Astragaloside Ⅳ is the main active compound of Astragalus membranaceus. Astragaloside Ⅳ has strong anti-oxidative activities and protective effects against progression of peripheral neuropathy. In this study, we det...Astragaloside Ⅳ is the main active compound of Astragalus membranaceus. Astragaloside Ⅳ has strong anti-oxidative activities and protective effects against progression of peripheral neuropathy. In this study, we determined whether astragaloside Ⅳ protects retinal ganglion cells（RGC） from oxidative stress injury using the rat RGC-5 cell line. Hydrogen peroxide（H_2O_2） was used to induce oxidative stress injury, with the protective effect of astragaloside Ⅳ examined. Cell Counting Kit-8 and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining showed that astragaloside Ⅳ increased cell survival rate and decreased apoptotic cell number. Flow cytometry showed that astragaloside Ⅳ decreased H_2O_2-induced reactive oxygen species levels. While laser confocal microscopy showed that astragaloside Ⅳ inhibited the H_2O_2-induced decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot assay showed that astragaloside Ⅳ reduced cytochrome c release induced by H_2O_2, inhibited Bax and caspase-3 expression, and increased Bcl-2 expression. Altogether, these results indicate that astragaloside Ⅳ has potential protective effects against H_2O_2-induced oxidative stress in retinal ganglion cells.展开更多
Glaucoma results from irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)through an unclear mechanism.Microglial polarization and neuroinflammation play an important role in retinal degeneration.Our study aimed to explo...Glaucoma results from irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)through an unclear mechanism.Microglial polarization and neuroinflammation play an important role in retinal degeneration.Our study aimed to explore the function of microglial polarization during glaucoma progression and identify a strategy to alleviate retinal neuroinflammation.Retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in C57BL/6 mice.In a separate cohort of animals,interleukin(IL)-4(50 ng/mL,2μL per injection)or vehicle was intravitreally injected after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.RGC loss was assessed by counting cells that were positive for the RGC marker RNA binding protein,mRNA processing factor in retinal flat mounts.The expression of classically activated(M1)and alternatively activated(M2)microglial markers were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,immunofluorescence,and western blotting.The results showed that progressive RGC loss was accompanied by a continuous decrease in M2 microglia during the late phase of the 28-day period after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.IL-4 was undetectable in the retina at all time points,and intravitreal IL-4 administration markedly improved M2 microglial marker expression and ameliorated RGC loss in the late phase post-retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.In summary,we observed that IL-4 treatment maintained a high number of M2 microglia after RIR and promoted RGC survival.展开更多
Glaucoma, the leading cause globally of irreversible blindness, is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death. To date, no drug has been shown to prevent the retinal ganglion ...Glaucoma, the leading cause globally of irreversible blindness, is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death. To date, no drug has been shown to prevent the retinal ganglion cell loss associated with glaucoma. Multiple mechanisms lead to ganglion cell death in glaucoma, suggesting that a neuroprotectant that has a single mode of action, like memantine, would have a limited positive effect at slowing down ganglion cell death. Conversely simultaneously targeting several factors may be the best therapeutic approach to improve outcomes Multifunctional drugs are fast gaining acceptance as a strategy for the treatment of complex disorders of the central nervous system, such as Parkinson＇s disease, Alzheimer＇s disease and other progressive neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we review the current literature on multifunctional drugs and propose a rationale for the use of multifunctional drugs in glaucomatous optic neuropathy.展开更多
国际标准CIE S 026:2018为时间生物学领域的照明专业人员和现场研究人员提供了一种方法来表征非视觉光感受与响应方面的光照量。该标准定义了五种光谱灵敏度函数,以描述光辐射刺激五种α响应视网膜光感受器的能力,这些光感受器通过内在...国际标准CIE S 026:2018为时间生物学领域的照明专业人员和现场研究人员提供了一种方法来表征非视觉光感受与响应方面的光照量。该标准定义了五种光谱灵敏度函数,以描述光辐射刺激五种α响应视网膜光感受器的能力,这些光感受器通过内在光敏视网膜神经节细胞(ipRGCs)对人类产生非视觉效应。CIE最近还发布了一个开放获取的α响应工具箱,基于测量(用户自定义)的光谱或工具箱中内置的标准照明体(A、D65、E、FL11、LED-B3),计算光度量、辐射度量和光子系统中α响应计量的数量和比率。基于视黑素蛋白的ipRGCs光感受已被广泛证明可以解释非视觉响应的光谱敏感性,包括改变夜间睡眠的时间、褪黑素分泌和调节稳态瞳孔直径。最近的研究结果表明,感光色素视黑素蛋白也在视觉响应中发挥作用,并且基于视黑素蛋白的光感受可能对亮度感知和空间视觉方面有重要影响。虽然在非视觉效应方面,关于视杆细胞、视锥细胞与ipRGCs如何交互的认识不断发展,最近CIE的一份关于应用“在合适的时间推荐合适的光照”的立场声明中使用了视黑素响应日光(D65)等效照度来指导调节非视觉响应。关于这种方法的详细说明,可以通过第二届昼夜节律和神经生理光度学国际研讨会(曼彻斯特,2019年8月)的同行评审出版物了解*。CIE S 026新的α响应计量方法实现了可追踪测量,并对个人光照量、光干预和照明设计进行了正式的量化规范。通过使用这个工具箱,将这种计量方法应用于日常光源,包括动态变化的日光、LED照明光源以及智能手机屏幕等。这些示例展示了如何利用视黑素含量随时间变化的光照,以更好地支持人类健康与福祉。展开更多
