its adsorption capacity is 27.97 mg/g and the maximum of Cd2＋ removal is 74%. The adsorption kinetics can be described by pseudo-second rate model and the adsorption equilibrium by Langmuir type. The superparamagnetism of nano-Fe3O4 particles can help to solve the difficult separation of single BC adsorbent and lead to the quick separation of composite adsorbent from the liquid if a magnetic field was applied. Cd2＋ can be desorbed effectively by EDTA and HCl from the composite adsorbent, which can make it be reused.展开更多
Thermal conductivity is one of key parameters of adsorbents, which will affect the overall system performance of adsorption chiller. To improve adsorbent＇s thermal conductivity is always one of research focuses in ch...Thermal conductivity is one of key parameters of adsorbents, which will affect the overall system performance of adsorption chiller. To improve adsorbent＇s thermal conductivity is always one of research focuses in chemisorption field. A new chemical composite adsorbent is fabricated by adding carbon coated metal（Aluminum and Nickel） nanoparticles with three different addition amounts into the mixture of chloride salts and natural expanded graphite aiming to improve the thermal conductivity. The preparation processes and its thermal conductivity of this novel composite adsorbent are reported and summarized. Experimental results indicate that the nanoparticles are homogenously dispersed in the composite adsorbent by applying the reported preparation processes. The thermal conductivity of the composite adsorbent can averagely enlarge by 20% when the weight ratio of the added nanoparticles is 10 wt%. Moreover, carbon coated aluminum nanoparticles exhibit more effective enlargement in thermal conductivity than nickel nanoparticles. As for the composite adsorbent of CaCl2-NEG, there is a big reinforcement from 30% to 50% for Al@C nanoparticles, however only 10% in maximum caused by Ni@C nanoparticles. The proposed research provides a methodology to design and prepare thermal conductive chemical composite adsorbent.展开更多
This work reports the adsorption of strontium from aqueous solutions onto PAN/zeolite composite. The strontium adsorption on the composite adsorbent was studied as a function of initial strontium concentration, pH of ...This work reports the adsorption of strontium from aqueous solutions onto PAN/zeolite composite. The strontium adsorption on the composite adsorbent was studied as a function of initial strontium concentration, pH of the solution, contact time and temperature. Adsorption isotherms like Langmuir, Freundlich,Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) and Temkin were used to analyze the equilibrium data at the different concentrations.Adsorption process well fitted to Temkin isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters such as the changes in enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs’ free energy were determined, showing adsorption to be an exothermic and spontaneous process.展开更多
As a kind of rare metals,rubidium is often used to prepare special glass,photomultiplier tubes,thermoelectric converter,organic catalysts and antidepressants.Rubidium forms no minerals of its own,hence,it often coexis...As a kind of rare metals,rubidium is often used to prepare special glass,photomultiplier tubes,thermoelectric converter,organic catalysts and antidepressants.Rubidium forms no minerals of its own,hence,it often coexists with展开更多
The protein-bound uremic toxins,represented by indoxyl sulfate(IS),have been associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease and the development of cardiovascular disease in the presence of impaired renal fu...The protein-bound uremic toxins,represented by indoxyl sulfate(IS),have been associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease and the development of cardiovascular disease in the presence of impaired renal function.Herein,we proposed a novel strategy of thin-film nanofibrous composite(TNFC)dialysis membrane combined with reduced graphene oxide(rGO)aerogel adsorbents for clinical removal of IS as well as high retention of proteins.The TFNC membrane was prepared by electrospinning in conjunction with coating-reaction method and proved to have good selectivity and permeability.To further improve the removal rate of toxins,we used a medium hydrothermal method following by freeze-drying treatment to obtain the r GO aerogel adsorbents.It exhibited excellent adsorption for IS with a maximum adsorption capacity of 69.40 mg·g^(-1)throughπ-πinteraction and hydrogen bonding interaction based on Langmuir isotherm models.Time-dependent absorption experiments showed that it reached adsorption equilibrium within 4 h,which was matched with the hemodialysis time.The coordination was significantly exhibited by introducing r GO aerogel blocks into the dialysate for absorbing the diffused free IS during hemodialysis.Taking the advantages of the TFNC dialysis membrane and the rGO aerogel,the volume of dialysate for hemodialysis was only one-tenth of that without adsorbent blocks but with very comparable dialysis performance(the clearance of IS at 51.8%and the retention of HSA over 98%),which could lighten conventional hemodialysis effectively and be benefit to realize the miniaturization of the hemodialysis equipment.Therefore,the coordination of the TFNC dialysis membrane and rGO aerogel adsorbents would open a new path for the development of portable artificial kidney.展开更多
A novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite material was synthesized by heating sublimed sulfur and high surface area activated carbon （HSAAC） under certain conditions. The physical and chemical per- formances of the novel...A novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite material was synthesized by heating sublimed sulfur and high surface area activated carbon （HSAAC） under certain conditions. The physical and chemical per- formances of the novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The electrochemical performances of nano-composite were characterized by charge-discharge characteristic, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy （EIS）. The experimental results indicate that the electrochemical capability of nano- composite material was superior to that of traditional S-containing composite material. The cathode made by carbon-sulfur nano-composite material shows a good cycle ability and a high specific charge-discharge capacity. The HSAAC shows a vital role in adsorbing sublimed sulfur and the polysulfides within the cathode and is an excellent electric conductor for a sulfur cathode and prevents the shuttle behavior of the lithium-sulfur battery.展开更多
A novel ferrite composite using rice husk as substrate has been prepared via high temperature treatment under nitrogen atmosphere.The rice husk substrate consists of porous activated carbon and silica,where spinel fer...A novel ferrite composite using rice husk as substrate has been prepared via high temperature treatment under nitrogen atmosphere.The rice husk substrate consists of porous activated carbon and silica,where spinel ferrite particles with average diameter of 59 nm are distributed.The surface area of the composite is greater than 170 m^2 g^(-1) and the bulk density is less than 0.6 g cm^(-3).Inert atmosphere is indispensable for the synthesis of pure ferrite composites,while different preparation temperatures ...展开更多
In this work,the snail shell/hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite was prepared as adsorbent.The adsorption potential of the composite was studied for simultaneous sorption behavior of Zn(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ)ions in a batch syst...In this work,the snail shell/hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite was prepared as adsorbent.The adsorption potential of the composite was studied for simultaneous sorption behavior of Zn(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ)ions in a batch system.Chitosan and hydroxyapatite(HAP)were extracted from shrimp shell and bone ash,respectively,so this is a low cost natural composite.To prepare the composite,chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid,then HAP and snail shell powders were added to the chitosan solution.The morphology and characterization of the composite was studied by SEM and EDX analysis.Atomic adsorption was used to measure the amount of the ions.Experimental parameters were optimized with Design Expert Software and five parameters such as the concentration of ions,pH,adsorbent amount and contact time were studied at room temperature.Optimized value for the parameters of Zn(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ)concentrations,pH,adsorbent dose,and contact time were 3.01 mg·L^(-1),5.5,0.02 g and 95 min,respectively.The adsorption isotherms for Zn(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ)showed Langmuir and Tempkin,respectively.Kinetic and equilibrium studies showed the experimental data of Zn(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ)ions were best described by the pseudo-second-order model.Studies on thermodynamic show the adsorption process were physical and spontaneous.展开更多
The rising production of produced water from oilfields had been proven to bring detrimental environmental effects.In this study,an efficient,recyclable,and environmental-friendly reduced graphene oxide immobilizedκ-C...The rising production of produced water from oilfields had been proven to bring detrimental environmental effects.In this study,an efficient,recyclable,and environmental-friendly reduced graphene oxide immobilizedκ-Carrageenan hydrogel composite(κCaGO)was fabricated as an alternative sorbent for crude oil-in-water demulsification.Polyethyleneimine(PEI)was employed to form a stable hydrogel composite.The conditions for the immobilization of graphene oxide(GO)on PEI-modifiedκ-Carrageenan(κC)beads were optimized appropriately.An immobilization yield of 77%was attained at 2%PEI,2 h immobilization activation time,and pH 6.5.Moreover,the synthesizedκCaGO is capable of demulsification with an average demulsification efficiency of 70%.It was found that the demulsification efficiency increases with salinity andκCaGO dosage,and it deteriorates under alkaline condition.These phenomena can be attributed to the interfacial interactions betweenκCaGO and the emulsion.Furthermore,theκCaGO can be recycled to use for up to six cycles without significant leaching and degradation.As such,the synthesizedκCaGO could be further developed as a potential sorbent substitute for the separation of crude oil from produced water.展开更多
A recyclable copper removal adsorbent was developed from diatomite and alu- minum sludge composite materials. The. effects of different formulas on the adsorption of Cu2~ under different conditions were discussed. The...A recyclable copper removal adsorbent was developed from diatomite and alu- minum sludge composite materials. The. effects of different formulas on the adsorption of Cu2~ under different conditions were discussed. The properties and rnicrostructures of the samples were characterized. The results showed that the optimum pH value, contacting time and raw materials proportion for copper removal are 6, 90 min and 40：60 （sludge： diatomite）, respectively, The copper removal capacity could reach 0.46 mg/g at the initial copper concentration of 5 mg/L. There was no change in the composition of crystal phase before and after copper removal, so physical adsorption was dominant during the adsorption process.展开更多
