东昆仑大格勒地区碱性杂岩体中辉石岩的年代学、地球化学、Sr-Nd同位素特征及其地质意义

近年团队在东昆仑大格勒地区发现了Nb、P矿化碱性杂岩体,并对杂岩体的岩石组合、岩石学特征及含矿性开展了研究,初步圈定了Nb、P矿化体,显示东昆仑具有寻找与碱性岩-碳酸岩型稀有稀土矿潜力。对碱性岩的形成时代、地球化学组成、矿物成分以及形成环境等方面的研究,不仅对重建东昆仑古构造环境具有重要的意义,还可推动东昆仑稀有金属成矿规律研究与找矿突破。本文在野外地质调查的基础上,选取杂岩体中重要的含矿辉石岩为研究对象,开展了单矿物电子探针原位分析、磷灰石和榍石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素研究。结果显示,东昆仑大格勒地区辉石岩的形成时代为418 Ma。辉石岩主要矿物中存在似长石(霞石)、碱性暗色矿物(富铁黑云母),单斜辉石为透辉石,角闪石为钙质角闪石(铁韭闪石),黑云母为铁质黑云母和镁质黑云母。岩石地球化学特征显示辉石岩具有富K(K_(2)O>Na_(2)O)、CaO含量高、轻稀土元素强烈富集、富集Rb、Ba、Sr等大离子亲石元素,不亏损Nb、Ta元素,亏损Zr、U、Ti等高场强元素的特征。全岩的(87Sr/86Sr)i为0.704058~0.704278,ε_(Nd)(t)为-0.4~-0.2。矿物组成、元素和同位素地球化学特征均指示大格勒辉石岩为钾质碱性岩,具有与OIB相似的特征,岩浆源区为EMⅠ型地幔端元。岩石的形成过程为母岩浆在相对较深的地幔源区经历了1%~3%较低程度的部分熔融作用,在上侵过程中经历了较强的分离结晶作用和微弱的同化混染作用,其形成时代为该地区岩浆活动最强烈的时期,可能与碰撞后软流圈地幔的上涌和岩石圈的强烈伸展相关。

东昆仑大格勒地区富铌橄榄岩矿物学、地球化学及Sr-Nd同位素特征

东昆仑大格勒地区碳酸岩-碱性杂岩富铌稀土矿化的发现,对青海省优质稀有稀土矿产的勘查及综合研究具有重要启示。本文以大格勒杂岩体中蛇纹石化富铌橄榄岩为研究对象,开展了矿物学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究。矿物学分析显示,富铌橄榄岩中铌矿物主要为铌易解石(Nb_(2)O_(5)=50.33%~52.50%)、铌钙矿(Nb_(2)O_(5)=48.20%~50.27%)、褐铈铌矿(Nb_(2)O_(5)=42.80%~43.45%)、Stefanweissite矿(Nb_(2)O_(5)=33.14%~34.78%),次为钛铁矿(Nb_(2)O_(5)=3.45%~4.89%)。样品具低SiO_(2)(20.16%~29.20%)和K_(2)O+Na_(2)O(0.02%~2.47%)含量,高Mg O(22.88%~27.69%)含量和Mg^(#)值(74~82),稀土元素总量较高(∑REE=772~1807μg/g),稀土元素配分模式强烈富集LREE、亏损HREE,Eu异常不明显(δEu=0.87~1.17)。原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图显示,样品富集Nb、Ta、Th、U、Sr、Pb,Nb含量高,为981~1753μg/g,平均1378μg/g,可能与晚阶段碳酸岩侵入流体交代作用有关。样品的(87Sr/86Sr)i值为0.70378~0.70396,ε_(Nd)(t)值为-0.49~0.31,岩浆源区可能为EMⅠ型地幔端元。综合区域构造背景,大格勒岩体中富铌橄榄岩的形成可能与该地区拉张环境下岩石圈的强烈伸展和软流圈地幔的上涌相关。

