Isolated Lumbar Extension Resistance Training Is Effective at Improving Extension Power and Disability in Subjects with Diagnosed Lumbar Multifidus Dysfunction

Background: Lumbar multifidus dysfunction is a prevalent cause of disability in individuals with lower back pain. Previous research highlights the benefits of isolated lumbar extension training for non-specific lower back pain, however, studies examining its efficacy in lumbar multifidus dysfunction are lacking. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of isolated lumbar extension resistance training on disability and strength in individuals with lumbar multifidus dysfunction. Methods: Subjects underwent a physiotherapy led structured rehabilitation program incorporating isolated lumbar extension. Sessions were conducted twice weekly targeting momentary muscular failure with time under load 90 - 120 seconds and progressions aimed at 5 - 10 lbs increments. Outcomes were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index and lumbar extension strength testing at baseline and after 12 weeks, with statistical analysis using t-test and chi-squared 2 × 2. Results: Forty-five subjects (24 male, 21 female) with a median age of 48 completed the intervention. Improvements were noted in Oswestry Disability Index scores (median pre: 24, post: 15) and maximal lumbar extension strength (median pre: 122 lb, post: 186 lb), with p ≤ 0.05. Overall, 89% showed improvement in disability scores, 67% moved to a better disability category, and 51% saw at least a 50% increase in strength. No significant gender differences were observed. Conclusions: Isolated lumbar extension resistance training is effective at improving extension power and disability in subjects with lumbar multifidus dysfunction.

Effectiveness of progressive resistance training in improving muscle strength in myasthenia gravis:a single subject study design

Background:To investigate the effectiveness of the progressive resistance training(PRT)using thera band in improving muscle strength in myasthenia gravis(MG).Methods:In this prospective study,12 MG patients with generalised stable disease performed progressive resistance training with thera band for four times per week for 24 weeks.The isometric muscle force of shoulder abductors,biceps brachii and knee extensors using handheld dynamometer,Myasthenia Gravis Composite(MGC)score,Quantitative myasthenia gravis score(QMG),were assessed before and after the training period.Results:Progressive resistance training was well tolerated,and the isometric muscle strength was significantly improved in shoulder abductors,biceps brachii and knee extensors(P<0.05).The disease course(QMG and MGC)was slowed down and improved(P<0.05).Conclusion:Progressive resistance training is effective in improving muscle strength specifically in most affected muscles in MG.

Feasibility of progressive strength training shortly after hip fracture surgery

AIM: To investigate the feasibility of a 6-wk progressive strength-training programme commenced shortly after hip fracture surgery in community-dwelling patients.METHODS: This prospective, single-blinded cohort study evaluated 31 community-dwelling patients from four outpatient geriatric health centres aged 60 years or older, who started a 6-wk programme at a mean of 17.5 ± 5.7 d after hip fracture surgery. The intervention consisted primarily of progressive fractured kneeextension and bilateral leg press strength training(twice weekly), with relative loads commencing at 15 and increasing to 10 repetitions maximum(RM), with three sets in each session. The main measurements included progression in weight loads, hip fracture-related pain during training, maximal isometric knee-extension strength, new mobility score, the timed up and go test, the 6-min walk test and the 10-meter fast speed walk test, assessed before and after the programme.RESULTS: Weight loads in kilograms in the fractured limb knee-extension strength training increased from 3.3 ± 1.5 to 5.7 ± 1.7 and from 6.8 ± 2.4 to 7.7 ± 2.6, respectively, in the first and last 2 wk(P < 0.001). Correspondingly, the weight loads increased from 50.3 ± 1.9 to 90.8 ± 40 kg and from 108.9 ± 47.7 to 121.9 ± 54 kg in the bilateral leg press exercise(P < 0.001). Hip fracture-related pain was reduced, and large improvements were observed in the functional outcome measurements, e.g., the 6-min walk test improved from 200.6 ± 79.5 to 322.8 ± 68.5 m(P < 0.001). The fractured limb knee-extension strength deficit was reduced from 40% to 17%, compared with the non-fractured limb. Ten patients reported knee pain as a minor restricting factor during the last 10 RM knee-extension strength-training sessions, but with no significant influences on performance. CONCLUSION: Progressive strength training, initiated shortly after hip fracture surgery, seems feasible and does not increase hip fracture-related pain. Progressive strength training resulted in improvement, although a strength deficit of 17% persisted in the fractured limb compared with the non-fractured limb.