In this research,polyamide modified baghouse dust nanocomposite(PMBHD)was synthesized from steel industry waste using the interfacial polymerization technique.Adsorption capacities of the PMBHD were examined for the u...In this research,polyamide modified baghouse dust nanocomposite(PMBHD)was synthesized from steel industry waste using the interfacial polymerization technique.Adsorption capacities of the PMBHD were examined for the uptake of cadmium Cd(Ⅱ),lead Pb(Ⅱ),and methylene blue MB from simulated solutions.The effects of different operational factors of the adsorption,including contact time,pH,adsorbent dosage,initial concentration,and temperature,were investigated.The obtained results revealed that the equilibrium data of MB,Pb(Ⅱ),and Cd(Ⅱ)were best fitted to Dubinin-Radushkevich,Langmuir,and Freundlich isotherm.Maximum removal uptake was found to be 6.08,119,and 234 mg·g^(-1),whereas maximum removal efficiencies of 90%,99.8%,and 98%were achieved for MB,Pb(Ⅱ),and Cd(Ⅱ).Adsorption kinetics of MB and metals well-fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic.The characterization results showed the presence of polymeric chain on the surface of the PMBHD.The thermodynamic study revealed that the values of the free energy DG for Pb(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)were found to be negative,which indicates spontaneous,energetic,and favorable adsorption.While for MB removal,positive values of(DG)were noticed,which implies that the adsorption was unfavorable.The proposed mechanism for the adsorption of MB and metals on the PMBHD showed that the dominating mechanism is physisorption.The adsorption/desorption results verified the high reusability of the PMBHD for adsorption of MB and metals.展开更多
文摘The presence of Hg in the aqueous media is known to cause severe health issues in both humans and animals.Many technologies and especially adsorbents have been applied for its removal. In this study, a graphene oxide–carbon composite(GO–CC) as a new adsorbent was prepared by sol gel procedure and characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, BET and EDX. The effects of different variables including solution p H, contact time, adsorbent dose and GO ratio in adsorbent matrix on the removal capacity of Hg were studied. The isotherm data correlated well with the Langmuir isotherm model. Further analysis recommended that the Hg^(2+) adsorption process is governed by the intra-particle and external mass transfer, in which the film diffusion was the rate restrictive step. The presented composite has maximum absorption capacity, q_(max) of 68.8 mg·g^(-1), which is comparable with carbon based adsorbent reported in the previous publications.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50174014)
文摘A new composite adsorbent, nano-Fe3O4/bacterial cellulose（BC）, was prepared through blending method. The process of adsorbing Cd2＋ including its isotherm and kinetics measured was studied. The results show that the adsorption efficiency is improved because of huge surface area and surface coordination of nano-Fe3O4 particles. Its adsorption capacity is 27.97 mg/g and the maximum of Cd2＋ removal is 74%. The adsorption kinetics can be described by pseudo-second rate model and the adsorption equilibrium by Langmuir type. The superparamagnetism of nano-Fe3O4 particles can help to solve the difficult separation of single BC adsorbent and lead to the quick separation of composite adsorbent from the liquid if a magnetic field was applied. Cd2＋ can be desorbed effectively by EDTA and HCl from the composite adsorbent, which can make it be reused.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51276044)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China(Grant Nos.2015A050502047,2015B010135011)+3 种基金Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou City,China(Grant Nos.201508030018,2016201604030040)Youth Foundation of Guangdong University of Technology,China(Grant No.252151038)EPSRC Grants(Grant Nos.EP/I027904/1,EP/K004689/1,EP/M008088/1)IChemE Global Awards 2015:MCSA for FP&VA
文摘Thermal conductivity is one of key parameters of adsorbents, which will affect the overall system performance of adsorption chiller. To improve adsorbent＇s thermal conductivity is always one of research focuses in chemisorption field. A new chemical composite adsorbent is fabricated by adding carbon coated metal（Aluminum and Nickel） nanoparticles with three different addition amounts into the mixture of chloride salts and natural expanded graphite aiming to improve the thermal conductivity. The preparation processes and its thermal conductivity of this novel composite adsorbent are reported and summarized. Experimental results indicate that the nanoparticles are homogenously dispersed in the composite adsorbent by applying the reported preparation processes. The thermal conductivity of the composite adsorbent can averagely enlarge by 20% when the weight ratio of the added nanoparticles is 10 wt%. Moreover, carbon coated aluminum nanoparticles exhibit more effective enlargement in thermal conductivity than nickel nanoparticles. As for the composite adsorbent of CaCl2-NEG, there is a big reinforcement from 30% to 50% for Al@C nanoparticles, however only 10% in maximum caused by Ni@C nanoparticles. The proposed research provides a methodology to design and prepare thermal conductive chemical composite adsorbent.