Sr含量对Al-Si合金显微组织和热导率的影响

以纯铝、Al-20Si和Al-10Sr中间合金为原料,Sr为变质剂(含量为0.01%、0.02%、0.04%和0.06%,质量分数),制备了Al-7Si-xSr、Al-12Si-xSr和Al-20Si-xSr合金,研究了Sr含量对Al-Si合金相变储热材料显微组织及热导率的影响。利用Hot Disk热常数分析仪测量合金的热导率,通过扫描电镜观察及分析合金的显微组织。结果表明:在Al-Si合金中添加变质元素Sr会影响合金的热导率,Al-7Si-0.04Sr合金热导率较Al-7Si合金增加了73.47 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),Al-20Si-0.04Sr合金的热导率较Al-20Si合金增加了24.09 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1),Al-12Si-0.04Sr合金的热导率较Al-12Si合金增加了17.79 W·m^(-1)·K^(-1)。铝硅合金热导率的增长主要与α(Al)、共晶硅和初晶硅的形貌有关。经过Sr变质之后,Al-7Si合金中共晶Si立体形貌均由片层状转变为珊瑚状,Al-12Si和Al-20Si合金中共晶Si立体形貌由片层状转变为枝条状;其中,Al-7Si合金中α(Al)尺寸明显减少、排列紧密,二次枝晶臂间距逐渐减小;Al-20Si合金中的初晶Si尺寸明显减小,其形貌由多角的大块状变为小块状;α(Al)形态的转变不仅能够为自由电子的传输提供快速通道,而且还会使得共晶Si的排列更加规则,减少自由电子发生散射的几率,对合金的热导率影响较大。共晶Si由片层状转变为珊瑚状或枝条状,增加电子的平均自由程,有利于电子的传输。Al-20Si合金的热导率与初晶Si的形态有着重要联系,大尺寸且形状完整的初晶Si会发生晶格振动,会提高合金的热导率。

超声处理对可降解Zn-0.5Sr合金组织及腐蚀性能的影响

以Zn-0.5Sr合金为对象,研究了不同超声功率(0、300、600、900 W)对Zn-0.5Sr合金显微组织及腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:Zn-0.5Sr合金经过超声处理后,铸态组织中SrZn13相由粗大的多边形转变为细小的块状,与未处理的合金相比较,对合金进行600 W超声处理后,合金的电化学腐蚀速率由2.078±0.141 mm/a增加至5.747±0.390 mm/a.当超声功率为600 W时,Zn-0.5Sr合金15、30 d的浸泡腐蚀速度分别为0.090±0.0021、0.074±0.0019 mm/a,是未经超声处理的1.88、1.95倍.

Reviewer Locator模块在科技期刊中的应用实践与发展前景——以《中国肺癌杂志》为例

科技期刊作为科技传播的重要力量,其对重要科研成果的发布速度影响着科学技术的传播效力,而编辑工作效率直接决定稿件发表周期,提高编辑工作效率是科技期刊发展的推进器。为此,从同行评议审稿人储备和遴选方面入手,重点阐述如何准确高效地多维度遴选优质审稿人,归纳并探析Reviewer Locator模块在科技期刊办刊工作中的实际应用经验,助力出版业实现质量更好、效率更高的发展。

四川甘洛铅锌矿集区闪锌矿Rb-Sr等时线年龄及其地质意义

四川甘洛铅锌矿集区位于扬子地块西南缘的川滇黔铅锌成矿带北段,是四川主要的铅锌产地,具有重要经济价值。为研究该矿集区铅锌成矿时代、成矿大地构造背景和成矿机制,以支撑区域找矿勘查,在区内选择赤普和尔呷地吉两个典型铅锌矿床开展闪锌矿Rb-Sr同位素体系研究,获得Rb-Sr等时线年龄246±17 Ma(MSWD=2.3),表明区内铅锌矿化作用发生于早三叠世,与古特提斯洋闭合时限吻合;闪锌矿(87Sr/86Sr)i值变化于0.71061~0.71393,高于幔源87Sr/86Sr值0.70355及峨眉山玄武岩87Sr/86Sr值0.704979~0.706938,低于基底岩石87Sr/86Sr值0.7243~0.7288,暗示成矿物质主要来源于地壳。综合前人研究,认为在古特提斯洋闭合背景下,强烈造山运动诱发盆地卤水深循环并萃取基底地层中的成矿物质,在峨眉山玄武岩岩浆活动的热动力条件下,含矿流体沿马拉哈断裂进一步迁移沉淀形成了赤普和尔呷地吉铅锌矿床。马拉哈深大断裂及造山作用派生的层间或断层破碎带、碳酸盐岩地层是甘洛地区主要的控矿要素。