基金supported by a grant from the Education Department of Heilongjiang Province of China,No.12541398
文摘Astragaloside Ⅳ is the main active compound of Astragalus membranaceus. Astragaloside Ⅳ has strong anti-oxidative activities and protective effects against progression of peripheral neuropathy. In this study, we determined whether astragaloside Ⅳ protects retinal ganglion cells（RGC） from oxidative stress injury using the rat RGC-5 cell line. Hydrogen peroxide（H_2O_2） was used to induce oxidative stress injury, with the protective effect of astragaloside Ⅳ examined. Cell Counting Kit-8 and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining showed that astragaloside Ⅳ increased cell survival rate and decreased apoptotic cell number. Flow cytometry showed that astragaloside Ⅳ decreased H_2O_2-induced reactive oxygen species levels. While laser confocal microscopy showed that astragaloside Ⅳ inhibited the H_2O_2-induced decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blot assay showed that astragaloside Ⅳ reduced cytochrome c release induced by H_2O_2, inhibited Bax and caspase-3 expression, and increased Bcl-2 expression. Altogether, these results indicate that astragaloside Ⅳ has potential protective effects against H_2O_2-induced oxidative stress in retinal ganglion cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.81970796(to WYG)Clinical Research Program of the Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No.JYLJ201905(to WYG)Interdisciplinary Program of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.YG2019QNA18(to YW)
文摘Glaucoma results from irreversible loss of retinal ganglion cells(RGCs)through an unclear mechanism.Microglial polarization and neuroinflammation play an important role in retinal degeneration.Our study aimed to explore the function of microglial polarization during glaucoma progression and identify a strategy to alleviate retinal neuroinflammation.Retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in C57BL/6 mice.In a separate cohort of animals,interleukin(IL)-4(50 ng/mL,2μL per injection)or vehicle was intravitreally injected after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.RGC loss was assessed by counting cells that were positive for the RGC marker RNA binding protein,mRNA processing factor in retinal flat mounts.The expression of classically activated(M1)and alternatively activated(M2)microglial markers were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,immunofluorescence,and western blotting.The results showed that progressive RGC loss was accompanied by a continuous decrease in M2 microglia during the late phase of the 28-day period after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.IL-4 was undetectable in the retina at all time points,and intravitreal IL-4 administration markedly improved M2 microglial marker expression and ameliorated RGC loss in the late phase post-retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.In summary,we observed that IL-4 treatment maintained a high number of M2 microglia after RIR and promoted RGC survival.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81000380the Scientific Research Fund of Health Department, Hubei Province, China, No. QJX2010-53
文摘Glaucoma, the leading cause globally of irreversible blindness, is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive retinal ganglion cell death. To date, no drug has been shown to prevent the retinal ganglion cell loss associated with glaucoma. Multiple mechanisms lead to ganglion cell death in glaucoma, suggesting that a neuroprotectant that has a single mode of action, like memantine, would have a limited positive effect at slowing down ganglion cell death. Conversely simultaneously targeting several factors may be the best therapeutic approach to improve outcomes Multifunctional drugs are fast gaining acceptance as a strategy for the treatment of complex disorders of the central nervous system, such as Parkinson＇s disease, Alzheimer＇s disease and other progressive neurodegenerative diseases. In this paper, we review the current literature on multifunctional drugs and propose a rationale for the use of multifunctional drugs in glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
文摘国际标准CIE S 026:2018为时间生物学领域的照明专业人员和现场研究人员提供了一种方法来表征非视觉光感受与响应方面的光照量。该标准定义了五种光谱灵敏度函数,以描述光辐射刺激五种α响应视网膜光感受器的能力,这些光感受器通过内在光敏视网膜神经节细胞(ipRGCs)对人类产生非视觉效应。CIE最近还发布了一个开放获取的α响应工具箱,基于测量(用户自定义)的光谱或工具箱中内置的标准照明体(A、D65、E、FL11、LED-B3),计算光度量、辐射度量和光子系统中α响应计量的数量和比率。基于视黑素蛋白的ipRGCs光感受已被广泛证明可以解释非视觉响应的光谱敏感性,包括改变夜间睡眠的时间、褪黑素分泌和调节稳态瞳孔直径。最近的研究结果表明,感光色素视黑素蛋白也在视觉响应中发挥作用,并且基于视黑素蛋白的光感受可能对亮度感知和空间视觉方面有重要影响。虽然在非视觉效应方面,关于视杆细胞、视锥细胞与ipRGCs如何交互的认识不断发展,最近CIE的一份关于应用“在合适的时间推荐合适的光照”的立场声明中使用了视黑素响应日光(D65)等效照度来指导调节非视觉响应。关于这种方法的详细说明,可以通过第二届昼夜节律和神经生理光度学国际研讨会(曼彻斯特,2019年8月)的同行评审出版物了解*。CIE S 026新的α响应计量方法实现了可追踪测量,并对个人光照量、光干预和照明设计进行了正式的量化规范。通过使用这个工具箱,将这种计量方法应用于日常光源,包括动态变化的日光、LED照明光源以及智能手机屏幕等。这些示例展示了如何利用视黑素含量随时间变化的光照,以更好地支持人类健康与福祉。