文摘This work reports the adsorption of strontium from aqueous solutions onto PAN/zeolite composite. The strontium adsorption on the composite adsorbent was studied as a function of initial strontium concentration, pH of the solution, contact time and temperature. Adsorption isotherms like Langmuir, Freundlich,Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) and Temkin were used to analyze the equilibrium data at the different concentrations.Adsorption process well fitted to Temkin isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters such as the changes in enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs’ free energy were determined, showing adsorption to be an exothermic and spontaneous process.
基金financially supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (2012AA061704)
文摘As a kind of rare metals,rubidium is often used to prepare special glass,photomultiplier tubes,thermoelectric converter,organic catalysts and antidepressants.Rubidium forms no minerals of its own,hence,it often coexists with
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232020A-04)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai City(19ZR1401300)。
文摘The protein-bound uremic toxins,represented by indoxyl sulfate(IS),have been associated with the progression of chronic kidney disease and the development of cardiovascular disease in the presence of impaired renal function.Herein,we proposed a novel strategy of thin-film nanofibrous composite(TNFC)dialysis membrane combined with reduced graphene oxide(rGO)aerogel adsorbents for clinical removal of IS as well as high retention of proteins.The TFNC membrane was prepared by electrospinning in conjunction with coating-reaction method and proved to have good selectivity and permeability.To further improve the removal rate of toxins,we used a medium hydrothermal method following by freeze-drying treatment to obtain the r GO aerogel adsorbents.It exhibited excellent adsorption for IS with a maximum adsorption capacity of 69.40 mg·g^(-1)throughπ-πinteraction and hydrogen bonding interaction based on Langmuir isotherm models.Time-dependent absorption experiments showed that it reached adsorption equilibrium within 4 h,which was matched with the hemodialysis time.The coordination was significantly exhibited by introducing r GO aerogel blocks into the dialysate for absorbing the diffused free IS during hemodialysis.Taking the advantages of the TFNC dialysis membrane and the rGO aerogel,the volume of dialysate for hemodialysis was only one-tenth of that without adsorbent blocks but with very comparable dialysis performance(the clearance of IS at 51.8%and the retention of HSA over 98%),which could lighten conventional hemodialysis effectively and be benefit to realize the miniaturization of the hemodialysis equipment.Therefore,the coordination of the TFNC dialysis membrane and rGO aerogel adsorbents would open a new path for the development of portable artificial kidney.
基金the Science and Technique Key Foundation of Guangdong Province(No.2003A1100101,2003C105006)
文摘A novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite material was synthesized by heating sublimed sulfur and high surface area activated carbon （HSAAC） under certain conditions. The physical and chemical per- formances of the novel carbon-sulfur nano-composite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller （BET） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The electrochemical performances of nano-composite were characterized by charge-discharge characteristic, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy （EIS）. The experimental results indicate that the electrochemical capability of nano- composite material was superior to that of traditional S-containing composite material. The cathode made by carbon-sulfur nano-composite material shows a good cycle ability and a high specific charge-discharge capacity. The HSAAC shows a vital role in adsorbing sublimed sulfur and the polysulfides within the cathode and is an excellent electric conductor for a sulfur cathode and prevents the shuttle behavior of the lithium-sulfur battery.
基金supported by National High Technology Research and Development(863) Program of China(No.2007AA06Z128).
文摘A novel ferrite composite using rice husk as substrate has been prepared via high temperature treatment under nitrogen atmosphere.The rice husk substrate consists of porous activated carbon and silica,where spinel ferrite particles with average diameter of 59 nm are distributed.The surface area of the composite is greater than 170 m^2 g^(-1) and the bulk density is less than 0.6 g cm^(-3).Inert atmosphere is indispensable for the synthesis of pure ferrite composites,while different preparation temperatures ...