基于深度SR模型的加密数字图像压缩与重构

针对图像压缩后降低存储空间的同时也降低图像分辨率的问题,提出一种基于深度超分辨率(SR)模型的加密数字图像压缩与重构方法。先对加密数字图像进行分割,然后针对分割后的图像子块进行编码压缩处理,并将经典的SR重构方法(稀疏编码法)与深度学习(卷积神经网络)进行结合,构建一种深度SR模型,并利用模型对图像进行压缩和解压,最后对解密后的数字图像进行重构。结果表明:图像压缩后较压缩前占据存储空间降低,压缩效果有所改善,经过深度SR模型重构后的数字图像分辨率相对更高,且峰值信噪比更高。

从裂变产物中快速萃取分离^(94)Sr的研究

为提高短寿命裂变产物核素^(94)Sr核参数的测量精度,需要快速从裂变靶中分离出较高活度的放化纯样品。本工作研究了SISAK系统快速分离Sr的工艺,建立了SISAK系统从裂变产物中快化分离^(94)Sr的流程。经热实验验证,靶量14μg的235U辐照20 s,可在100 s内获得^(94)Sr样品,并可测得明显且无干扰特征峰,流程对Sr的化学回收率大于80%,对主要干扰核素的去污因子均大于10~2。本研究采用“堆辐照+跑兔送样+SISAK分离”联用的技术,获得了可用于测量的^(94)Sr样品,对半衰期为分钟量级的裂变产物的核参数测定与衰变特性研究具有重要参考价值。

地质样品Sr-Pb柱分离的可行性研究

传统的Sr-Pb同位素分析一般需要Sr和Pb单独过柱,实验流程繁琐且费时。为优化实验流程、节约实验成本和提高实验效率,本文利用1 mL的Sr特效树脂分离柱探讨了Sr-Pb柱分离的可行性。实验结果表明,Sr-Pb柱分离法具有较低的化学全流程空白(Sr<0.3 ng和Pb<1 ng)和较高的Sr-Pb回收率(>90%),且能高效分离Rb和Sr,适合不同Rb/Sr值样品的高精度同位素组成分析。不同岩性的USGS岩石标样的Sr-Pb同位素组成在误差范围内均与推荐值一致,表明本实验方法稳定可靠。

基于最小剩余时间算法与SR-IOV技术的GPU资源优化调度方案

为了优化GPU资源利用率,文章提出了一种新型的GPU资源调度方案。该方案结合了最小剩余时间算法与SR-IOV(SingleRootI/OVirtualization)技术,可优化多用户、多任务环境下的GPU资源利用率和系统性能。传统的GPU调度方法往往面临资源利用不足、任务等待时间长和系统吞吐量受限等问题。为了应对这些挑战,该方案通过动态分析任务的剩余执行时间,利用SR-IOV技术实现了GPU资源的细粒度隔离与共享,可为更高效的资源分配和任务调度提供支持。实验结果表明,相较于传统的无调度、容器调度和常见机器学习调度方案,该方案在均值准确率、GPU利用率、系统吞吐量和任务执行时间等方面均具有一定的优势,可为多用户多任务场景下的GPU资源管理提供有益的参考。

