Introduction Atherosclerosis is a potentially life-threatening disease of large arteries that is strongly associated with systemic risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia,hypertension,smoking,and diabetes. However,a...Introduction Atherosclerosis is a potentially life-threatening disease of large arteries that is strongly associated with systemic risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia,hypertension,smoking,and diabetes. However,atherosclerosis develops as a展开更多
Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum threatens the remarkable efficacy of artemisininbased combination therapies worldwide. Thus, greater insight into the resistance mechanism using monitoring tools is esse...Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum threatens the remarkable efficacy of artemisininbased combination therapies worldwide. Thus, greater insight into the resistance mechanism using monitoring tools is essential. The ring-stage survival assay is used for phenotyping artemisinin-resistance or decreased artemisinin sensitivity. Here, we review the progress of this measurement assay and explore its limitations and potential applications.展开更多
A total of 21 rice varieties were assayed based on RGA-PCR using six pairs of RGA primers and evaluated for leaf blast resistance in the nursery as well. Cluster analysis showed that the varieties could be classified ...A total of 21 rice varieties were assayed based on RGA-PCR using six pairs of RGA primers and evaluated for leaf blast resistance in the nursery as well. Cluster analysis showed that the varieties could be classified into five groups either at the similarity threshold of 0.72 for RGA profiles or at 0.80 for leaf blast severities. Although there did not exist a complete parallel relationship between RGA-based groups and blast resistance-based groups, five out of six varieties with broad spectrum or durable resistance repeatedly fell into same group. This result suggested that application of three primer pairs, viz. RGA1 and RGA2 （both designed from the LRR region of rice Xa21 gene） and RGA3 （designed from the LRR region of tobacco N gene） contributed to better evaluation of the germplasms for their resistance responses to rice blast.展开更多
Highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART） for HIV/AIDS has efficiently controlled the progression of the disease, extended life expectancy and decreased HIV/AIDS related morbidity and mortality since the advent o...Highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART） for HIV/AIDS has efficiently controlled the progression of the disease, extended life expectancy and decreased HIV/AIDS related morbidity and mortality since the advent of HIV protease inhibitors in 1996.1 Recent emergence of HIV resistance has severely affected the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. The prevalence of HIV resistance has been increasing from the usage of AZT. Studies in US indicated that the prevalence was approximately 50% in patients who had experienced antiretroviral therapy.2 Antiviral regimens based on resistance tests could efficiently decrease viral load, increase CD4 cell counts and significantly improve the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy.3 There are two methods commonly used to test HIV resistance at present： one is genotypic resistance assay which predict HIV resistance based on resistance mutations in the viral genome; the other is a phenotypic resistance assay which directly evaluates HIV resistance through analyzing drug sensitivity in vitro.展开更多
基金support from National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Grants P50-HL56985 and R01-HL61794
文摘Introduction Atherosclerosis is a potentially life-threatening disease of large arteries that is strongly associated with systemic risk factors such as hypercholesterolemia,hypertension,smoking,and diabetes. However,atherosclerosis develops as a
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31260508,U1202226)grants of Doctor Newcomer Scholarship from Yunnan province
文摘Artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum threatens the remarkable efficacy of artemisininbased combination therapies worldwide. Thus, greater insight into the resistance mechanism using monitoring tools is essential. The ring-stage survival assay is used for phenotyping artemisinin-resistance or decreased artemisinin sensitivity. Here, we review the progress of this measurement assay and explore its limitations and potential applications.
基金Science Foundation for Post-Doctortoral Work Station of Hunan Yahua Seeds Co. Ltd
文摘A total of 21 rice varieties were assayed based on RGA-PCR using six pairs of RGA primers and evaluated for leaf blast resistance in the nursery as well. Cluster analysis showed that the varieties could be classified into five groups either at the similarity threshold of 0.72 for RGA profiles or at 0.80 for leaf blast severities. Although there did not exist a complete parallel relationship between RGA-based groups and blast resistance-based groups, five out of six varieties with broad spectrum or durable resistance repeatedly fell into same group. This result suggested that application of three primer pairs, viz. RGA1 and RGA2 （both designed from the LRR region of rice Xa21 gene） and RGA3 （designed from the LRR region of tobacco N gene） contributed to better evaluation of the germplasms for their resistance responses to rice blast.
文摘Highly active antiretroviral therapy （HAART） for HIV/AIDS has efficiently controlled the progression of the disease, extended life expectancy and decreased HIV/AIDS related morbidity and mortality since the advent of HIV protease inhibitors in 1996.1 Recent emergence of HIV resistance has severely affected the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy. The prevalence of HIV resistance has been increasing from the usage of AZT. Studies in US indicated that the prevalence was approximately 50% in patients who had experienced antiretroviral therapy.2 Antiviral regimens based on resistance tests could efficiently decrease viral load, increase CD4 cell counts and significantly improve the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy.3 There are two methods commonly used to test HIV resistance at present： one is genotypic resistance assay which predict HIV resistance based on resistance mutations in the viral genome; the other is a phenotypic resistance assay which directly evaluates HIV resistance through analyzing drug sensitivity in vitro.
