It is an important way for realizing sustainable development of sweet corn production to stabilize and improve soil fertility of cultivated land in sweet corn production region.Through the test of sweet corn straw dir...It is an important way for realizing sustainable development of sweet corn production to stabilize and improve soil fertility of cultivated land in sweet corn production region.Through the test of sweet corn straw directly returning to the field after 6seasons for 3years,the results showed that continuous single application of chemical fertilizer is not conducive to the stability of soil fertility and yield improvement,and implementation of straw returning could receive fertility,improve soil acidic conditions,and enhance the yield of sweet corn.Compared with before the test,the single application of chemical fertilizer increased soil available phosphorus,while the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen and available potassium decreased by 1.08,1.18 and 2.47mg/kg respectively,and the soil pH decreased by 0.15.Under the same fertilizer conditions,organic matter contents of single and double-season straw returning increased by 0.71 and 1.29g/kg,available nitrogen increased by 17.15 and 28.27mg/kg,available phosphorus increased by 0.96 and 1.73mg/kg,available potassium increased by 2.41 and 5.92mg/kg,the soil pH increased by 0.16 and 0.2.Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer,the average yields of single and double-season straw returning increased by 7.5%and 11.8%,and their average income increased by 87.3and 117.1yuan of per mu(667m^2)respectively.展开更多
Spectroscopy measurements (Fourier transform infrared differential spectroscopy, Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, Matrix-assisted laser resorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) were ...Spectroscopy measurements (Fourier transform infrared differential spectroscopy, Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, Matrix-assisted laser resorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) were performed to study the humic acids of the soil applied with corn stalk. The results showed that after incorporation of corn stalks into the soil, the soil humic acid (HA) changed significantly in different stages. During first 60 days, new HAs were formed by polymerization and seems to be similar to that of initial HAs from composting corn stalk, some little molecular organic matters also reacted with soil HAs and turned into parts of soil HAs. After 60 days of the corn stalk residue incorporation, new HAs were formed by polymerization of decomposed lignin molecules, some methylenes transformed into methyls and methoxyls since the 90th day. Application of corn stalk led to the increase of aliphatic components in soil HAs, the decrease in aromatic components of soil HAs and the suppression in oxidation degree of soil HAs. The average molecular weight of soil HAs also declined because of application of corn stalk.展开更多
Corn straw return to the field is a vital agronomic practice for increasing soil organic carbon(SOC)and its labile fractions,as well as soil aggregates and organic carbon(OC)associated with water-stable aggregates(WSA...Corn straw return to the field is a vital agronomic practice for increasing soil organic carbon(SOC)and its labile fractions,as well as soil aggregates and organic carbon(OC)associated with water-stable aggregates(WSA).Moreover,the labile SOC fractions play an important role in OC turnover and sequestration.The aims of this study were to determine how different corn straw returning modes affect the contents of labile SOC fractions and OC associated with WSA.Corn straw was returned in the following depths:(1)on undisturbed soil surface(NTS),(2)in the 0–10 cm soil depth(MTS),(3)in the 0–20 cm soil depth(CTS),and(4)no corn straw applied(CK).After five years(2014–2018),soil was sampled in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm depths to measure the water-extractable organic C(WEOC),permanganate oxidizable C(KMnO4-C),light fraction organic C(LFOC),and WSA fractions.The results showed that compared with CK,corn straw amended soils(NTS,MTS and CTS)increased SOC content by 11.55%–16.58%,WEOC by 41.38%–51.42%,KMnO4-C and LFOC by 29.84%–34.09%and 56.68%–65.36%in the 0–40 cm soil depth.The LFOC and KMnO4-C were proved to be the most sensitive fractions to different corn straw returning modes.Compared with CK,soils amended with corn straw increased mean weight diameter by 24.24%–40.48%in the 0–20 cm soil depth.The NTS and MTS preserved more than 60.00%of OC in macro-aggregates compared with CK.No significant difference was found in corn yield across all corn straw returning modes throughout the study period,indicating that adoption of NTS and MTS would increase SOC content and improve soil structure,and would not decline crop production.展开更多
针对目前玉米秸秆-土壤混合介质下土壤应力传递特性不明确的问题,以黄淮海麦玉一年两熟区土壤为研究对象,借助离散元仿真软件EDEM中Hertz-Mindlin with JKR接触模型,建立了0、30%、40%、50%含量的秸秆-土壤混合介质离散元模型。以室内...针对目前玉米秸秆-土壤混合介质下土壤应力传递特性不明确的问题,以黄淮海麦玉一年两熟区土壤为研究对象,借助离散元仿真软件EDEM中Hertz-Mindlin with JKR接触模型,建立了0、30%、40%、50%含量的秸秆-土壤混合介质离散元模型。以室内平板载荷试验为基础,对建立的秸秆-土壤混合模型进行离散元模拟仿真,通过控制加载板的施加力大小和作用时间记录不同加载状态下4种秸秆含量土壤颗粒的运动规律;同时,对土壤剖面进行分割,取土壤模型的3个不同深度土层,深度分别为40、90、140mm,进一步从仿真的角度揭示秸秆含量对土壤应力传递的影响。仿真结果表明:在秸秆-土壤混合介质中,秸秆通过减小土壤颗粒间接触面积来减小土壤间摩擦力以及改变土壤颗粒的运动方向等方式对土壤应力的传递起到阻碍作用;秸秆的添加会导致应力垂直传递减少,在40mm处各应力值比无秸秆时分别降低了21.7%、52.9%、67.2%;在同一施加力情况下,土壤应力随着作用时间的增加呈先降低后增加趋势,随秸秆含量的增加呈先增加后降低趋势。综合而言,适量的秸秆含量能够显著改善土壤的力学行为,当秸秆还田比例为10%~30%时土壤应力值最佳。展开更多
基金Supported by Huizhou Science and Technology Support Item(2011B040010010)
文摘It is an important way for realizing sustainable development of sweet corn production to stabilize and improve soil fertility of cultivated land in sweet corn production region.Through the test of sweet corn straw directly returning to the field after 6seasons for 3years,the results showed that continuous single application of chemical fertilizer is not conducive to the stability of soil fertility and yield improvement,and implementation of straw returning could receive fertility,improve soil acidic conditions,and enhance the yield of sweet corn.Compared with before the test,the single application of chemical fertilizer increased soil available phosphorus,while the contents of soil organic matter,available nitrogen and available potassium decreased by 1.08,1.18 and 2.47mg/kg respectively,and the soil pH decreased by 0.15.Under the same fertilizer conditions,organic matter contents of single and double-season straw returning increased by 0.71 and 1.29g/kg,available nitrogen increased by 17.15 and 28.27mg/kg,available phosphorus increased by 0.96 and 1.73mg/kg,available potassium increased by 2.41 and 5.92mg/kg,the soil pH increased by 0.16 and 0.2.Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer,the average yields of single and double-season straw returning increased by 7.5%and 11.8%,and their average income increased by 87.3and 117.1yuan of per mu(667m^2)respectively.