甘蓝型油菜转录因子SRS基因家族的全基因组鉴定及表达分析

SRS(shi-related sequence)是植物特异的转录因子家族,在植物生长发育、激素信号转导和应对胁迫响应过程中发挥着重要的作用。为了研究SRS基因家族在甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)中潜在的生物学功能以及该基因家族在甘蓝型油菜形成过程中的进化,利用比较基因组学的方法,在甘蓝型油菜及二倍体祖先种白菜(B.rapa L.)和甘蓝(B.oleracea L.)中分别鉴定到38、16和20个SRS基因,并对其理化性质、系统发育关系、基因结构、基因共线性、顺式作用元件和表达模式进行分析。结果表明,所有鉴定的SRS蛋白被分为9个分支,且甘蓝型油菜SRS基因家族的进化过程中发生了内含子/外显子的丢失事件。Ka/Ks分析发现,SRS基因在重复事件后经历了纯化选择。在多数的SRS基因启动子中发现了分别与光响应、厌氧诱导和脱落酸响应相关的顺式作用元件,且甘蓝型油菜SRS基因启动子比二倍体祖先启动子含有更多的胚乳基因表达和光响应顺式作用元件。转录组分析发现,甘蓝型油菜SRS基因在不同处理下以不同的表达模式响应并表现出根部的优势表达。综上,本研究为了解甘蓝型油菜SRS基因家族功能和作用提供初步的理论依据,为甘蓝型油菜及其二倍体祖先之间基因进化的分子机制提供参考。

岩洞处置库围岩胶体对Sr^(2+)的吸附性能研究

岩洞处置环境中,围岩作为阻滞放射性核素进入环境的最后一道屏障,其在长期处置过程中产生的围岩胶体增大了核素迁移的风险。本文以围岩胶体和处置库拟处置的Sr^(2+)为研究对象,开展了围岩胶体稳定性及胶体对Sr^(2+)的吸附性能研究。稳定性研究表明:pH、温度及岩洞处置库地下水中部分离子均对围岩稳定性有影响,围岩胶体在处置库地下水环境中拥有良好的稳定性能。通过吸附试验,考察了时间、pH、不同离子等因素对吸附的影响,并对其吸附动力学及吸附等温模型进行了分析。结果显示:围岩胶体吸附Sr^(2+)在12 h达到平衡,平衡吸附量为41.79 mg·g^(-1);碱性环境下,吸附量随pH而增大;不同离子均对围岩胶体吸附Sr^(2+)有抑制作用,其阳离子抑制作用大于阴离子。围岩胶体对Sr^(2+)的吸附符合准二级动力学模型及Freundlich吸附等温模型。

SR9009联合吲哚丙酸通过核因子κB信号通路减轻C2C12成肌细胞的炎症反应

背景:钟基因Rev-erbα参与调节炎症,但激活Rev-erbα会增加心脑血管疾病风险。为降低相关风险,探索Rev-erbα激动剂SR9009联合其他药物来减轻骨骼肌成肌细胞炎症,奠定治疗炎症相关性骨骼肌萎缩的理论基础。目的:探讨脂多糖刺激C2C12成肌细胞时吲哚丙酸、SR9009与核因子κB信号通路的关系。方法:①1μg/mL脂多糖刺激C2C12成肌细胞,RNA转录组测序结合KEGG通路富集分析信号通路。②CCK-8法检测C2C12成肌细胞活性,筛选吲哚丙酸的最佳给药浓度;然后将细胞分为空白对照组、脂多糖(1μg/mL)组、SR9009(10μmol/L)+脂多糖组、吲哚丙酸(80μmol/L)+脂多糖组、吲哚丙酸+SR9009+脂多糖组,ELISA检测细胞上清液中白细胞介素6水平,RT-qPCR检测白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α、Toll样受体4、CD14 mRNA表达,Western blot检测NF-κB p65、p-NF-κB p65蛋白表达。③siRNA敲减Rev-erbα,RT-qPCR评估敲减效率,检测白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子αmRNA表达。结果与结论:①与空白对照组比较,脂多糖时间依赖性抑制成肌细胞融合形成肌管,白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子αmRNA表达水平升高,细胞上清液中白细胞介素6水平显著升高;KEGG通路分析支持脂多糖刺激激活核因子κB信号通路。②吲哚丙酸浓度>80μmol/L时抑制C2C12成肌细胞活性;吲哚丙酸和SR9009通过抑制核因子κB信号通路发挥抗炎作用,降低白细胞介素6、肿瘤坏死因子α、Toll样受体4、CD14 mRNA表达水平,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65蛋白表达比值低于脂多糖组。SR9009联合吲哚丙酸显著降低脂多糖诱导的炎症,Toll样受体4、CD14、白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子αmRNA表达水平进一步下调,p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65蛋白表达比值显著低于吲哚丙酸+脂多糖组和SR9009+脂多糖组。③Rev-erbα随脂多糖刺激时间依赖性升高;siRNA敲减Rev-erbα效率达58%以上,成功敲减Rev-erbα后添加脂多糖,白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子αmRNA表达较脂多糖组显著上调。④结果说明,Rev-erbα可以作为调节炎症反应的靶点,SR9009靶向激活Rev-erbα联合吲哚丙酸能抑制核因子κB信号通路显著减轻C2C12成肌细胞的炎症反应,联合抗炎效果优于单独干预。