Spinal and supraspinal control of motor function during maximal eccentric muscle contraction:Effects of resistance training

Neuromuscular activity is suppressed during maximal eccentric(ECC)muscle contraction in untrained subjects owing to attenuated levels of central activation and reduced spinal motor neuron(MN)excitability indicated by reduced electromyography signal amplitude,diminished evoked H-reflex responses,increased autogenic MN inhibition,and decreased excitability in descending corticospinal motor pathways.Maximum ECC muscle force recorded during maximal voluntary contraction can be increased by superimposed electrical muscle stimulation only in untrained individuals and not in trained strength athletes,indicating that the suppression in MN activation is modifiable by resistance training.In support of this notion,maximum ECC muscle strength can be increased by use of heavy-load resistance training owing to a removed or diminished suppression in neuromuscular activity.Prolonged(weeks to months)of heavy-load resistance training results in increased H-reflex and V-wave responses during maximal ECC muscle actions along with marked gains in maximal ECC muscle strength,indicating increased excitability of spinal MNs,decreased presynaptic and/or postsynaptic MN inhibition,and elevated descending motor drive.Notably,the use of supramaximal ECC resistance training can lead to selectively elevated V-wave responses during maximal ECC contraction,demonstrating that adaptive changes in spinal circuitry function and/or gains in descending motor drive can be achieved during maximal ECC contraction in response to heavy-load resistance training.

Muscle capacity and physical function in older women:What are the impacts of resistance training?

The number of older adults （individuals ≥65 years）, particularly women, in our society is increasing and understanding the impact of exercise on muscle capacity （e.g., strength and power） and subsequently physical function is of utmost importance to prevent disability and maintain independence. Muscle capacity declines with age and this change negatively impacts physical function in older women. Exercise, specifically resistance training, is recommended to counteract these declines; however, the synergistic relationships between exercise, muscle capacity, and physical function are poorly understood. This review will summarize the literature regarding age-related changes in the aforementioned variables and review the research on the impact of resistance training interventions on muscle capacity and physical function in older women. Recommendations for future research in this area will be discussed.

Association between IGF-2 gene and fat-free mass in response to resistance training

BACKGROUND: It is well established that the human aging process is associated with a significant decline in neuromuscular function and performance. Twin studies demonstrate that genetic factors partially explain the inter-individual variation of fat-free mass (FFM) and muscle strength. PURPOSE: To examine the association between the polymorphism of the gene IGF-2 with phenotypes strength and muscle mass of elderly women pre and post resistance training. METHODS: 76 elderly women participated in this analysis. These volunteers, who should be sedentary for at least 6 months before the study, were assigned four groups in relation to allele GAGG, AA, GAAA and GG. The first analysis compared 60 elderly women with GG and GA allele (GAGG) versus 16 elderly women with AA allele. The second analysis compared 54 elderly women with GA and AA (GAAA) versus 22 elderly women GG allele. The Body mass index, fat free mass, fat mass and Isokinetic Muscle Peak Torque were measured. All volunteers were participating in the Resistance Training program. The DNA was extracted from peripheral venous blood leukocytes using a salting out protocol. The primer for IGF-II gene exon 9 was 5’-GTCCCTGAACCAGCAAAGAG-3’ 0.5 μM (0.625 μl) Primer R-5’-TGATGGAAAAGGGAGTGAGG-3’ 0.5 μM (0.625 μl), Taq DNA Polimerase enzime 0.5 U (0.1 μl), água milli-Q (3.8 μl) 5 hg de DNA (3 μl). PCR amplification was performed in a programmable thermal cycler GeneAmp? PCR System 9700. RESULTS: The results of the first analysis GAGG × AA versus the group AA showed the relative increase in knee extensor peak torque relative and also in the fat-free mass and showed a decrease in the fat mass percentage in the GAGG group. The second analysis considered the group GAAA versus group GG showed decreases in the fat-free mass percentage in the GAAA group, also showed the relative increase in the fat-free mass in the GG group and decrease in the fat mass percentage in the GG group. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that 24 weeks of the resistance training improved strength and muscle mass and decreased the fat mass. The results confirm this assertion and suggest the G allele presents more influence over the A allele, in relation to phenotypes strength and muscle mass in elderly women after resistance training.

