Background: The European Union Training Mission Mali(EUTM MLI) is a multinational military training deployment to the Western African tropical nation of Mali. Based on routinely collected disease and non-battle injury...Background: The European Union Training Mission Mali(EUTM MLI) is a multinational military training deployment to the Western African tropical nation of Mali. Based on routinely collected disease and non-battle injury surveillance data, this study quantifies the true impact of infectious diseases for this tropical mission and potential seasonal variations in infectious disease threats.Methods: Categorized health events during the EUTM MLI mission and associated lost working days were reported using the EpiNATO-2 report. Infection-related health events were descriptively analyzed for a 4-year period from the 12 th week in 2013 to the 13 th week in 2017. Aggregated EpiNATO-2 data collected from all missions other than EUTM MLI were used as a comparator.Results: Among the infectious diseases reported by EUTM MLI, non-severe upper respiratory infections and gastrointestinal diseases dominated quantitatively, accounting for 1.65 and 1.42 consultations per 100 person-weeks, respectively. The number of recorded infectious disease-associated lost working days during the whole study interval was 723. Seasonal changes in disease frequency were detectable. More gastrointestinal infections were seen in the rainy season, and more respiratory infections occurred in the dry season; these were associated with peaks of more than 2.5 consultations per 100 person-weeks for both categories.Conclusion: Despite initial concerns focused on tropical infectious diseases during this mission in tropical Mali, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections predominate. The relatively low number of reported lost working days may indicate that these infections are at the milder end of the spectrum of infectious diseases despite a likely reporting bias.展开更多
Polyphenols are a large family of more than 10,000 naturally occurring compounds,which exert countless pharmacological,biological and physiological benefits for human health including several chronic diseases such as ...Polyphenols are a large family of more than 10,000 naturally occurring compounds,which exert countless pharmacological,biological and physiological benefits for human health including several chronic diseases such as cancer,diabetes,cardio-vascular,and neurological diseases.Their role in traditional medicine,such as the use of a wide range of remedial herbs(thyme,oregano,rosemary,sage,mint,basil),has been well and long known for treating common respiratory problems and cold infections.This review reports on the most highlighted polyphenolic compounds present in up to date literature and their specific antiviral perceptive properties that might enhance the body immunity facing COVID-19,and other viral infec-tious diseases.In fact,several studies and clinical trials increasingly proved the role of polyphenols in controlling numer-ous human pathogens including SARS and MERS,which are quite similar to COVID-19 through the enhancement of host immune response against viral infections by different biological mechanisms.Thus,polyphenols ought to be considered as a potential and valuable source for designing new drugs that could be used effectively in the combat against COVID‐19 and other rigorous diseases.展开更多
文摘Background: The European Union Training Mission Mali(EUTM MLI) is a multinational military training deployment to the Western African tropical nation of Mali. Based on routinely collected disease and non-battle injury surveillance data, this study quantifies the true impact of infectious diseases for this tropical mission and potential seasonal variations in infectious disease threats.Methods: Categorized health events during the EUTM MLI mission and associated lost working days were reported using the EpiNATO-2 report. Infection-related health events were descriptively analyzed for a 4-year period from the 12 th week in 2013 to the 13 th week in 2017. Aggregated EpiNATO-2 data collected from all missions other than EUTM MLI were used as a comparator.Results: Among the infectious diseases reported by EUTM MLI, non-severe upper respiratory infections and gastrointestinal diseases dominated quantitatively, accounting for 1.65 and 1.42 consultations per 100 person-weeks, respectively. The number of recorded infectious disease-associated lost working days during the whole study interval was 723. Seasonal changes in disease frequency were detectable. More gastrointestinal infections were seen in the rainy season, and more respiratory infections occurred in the dry season; these were associated with peaks of more than 2.5 consultations per 100 person-weeks for both categories.Conclusion: Despite initial concerns focused on tropical infectious diseases during this mission in tropical Mali, upper respiratory tract and gastrointestinal infections predominate. The relatively low number of reported lost working days may indicate that these infections are at the milder end of the spectrum of infectious diseases despite a likely reporting bias.
文摘Polyphenols are a large family of more than 10,000 naturally occurring compounds,which exert countless pharmacological,biological and physiological benefits for human health including several chronic diseases such as cancer,diabetes,cardio-vascular,and neurological diseases.Their role in traditional medicine,such as the use of a wide range of remedial herbs(thyme,oregano,rosemary,sage,mint,basil),has been well and long known for treating common respiratory problems and cold infections.This review reports on the most highlighted polyphenolic compounds present in up to date literature and their specific antiviral perceptive properties that might enhance the body immunity facing COVID-19,and other viral infec-tious diseases.In fact,several studies and clinical trials increasingly proved the role of polyphenols in controlling numer-ous human pathogens including SARS and MERS,which are quite similar to COVID-19 through the enhancement of host immune response against viral infections by different biological mechanisms.Thus,polyphenols ought to be considered as a potential and valuable source for designing new drugs that could be used effectively in the combat against COVID‐19 and other rigorous diseases.