The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An umbrella review

Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults.Methods:Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 years.Results:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion criteria.The methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were generated.We found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength.We discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle mass.There was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical function.Conclusion:Overall,RT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no exercise.RT intensity(load)and weekly frequency impacted RT-induced increases in muscular strength but not muscle hypertrophy.RT volume(number of sets)influenced muscular strength and hypertrophy.

90Sr在微风化二长花岗岩中迁移实验及模拟研究

采用加压的方式,利用动态柱实验方法,通过3H、90Sr在微风化二长花岗岩中的穿透曲线,研究了90Sr在微风化二长花岗岩中的迁移规律,获得90Sr在微风化二长花岗岩中的迁移参数。实验中控制流速为1 mL/h,3H总活度为10^(4)Bq,迁移实验进行了120 h,3H浓度峰值出现在8.0 h,活度浓度峰值为213.4 kBq/L,穿透曲线无明显拖尾现象;90Sr总活度为5×10^(4)Bq,迁移实验进行了132 d,90Sr浓度峰值出现在27.4 d,活度浓度峰值为46.26 kBq/L,浓度下降阶段呈现明显的拖尾现象。利用数值模拟方法,基于3H的穿透曲线计算得到微风化二长花岗岩的垂向弥散度为3.03 cm;对比了平衡模型、双点吸附模型、两区模型、双点吸附两区模型四种模型下90Sr在微风化二长花岗岩中的迁移拟合结果,发现四种模型拟合结果相差较大,其中双点吸附两区模型通过引入非流动区含水量、溶质交换一级速率系数、非平衡吸附一级速率系数等参数能够更好地描述核素在微风化二长花岗岩介质迁移过程中的拖尾现象。结果表明:90Sr在微风化二长花岗岩中的吸附分配系数为1.23 mL/g,溶质交换一级速率系数为0.227/d,非平衡吸附一级速率系数为0.118/d。

基于SR-Net的视网膜内积液分割

糖尿病性黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema,DME)是视网膜上毛细血管渗漏的液体在细胞间隙聚集引起的中央视网膜肿胀。基于眼底光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)图像的黄斑区积液检测在DME治疗方面具有重要的作用。因此,提出了一种分割网络SR-Net,以实现在OCT图像上自动分割视网膜内积液(intraretinal fluid,IRF)。SR-Net以Res2Net为主干,并引入了空间通道压缩和激发(spatial and channel squeeze&excitation,scSE)模块、平行解码器等结构。基于Kermany数据集的实验结果表明,SR-Net分割IRF的平均Dice系数、灵敏度、特异性分别为75.20%、77.56%、99.98%,最大Dice系数可达88.19%,证明了SR-Net的有效性。

Genesis of the Nuri Cu-W-Mo Deposit,Tibet,China:Constraints from in situ Trace Elements and Sr Isotopic Analysis of Scheelite