Effect of aging on the relationship between capillary supply and muscle fiber size

A quantitative analysis of capillary supply to skeletal muscle is important for understanding the upper limit of the capacity for delivery of oxygen and substrates to muscle cells. It has been well documented that the number of capillaries is altered by several factors including development, aging, and alteration of muscle activity level such as exercise training and inactivation. There is, however, a contradiction in animal studies for aging-related change in the number of capillaries. Human studies using biopsy technique also displayed an inconsistency on that point, in which capillary supply was not influenced or decreased with aging. This review discussed an inconsistency among studies for aging-related change in muscle capillary supply. In conclusion, the relationship between capillary supply and muscle fiber size is similar for both young and elderly population, and the morpho- logical balance between capillaries and each muscle fiber was maintained with advancing age.

Reduction in pulmonary complications in high risk patients undergoing surgery for total hip replacement under general anesthesia by preoperative intensive inspiratory muscle training:A randomized controlled clinical trial

Objective： To evaluate the effects of preoperative inspiratory muscle training （IMT） on the incidence of atelectasis in patients at high risk of postoperative pulmonary complications scheduled for elective total hip replacement surgery under general anesthesia. Methods： Thirty two high-risk patients undergoing elective total hip replacement surgery under general anesthesia were chosen from Nanjing Medical University, Affiliated Nanjing First Hospital. In this single-blind randomized controlled clinical triM, patients were randomly assigned to receive preoperative inspiratory muscle training or conventional treatment （CT）. The major effectiveness outcome variables were atelectasis and duration of postoperative hospitalization. Results： Both groups were comparable prior to surgery. Seven patients in the CT group and 3 in the IMT group developed atelectasis （P = 0.25）. Median duration of postoperative hospitalization was 13 days （range, 10～17 days） in the IMT group versus 16 days （range, 11～23 days） in the CT group （Mann- Whitney U statistics, Z = -2.22, P = 0.03）. Mean postoperative inspiratory pressure was 5% higher in the IMT group. Conclusion： Preoperative intensive inspiratory muscle training appears to reduce the incidence of atelectasis and duration of postoperative hospitalization in patients at high risk of developing postoperative pulmonary complications who were scheduled for elective total hip replacement surgery under general anesthesia.

线上产后康复促进项目活动方案的设计及实施

目的探讨线上产后康复促进项目活动方案对产妇产后母乳喂养、形体恢复的效果。方法以便利抽样法抽取符合纳入及排除标准的产妇70例,将产妇随机分为产康组与对照组各35例。对照组实施常规产褥期护理及随访,产康组按照线上产后康复促进项目活动方案实施护理干预。产后6个月比较两组纯母乳喂养率、婴儿体格发育情况、产妇盆底肌肌力及形体恢复情况。结果产后6个月,纯母乳喂养率对照组为42.86%,产康组为88.57%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。产康组产妇臀围、腰围显著小于对照组,而盆底肌肌力评分显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。两组婴儿身长及体质量差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论对产妇实施线上产后康复促进项目,可提升产妇纯母乳喂养率,促进产后形体恢复、改善盆底肌肌力。