文摘In this work,the snail shell/hydroxyapatite/chitosan composite was prepared as adsorbent.The adsorption potential of the composite was studied for simultaneous sorption behavior of Zn(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ)ions in a batch system.Chitosan and hydroxyapatite(HAP)were extracted from shrimp shell and bone ash,respectively,so this is a low cost natural composite.To prepare the composite,chitosan was dissolved in acetic acid,then HAP and snail shell powders were added to the chitosan solution.The morphology and characterization of the composite was studied by SEM and EDX analysis.Atomic adsorption was used to measure the amount of the ions.Experimental parameters were optimized with Design Expert Software and five parameters such as the concentration of ions,pH,adsorbent amount and contact time were studied at room temperature.Optimized value for the parameters of Zn(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ)concentrations,pH,adsorbent dose,and contact time were 3.01 mg·L^(-1),5.5,0.02 g and 95 min,respectively.The adsorption isotherms for Zn(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ)showed Langmuir and Tempkin,respectively.Kinetic and equilibrium studies showed the experimental data of Zn(Ⅱ)and Cu(Ⅱ)ions were best described by the pseudo-second-order model.Studies on thermodynamic show the adsorption process were physical and spontaneous.
基金The authors would like to acknowledge for the financial supports given by Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS/1/2019/TK02/CURTIN/03/2) from Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE),Malaysia.
文摘The rising production of produced water from oilfields had been proven to bring detrimental environmental effects.In this study,an efficient,recyclable,and environmental-friendly reduced graphene oxide immobilizedκ-Carrageenan hydrogel composite(κCaGO)was fabricated as an alternative sorbent for crude oil-in-water demulsification.Polyethyleneimine(PEI)was employed to form a stable hydrogel composite.The conditions for the immobilization of graphene oxide(GO)on PEI-modifiedκ-Carrageenan(κC)beads were optimized appropriately.An immobilization yield of 77%was attained at 2%PEI,2 h immobilization activation time,and pH 6.5.Moreover,the synthesizedκCaGO is capable of demulsification with an average demulsification efficiency of 70%.It was found that the demulsification efficiency increases with salinity andκCaGO dosage,and it deteriorates under alkaline condition.These phenomena can be attributed to the interfacial interactions betweenκCaGO and the emulsion.Furthermore,theκCaGO can be recycled to use for up to six cycles without significant leaching and degradation.As such,the synthesizedκCaGO could be further developed as a potential sorbent substitute for the separation of crude oil from produced water.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51102047)Fujian Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Youth Scholars (2012J06011)National Undergraduate Practice Innovation Plan (121038632)
文摘A recyclable copper removal adsorbent was developed from diatomite and alu- minum sludge composite materials. The. effects of different formulas on the adsorption of Cu2~ under different conditions were discussed. The properties and rnicrostructures of the samples were characterized. The results showed that the optimum pH value, contacting time and raw materials proportion for copper removal are 6, 90 min and 40：60 （sludge： diatomite）, respectively, The copper removal capacity could reach 0.46 mg/g at the initial copper concentration of 5 mg/L. There was no change in the composition of crystal phase before and after copper removal, so physical adsorption was dominant during the adsorption process.
文摘In this research,polyamide modified baghouse dust nanocomposite(PMBHD)was synthesized from steel industry waste using the interfacial polymerization technique.Adsorption capacities of the PMBHD were examined for the uptake of cadmium Cd(Ⅱ),lead Pb(Ⅱ),and methylene blue MB from simulated solutions.The effects of different operational factors of the adsorption,including contact time,pH,adsorbent dosage,initial concentration,and temperature,were investigated.The obtained results revealed that the equilibrium data of MB,Pb(Ⅱ),and Cd(Ⅱ)were best fitted to Dubinin-Radushkevich,Langmuir,and Freundlich isotherm.Maximum removal uptake was found to be 6.08,119,and 234 mg·g^(-1),whereas maximum removal efficiencies of 90%,99.8%,and 98%were achieved for MB,Pb(Ⅱ),and Cd(Ⅱ).Adsorption kinetics of MB and metals well-fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic.The characterization results showed the presence of polymeric chain on the surface of the PMBHD.The thermodynamic study revealed that the values of the free energy DG for Pb(Ⅱ)and Cd(Ⅱ)were found to be negative,which indicates spontaneous,energetic,and favorable adsorption.While for MB removal,positive values of(DG)were noticed,which implies that the adsorption was unfavorable.The proposed mechanism for the adsorption of MB and metals on the PMBHD showed that the dominating mechanism is physisorption.The adsorption/desorption results verified the high reusability of the PMBHD for adsorption of MB and metals.
