Toll-like receptors（TLRs） are commonly referred to a series of evolutionary conserved receptors which recognize and respond to various microbes and endogenous ligands.Growing evidence has demonstrated that the expre...Toll-like receptors（TLRs） are commonly referred to a series of evolutionary conserved receptors which recognize and respond to various microbes and endogenous ligands.Growing evidence has demonstrated that the expression of TLRs in the retina is regulated during retinal ischemic diseases,including ischemia-reperfusion injury,glaucoma,diabetic retinopathy（DR） and retinopathy of prematurity（ROP）.TLRs can be expressed in multiple cells in the retina,such as glial cells,retinal pigment epithelium（RPE）,as well as photoreceptor cells and endothelium cells.Activation of TLRs in retina could initiate a complex signal transduction cascade,induce the production of inflammatory cytokines and regulate the level of costimulatory molecules,which play prominent roles in the pathogenesis of retinal ischemic diseases.In this review,we summarized current studies about the relationship between TLRs and ischemic retinopathy.A greater understanding of the effect of TLRs on ischemic injuries may contribute to the development of specific TLR targeted therapeutic strategies in these conditions.展开更多
Neovascular glaucoma （NVG） is a blinding, intractable disease, which is difficult to manage. It is referred to as an ＂end-stage＂ ocular disease. Conventional treatments for extremely uncontrolled NVG cases include...Neovascular glaucoma （NVG） is a blinding, intractable disease, which is difficult to manage. It is referred to as an ＂end-stage＂ ocular disease. Conventional treatments for extremely uncontrolled NVG cases include retinal cryotherapy or enucleation. Major advancements in the diagnosis and the treatment of NVG, such as glaucoma drainage implant surgery and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor （anti-VEGF） treatment, have led to a new era in the management of this condition. However, many challenges still remain to be overcome.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81271014No.81470655No.81570856)
文摘Toll-like receptors（TLRs） are commonly referred to a series of evolutionary conserved receptors which recognize and respond to various microbes and endogenous ligands.Growing evidence has demonstrated that the expression of TLRs in the retina is regulated during retinal ischemic diseases,including ischemia-reperfusion injury,glaucoma,diabetic retinopathy（DR） and retinopathy of prematurity（ROP）.TLRs can be expressed in multiple cells in the retina,such as glial cells,retinal pigment epithelium（RPE）,as well as photoreceptor cells and endothelium cells.Activation of TLRs in retina could initiate a complex signal transduction cascade,induce the production of inflammatory cytokines and regulate the level of costimulatory molecules,which play prominent roles in the pathogenesis of retinal ischemic diseases.In this review,we summarized current studies about the relationship between TLRs and ischemic retinopathy.A greater understanding of the effect of TLRs on ischemic injuries may contribute to the development of specific TLR targeted therapeutic strategies in these conditions.
基金This research was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81170849 and No. 81371008）. Conflicts of interest： none.
文摘Neovascular glaucoma （NVG） is a blinding, intractable disease, which is difficult to manage. It is referred to as an ＂end-stage＂ ocular disease. Conventional treatments for extremely uncontrolled NVG cases include retinal cryotherapy or enucleation. Major advancements in the diagnosis and the treatment of NVG, such as glaucoma drainage implant surgery and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor （anti-VEGF） treatment, have led to a new era in the management of this condition. However, many challenges still remain to be overcome.