髋膝踝关节周围肌群肌力训练联合肌内效贴在前交叉韧带重建术后的应用效果分析

目的探讨前交叉韧带重建术后患者采用髋膝踝关节周围肌群肌力训练联合肌内效贴的应用效果。方法选取2022年3月至2023年3月延安大学附属医院收治的123例前交叉韧带损伤患者,均行前交叉韧带重建术,按简单随机数法分为两组。对照组(62例)术后进行髋膝踝关节周围肌群肌力训练,研究组(61例)在对照组基础上应用肌内效贴。训练4周后,评估并比较两组的关节肿胀程度、疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual analogue scale,VAS)、膝关节活动度、等速肌力、膝关节功能及生活质量变化情况。结果训练后,与对照组比较,研究组关节肿胀程度与VAS评分降低(P<0.05),屈伸、内旋、外旋关节活动度提升(P<0.05),伸膝力矩峰值、屈膝力矩峰值、Lysholm膝关节评分、Barthel指数(Barthel index,BI)评分提高(P<0.05)。结论对前交叉韧带重建术后患者采用髋膝踝关节周围肌群肌力训练联合肌内效贴有助于减轻肿胀和疼痛,促进膝关节功能的恢复,提高患者生活质量。

以障碍点为指导的个性化综合训练对老年全髋关节置换伴肌少症患者运动能力及预后的影响

目的 探讨以障碍点为指导的个性化综合训练用于老年全髋关节置换伴肌少症围术期的康复效果。方法 选取2020年2月—2023年4月收治的84例老年全髋关节置换伴肌少症,根据康复训练方法不同分为对照组、观察组,各42例。对照组给予常规康复训练,观察组给予以障碍点为指导的个性化综合训练。比较2组术前及术后1个月Fugl-Meyer运动功能量表(FMA)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、髋关节残疾和骨关节炎预后评分(HOOS)、肌力相关指标、肌肉相关康复指标及肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV1)、FEV1/FVC、FEV1占预计值的百分比(FEV1%pred)]。结果 术后1个月,观察组FMA、BBS、HOOS评分较对照组升高,优势手握力、四肢骨骼肌质量、患肢骨骼肌质量和全身肌肉质量均较对照组升高,胫前屈肌厚度、肱二头肌厚度较对照组均降低(P<0.05);术后1个月,观察组FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC、FEV1%pred与对照组比较均升高(P<0.05)。结论 以障碍点为指导的个性化综合训练能提高老年全髋关节置换伴肌少症患者肌力与运动能力,利于改善肺功能及患者预后。

弹力带抗阻训练对脑卒中下肢运动功能障碍患者肌力水平和运动耐力的影响

目的 探讨弹力带抗阻训练对脑卒中下肢运动功能障碍患者肌力水平、运动耐力的影响。方法 选择2021-06—2022-12在南京市江宁医院接受治疗的80例脑卒中下肢运动功能障碍患者进行研究,采用随机数表法分为试验组(n=40)和对照组(n=40)。对照组给常规运动指导治疗,试验组加用弹力带抗阻训练治疗。比较2组临床疗效、肌力水平、峰值摄氧量(VO_(2)peak)、无氧阈值(AT)、6 min步行距离、步态参数及Barthel指数、平衡功能评分变化情况。结果 治疗后,试验组总有效率85%,高于对照组的65%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组下肢肌力评分低于对照组[(1.40±0.23)分比(1.98±0.63)分],Fugl Meyer运动量表评分高于对照组[(29.87±3.58)分比(24.15±3.74)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组VO_(2)peak、AT及6 min步行距离分别为(20.42±1.71)m L/(min·kg)、(13.89±1.01)mL/(min·kg)、(140.56±23.78)m,均高于对照组的(18.46±1.23)m L/(min·kg)、(13.02±1.21)mL/(min·kg)、(116.58±29.61)m,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组步长、步速、步频及单支撑相水平分别为(36.87±4.71)cm、(57.78±7.23)cm/s、(69.31±5.41)step/s、(31.05±3.01)%,均高于对照组的(31.52±3.67)cm、(52.84±6.09)cm/s、(63.05±6.08)step/s、(27.21±3.08)%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组Barthel指数、平衡功能评分分别为(78.61±5.61)分、(41.15±2.31)分,均高于对照组的(67.59±6.13)分、(32.56±5.47)分,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 在脑卒中下肢运动功能障碍患者中弹力带抗阻训练治疗有较好的效果,可有效改善肌力水平、运动耐力水平。

