The Space Dissimilation of Stakeholders' Environment Cognitive and Behavior Preference Response in the Area from Returning Fazing Land to Grasslands

The cognition and attitudes of resources environment affect environmental behavior of behavior subject,the changes of attitude and behavior become one of the key factors of influencing harmonious and healthy development of ecological environment. With PRA survey method for obtaining questionnaire data and based on behavior geography and social psychology theory,farming-pastoral,dry grassland,desert grassland, typical project village alpine grassland of returning fazing land to grasslands as an example,with main body cognitive perspective of the aid of resources,the article analyzed space dissimilation of stakeholders environmental cognitive and behavior preference response in the area of returning grazing land to grasslands from ecological environment from policy environment,ecological environment and family economic environment aspects. The results showed that： stakeholders judgment of Grassland degradation in different ecological function area had obvious regularity,the cognitive proportion of Grassland degradation gradually increase from farming-pastora to alpine savanes. The satisfaction from returning grazing land to grasslands showed a changing tendency of reversed U. stakeholders had more strongly negative cognition in the area of dry steppe and desertsteppe. From farming-pastoral to alpine savanes,the economic environment tend to worse situation. Negative environmental behaviors tend to increase,Positive behavior on the contrary.

基于不同生态功能区农牧户认知的草地生态补偿依据研究

从行为主体认知视角,采用PRA调查方式获取问卷资料,以农牧交错、干旱草原、荒漠草原、高寒草原等生态功能区的典型项目村为例,分析了不同生态功能区农牧民对退牧还草生态补偿政策的认知、生态补偿标准和期望的认知及补偿方式的偏好。结果表明:受长期传统生产生活方式影响,不同生态功能区农牧民对退牧还草生态补偿表现出不同的认知及满意度。补偿标准未能达到被调查者的期望值,现有生态补偿只体现了对草地资源属性的补偿,很少考虑草地对牧民的综合功能与经济价值。不同生态功能区均为单一的资金补偿方式,缺乏相应技术、智力、基础设施及就业等方面的配套,未能有效地适应退牧还草区产业结构转型和家庭生计发展的需求。

退牧还草区农牧民环境认知差异及其行为偏好

资源环境的认知及态度影响行为主体的环境行为方式,态度与行为方式的转变成为影响环境生态和谐健康发展的关键因素之一。采用半结构访谈的问卷调查手段,以农牧交错、干旱草原、荒漠草原、高寒草原退牧还草生态功能区的典型项目村为例,基于行为地理与社会心理理论,借助资源利用者主体认知视角,从农牧民所处生态环境、政策环境及家庭经济环境方面,分析退牧还草不同生态功能区农牧民环境认知的空间差异及行为偏好响应。结果表明:不同生态功能区农牧民对草原退化问题的判断具有明显的规律性,从农牧交错区到高寒草原区,随海拔逐渐升高,草地退化认知比重逐渐增大;而退牧还草政策满意度从农牧交错区到高寒草原区呈现出倒U形的变化趋势,干旱草原区、荒漠草原居民负面认知更加强烈;从农牧交错区到高寒草原区经济环境趋于恶化,负面环境行为偏好比重趋于增大,正面行为反之。