基金National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(40001012)Jilin Province Office of Science and Technology(20000564) Outstanding Youth Foundation of Jilin Province(2002-4-20-17).
文摘Spectroscopy measurements (Fourier transform infrared differential spectroscopy, Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, Matrix-assisted laser resorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry) were performed to study the humic acids of the soil applied with corn stalk. The results showed that after incorporation of corn stalks into the soil, the soil humic acid (HA) changed significantly in different stages. During first 60 days, new HAs were formed by polymerization and seems to be similar to that of initial HAs from composting corn stalk, some little molecular organic matters also reacted with soil HAs and turned into parts of soil HAs. After 60 days of the corn stalk residue incorporation, new HAs were formed by polymerization of decomposed lignin molecules, some methylenes transformed into methyls and methoxyls since the 90th day. Application of corn stalk led to the increase of aliphatic components in soil HAs, the decrease in aromatic components of soil HAs and the suppression in oxidation degree of soil HAs. The average molecular weight of soil HAs also declined because of application of corn stalk.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42077022)Key Research and Development Program of Jilin Province(20200402098NC).
文摘Corn straw return to the field is a vital agronomic practice for increasing soil organic carbon(SOC)and its labile fractions,as well as soil aggregates and organic carbon(OC)associated with water-stable aggregates(WSA).Moreover,the labile SOC fractions play an important role in OC turnover and sequestration.The aims of this study were to determine how different corn straw returning modes affect the contents of labile SOC fractions and OC associated with WSA.Corn straw was returned in the following depths:(1)on undisturbed soil surface(NTS),(2)in the 0–10 cm soil depth(MTS),(3)in the 0–20 cm soil depth(CTS),and(4)no corn straw applied(CK).After five years(2014–2018),soil was sampled in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm depths to measure the water-extractable organic C(WEOC),permanganate oxidizable C(KMnO4-C),light fraction organic C(LFOC),and WSA fractions.The results showed that compared with CK,corn straw amended soils(NTS,MTS and CTS)increased SOC content by 11.55%–16.58%,WEOC by 41.38%–51.42%,KMnO4-C and LFOC by 29.84%–34.09%and 56.68%–65.36%in the 0–40 cm soil depth.The LFOC and KMnO4-C were proved to be the most sensitive fractions to different corn straw returning modes.Compared with CK,soils amended with corn straw increased mean weight diameter by 24.24%–40.48%in the 0–20 cm soil depth.The NTS and MTS preserved more than 60.00%of OC in macro-aggregates compared with CK.No significant difference was found in corn yield across all corn straw returning modes throughout the study period,indicating that adoption of NTS and MTS would increase SOC content and improve soil structure,and would not decline crop production.
文摘针对目前玉米秸秆-土壤混合介质下土壤应力传递特性不明确的问题,以黄淮海麦玉一年两熟区土壤为研究对象,借助离散元仿真软件EDEM中Hertz-Mindlin with JKR接触模型,建立了0、30%、40%、50%含量的秸秆-土壤混合介质离散元模型。以室内平板载荷试验为基础,对建立的秸秆-土壤混合模型进行离散元模拟仿真,通过控制加载板的施加力大小和作用时间记录不同加载状态下4种秸秆含量土壤颗粒的运动规律;同时,对土壤剖面进行分割,取土壤模型的3个不同深度土层,深度分别为40、90、140mm,进一步从仿真的角度揭示秸秆含量对土壤应力传递的影响。仿真结果表明:在秸秆-土壤混合介质中,秸秆通过减小土壤颗粒间接触面积来减小土壤间摩擦力以及改变土壤颗粒的运动方向等方式对土壤应力的传递起到阻碍作用;秸秆的添加会导致应力垂直传递减少,在40mm处各应力值比无秸秆时分别降低了21.7%、52.9%、67.2%;在同一施加力情况下,土壤应力随着作用时间的增加呈先降低后增加趋势,随秸秆含量的增加呈先增加后降低趋势。综合而言,适量的秸秆含量能够显著改善土壤的力学行为,当秸秆还田比例为10%~30%时土壤应力值最佳。