早期抗阻训练在髋关节置换术患者中的应用价值

目的 探讨早期抗阻训练在髋关节置换术患者中的应用价值。方法 选取2021年1月—2022年6月中国人民解放军联勤保障部队天津康复疗养中心的80例髋关节置换术患者,依据随机数字表法分为2组。对照组的40例患者进行常规训练,观察组的40例患者进行早期抗阻训练。比较2组的关节功能总优良率,术前、术后的Charnley髋关节功能评分及假体周围骨密度。结果 观察组术后6、12个月关节功能总优良率分别为95.00%、100%,高于对照组的77.50%、87.50%(P<0.05);术前,2组Charnley髋关节功能评分及假体周围骨密度比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术后6、12个月后Charnley髋关节功能评分及假体周围骨密度均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 早期抗阻训练在髋关节置换术患者中的应用效果较好,可更为有效地改善患者关节功能及假体周围骨密度,在髋关节置换术患者中的应用价值较高。

血流限制训练干预老年肌少症:生物学机制和应用方案建议

背景:肌少症是一种慢性病,会导致力量丧失和功能下降,增加老年人虚弱、残疾、跌倒和死亡风险。血流限制训练可以有效治疗肌少症,但还缺乏对其优缺点、生物学机制和应用方案的全面回顾。目的:通过回顾血流限制训练干预肌少症的优势、局限性和生物学机制,并基于当前已发表的证据给予应用方案建议。方法:检索各大数据库建库至2023年2月发表的文献。英文检索词:blood flow restriction training、KAATSU、elderly、sarcopenia、muscle等;中文检索词:血流限制训练、加压训练、老年人、肌少症和肌肉等。对纳入的82篇文献进行整理和分析。结果与结论:①血流限制训练作为干预肌少症的一种方法,在外周肌群中有一定的效果,但其应用范围存在局限性,血流限制训练具备较高的可操作性和安全性,并能够提高肌肉力量和身体表现,但血流限制训练亦存在潜在风险,尤其证据报告了其对骨骼肌、心血管和内皮细胞等的不良事件,故需在科学指导下进行,并需进一步研究验证其对肌少症患者的效果。②血流限制训练干预肌少症的生物学机制可能包括:增加肌肉反应性充血导致肌肉肥大、改善肌肉蛋白合成能力、诱导代谢应激适应、促进骨骼肌生长和修复、激活血管内皮生长因子信号通路促进血管生成、促进卫星细胞增殖,但这些机制的具体作用和联合作用需要更深入的研究来确定。③血流限制训练干预肌少症主要受训练和袖带的影响,为避免出现不良事件,建议训练负荷20%-50%1RM,重复次数20-75次,训练频率每周两三次,组间间隔30-60 s,上肢训练使用较小尺寸的袖带且加压值≤140 mmHg,下肢训练使用较大尺寸的袖带且加压值≤180 mmHg,通常选择完全闭塞动脉血流压力值的50%-80%,但老年人血流限制训练频度和组间间隔的研究还需更多探讨,同时袖带加压值的最适选择亦需要进一步研究。

个性化坐卧式下肢康复训练机器人对老年人工髋关节置换术后患者的影响

目的探究个性化坐卧式下肢康复训练机器人对老年人工髋关节置换术(THA)后训练依从性、髋关节功能及肌力影响。方法选取2021年4月至2022年6月医院收治的96例老年THA患者,按照随机数字表法分为两组,常规组接受常规康复训练,研究组于常规组基础上接受个性化坐卧式下肢康复训练。比较两组训练依从率,干预前后Harris髋关节功能评分(HSS)、膝关节屈伸肌群峰力矩及生活质量测定量表(WHOQOL-BREF评分),观察两组康复期间并发症发生情况。结果研究组依从率高于常规组,并发症发生率低于常规组(P<0.05);研究组干预4周后HSS各维度评分及WHOQOL-BREF各维度评分均高于常规组(P<0.05);研究组干预4周后伸膝肌群、屈膝肌群峰力矩高于常规组(P<0.05)。结论个性化坐卧式下肢康复训练机器可有效提高老年THA后患者康复训练依从性,增强膝关节屈伸肌群肌力,改善髋关节功能,并能降低并发症发生率,提升生活质量。

术前肌力训练联合术后BIODEX平衡训练在全髋关节置换术患者中的应用效果

目的观察术前肌力训练联合术后BIODEX平衡功能训练在改善全髋关节置换术(THA)患者运动功能中的效果。方法选取2021年1月—2022年12月就诊的110例接受THA治疗患者作为研究对象,采用简单随机化法分为观察组和对照组,每组55例。对照组术后采用常规康复训练,观察组给予肌力训练联合BIODEX平衡功能训练。术后5 d时,比较2组影像学指标[髋臼外展角、前倾角、臼杯位于安全区比率、股骨假体居中率];比较2组治疗前及治疗1个月后关节运动功能(髋关节Harris评分)、平衡能力[Berg平衡量表(BBS)]、日常活动能力[日常生活能力表(ADL)]。结果术后5 d时,2组髋臼外展角、前倾角、臼杯位于安全区比率、股骨假体居中率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗1个月后,2组髋关节Harris评分、BBS评分、ADL评分均升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论术前肌力训练联合术后BIODEX平衡功能训练疗效显著,可有效改善THA治疗患者髋关节运动功能,提高其平衡控制能力。

12周有氧训练联合弹力带抗阻训练对老年肌少症体成分、肌力、 躯体功能和肺功能的影响

目的通过对住院老年肌少症患者中进行中等有氧训练联合弹力带抗阻训练,观察12周强化训练及停止训练12周后对老年肌少症患者体成分、肌力、躯体功能及肺功能的影响。方法选择2022年1月-2022年12月收治于上海市第四康复医院呼吸康复科及综合康复科老年肌少症58例住院患者并完成了全程随访,按随机数字法分为联合组(n=29)和有氧组(n=29),有氧组在常规康复训练基础上附加中等强度有氧训练,联合组在有氧组基础上联合弹力带抗阻训练,12周强化训练后停止训练12周,但维持训练前的日常生活方式、饮食及体育活动。比较2组在训练前、12周训练后、12周停止训练后的体成分、肌力、躯体功能及肺功能的变化。采用了两因素重复测量的方法。结果与训练前相比,12周强化训练后,联合组在ASM、握力、伸膝肌肌力、6米步速、5次起坐时间及FVC、FVC%pred、FEV 1指标上的显著改善与有氧组相当(P>0.05),联合组较有氧组ASMI改善更显著(P<0.05)。停止训练12周后,2组前述指标表现均显著较12周强化训练后差(P<0.05),除外联合组在FVC%pred与12周后相比无差异(P>0.05),联合组ASMI、握力、伸膝肌肌力在停止训练12周后的水平仍显著高于训练前(P<0.05),且显著高于有氧组(P<0.05)。结论12周中等强度有氧训练联合弹力带抗阻训练可显著改善老年肌少症患者的肌肉量、肌力和部分肺功能参数,在停止训练12周后该疗效仍在持续,但较训练后显著或不显著的降低并不能被日常饮食及体育活动弥补。

血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练对运动者肌肉相关指标影响的Meta分析

目的:通过收集血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练的相关文献,依照系统评价和Meta分析的范式,分析血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练与抗阻训练对运动者肌肉相关指标和专项能力的不同影响,旨在为运动者在训练实践中运用血流限制训练提供数据支持。方法:检索中外数据库(中国知网、万方、PubMed、Web of Science和SPORTDiscus),应用血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练对对象为运动者中大学生运动者肢体围度、肌肉质量、肌肉力量和专项运动能力影响的随机对照试验,检索起止时间为2000-01-01/2023-10-12。至少2名研究者采用Cochrane协作网偏倚风险评估工具和标准对纳入文献进行质量评价。使用RevMan 5.4软件进行异质性检验、数据合并、亚组分析、绘制森林图和敏感性分析,绘制漏斗图并进行发表偏倚评价和敏感性分析。评价指标为肢体围度、肌肉厚度、肌肉力量和专项能力等,对不同专项运动能力进行亚组分析。结果:①共纳入18项随机对照试验,共403例受试者,根据Cochrane协作网偏倚风险评估工具,纳入文献中文献质量为A级的有16篇,B级有2篇。②将血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练与抗阻训练之间的效果进行对比,在肢体围度方面,两组间无显著性差异(SMD=0.03,95%CI:-0.16-0.21,P=0.78);在肌肉厚度方面(SMD=0.14,95%CI:0.01-0.27,P=0.03)及肌肉力量方面(SMD=0.37,95%CI:0.14-0.60,P=0.001)两组间有显著性差异。③对专项能力指标进行亚组分析结果显示,距离指标的分析结果存在高异质性(I2=73%),时间指标的分析结果存在高异质性(I2=55%),分析可能原因是各研究的测试方法及评估指标意义的不同导致;功率指标的分析结果显示无异质性(I2=0%);血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练对距离指标具有显著影响(P<0.01)。④合并效应结果显示,血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练比较抗阻训练对于专项能力的影响(P=0.41),提示不同训练方法对于专项能力不存在显著性影响。结论:①两种训练方法均能够促进大学生运动者的肌肉厚度、肌肉力量和专项能力,血流限制训练法联合抗阻训练相较于抗阻训练在促进运动员肌肉厚度、肌肉力量和部分专项能力方面具有显著性效果。因此,可以在专项训练之中科学合理地融合血流限制训练法,以差异性的生理刺激综合作用于肌肉,以取得更好的训练效果。②然而,由于纳入的研究数量较少,以及其他可能存在的局限性,今后需要纳入更多的高质量、多项目类型和性别的随机对照试验来证实。

老年人肌肉力量训练中居家零食式抗阻运动的研究进展

零食式抗阻运动作为一种新兴的运动干预手段,具有灵活便捷、易于操作的特点,在家庭环境中实施具有显著优势。本文综述了居家零食式抗阻运动的理论基础、实施策略,深入分析了其在老年群体中的安全性、依从性、可接受性以及对老年人肌肉力量的改善效果,并提出针对性的优化措施,为我国老年群体开展新型运动干预研究提供参考。

加压联合抗阻训练对T2DM大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗及质量的影响

目的:探讨加压联合低强度抗阻训练对2型糖尿病(T2DM)大鼠糖代谢、骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗(PI3K/Akt/Glut4)通路及其下游P70S6K蛋白表达和质量的影响。方法:HFD饲料喂养8周,联合注射35mg/kg链脲佐菌素构建T2DM大鼠模型,造模成功大鼠均分为5组(n=9),2型糖尿病对照组(DR):不进行运动干预;单纯加压训练组(BRT):加压5 min休息5 min,4次循环;高强度抗阻训练组(HRT):50%~75%1RM;低强度抗阻训练组(LRT):35%~55%1RM;加压联合低强度抗阻训练组(BLRT):加压联合35%~55%1RM。运动后测糖代谢指标,Western blot法测PI3K/Akt/Glut4通路及P70S6K相关蛋白表达。结果:①8周后,BRT组、LRT组、BLRT组空腹血糖显著下降(P<0.05)。②与DR组比较,HRT组p-PI3K、p-Akt和Glut4显著增加(P<0.01);与BRT组比较,HRT组p-PI3K、Glut4显著增加(P<0.05)。③与DR组比较,BLRT组p-Akt、Akt/p-Akt和Glut4显著增加(P<0.01);与BRT组比较,BLRT组Glut4表达显著增加(P<0.01);与HRT组比较,BLRT组Akt/p-Akt比值显著增加(P<0.05)。④BLRT组和HRT组p-Akt、Glut4、P70S6K、p-P70S6K蛋白表达和p-P70S6K/P70S6K比值相近。结论:加压联合低强度抗阻训练能够增加p-Akt/Akt的比值,上调Glut4表达,改善T2DM大鼠骨骼肌胰岛素抵抗,降低血糖。加压联合抗阻训练对骨骼肌质量无显著影响。