The Nuri deposit is the only Cu-W-Mo polymetallic deposit with large-scale WO3 resources in the eastern section of the Gangdese metallogenic belt,Tibet,China.However,the genetic type of this deposit has been controversial since its discovery.Based on a study of the geological characteristics of the deposit,this study presents mineralization stages,focusing on the oxide stage and the quartz-sulfide stage where scheelite is mainly formed,referred to as Sch-A and Sch-B,respectively.Through LA-ICP-MS trace element and Sr isotope analyses,the origin,evolutionary process of the oreforming fluid and genesis of the ore deposit are investigated.Scanning Electron Microscope-Cathodoluminescence(SEMCL)observations reveal that Sch-A consists of three generations,with dark gray homogenous Sch-A1 being replaced by relatively lighter and homogeneous Sch-A2 and Sch-A3,with Sch-A2 displaying a gray CL image color with vague and uneven growth bands and Sch-A3 has a light gray CL image color with hardly any growth band.In contrast,Sch-B exhibits a‘core-rim’structure,with the core part(Sch-B1)being dark gray and displaying a uniform growth band,while the rim part(Sch-B2)is light gray and homogeneous.The normalized distribution pattern of rare earth elements in scheelite and Sr isotope data suggest that the early ore-forming fluid in the Nuri deposit originated from granodiorite porphyry and,later on,some country rock material was mixed in,due to strong water-rock interaction.Combining the O-H isotope data further indicates that the ore-forming fluid in the Nuri deposit originated from magmatic-hydrothermal sources,with contributions from metamorphic water caused by water-rock interaction during the mineralization process,as well as later meteoric water.The intense water-rock interaction likely played a crucial role in the precipitation of scheelite,leading to varying Eu anomalies in different generations of scheelite from the oxide stage to the quartz-sulfide stage,while also causing a gradual decrease in oxygen fugacity(fO2)and a slow rise in pH value.Additionally,the high Mo and low Sr contents in the scheelite are consistent with typical characteristics of magmatic-hydrothermal scheelite.Therefore,considering the geological features of the deposit,the geochemical characteristics of scheelite and the O-H isotope data published previously,it can be concluded that the genesis of the Nuri deposit belongs to porphyry-skarn deposit.

Neurophysiological, histological, and behavioral characterization of animal models of distraction spinal cord injury: a systematic review

Distraction spinal cord injury is caused by some degree of distraction or longitudinal tension on the spinal cord and commonly occurs in patients who undergo corrective operation for severe spinal deformity.With the increased degree and duration of distraction,spinal cord injuries become more serious in terms of their neurophysiology,histology,and behavior.Very few studies have been published on the specific characteristics of distraction spinal cord injury.In this study,we systematically review 22 related studies involving animal models of distraction spinal cord injury,focusing particularly on the neurophysiological,histological,and behavioral characteristics of this disease.In addition,we summarize the mechanisms underlying primary and secondary injuries caused by distraction spinal cord injury and clarify the effects of different degrees and durations of distraction on the primary injuries associated with spinal cord injury.We provide new concepts for the establishment of a model of distraction spinal cord injury and related basic research,and provide reference guidelines for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Liquefaction susceptibility and deformation characteristics of saturated coral sandy soils subjected to cyclic loadings-a critical review

Coral sandy soils widely exist in coral island reefs and seashores in tropical and subtropical regions.Due to the unique marine depositional environment of coral sandy soils,the engineering characteristics and responses of these soils subjected to monotonic and cyclic loadings have been a subject of intense interest among the geotechnical and earthquake engineering communities.This paper critically reviews the progress of experimental investigations on the undrained behavior of coral sandy soils under monotonic and cyclic loadings over the last three decades.The focus of coverage includes the contractive-dilative behavior,the pattern of excess pore-water pressure(EPWP)generation and the liquefaction mechanism and liquefaction resistance,the small-strain shear modulus and strain-dependent shear modulus and damping,the cyclic softening feature,and the anisotropic characteristics of undrained responses of saturated coral sandy soils.In particular,the advances made in the past decades are reviewed from the following aspects:(1)the characterization of factors that impact the mechanism and patterns of EPWP build-up;(2)the identification of liquefaction triggering in terms of the apparent viscosity and the average flow coefficient;(3)the establishment of the invariable form of strain-based,stress-based,or energy-based EPWP ratio formulas and the unique relationship between the new proxy of liquefaction resistance and the number of cycles required to reach liquefaction;(4)the establishment of the invariable form of the predictive formulas of small strain modulus and strain-dependent shear modulus;and(5)the investigation on the effects of stress-induced anisotropy on liquefaction susceptibility and dynamic deformation characteristics.Insights gained through the critical review of these advances in the past decades offer a perspective for future research to further resolve the fundamental issues concerning the liquefaction mechanism and responses of coral sandy sites subjected to cyclic loadings associated with seismic events in marine environments.

松嫩沙地元素和Sr-Nd同位素组成特征及其对区域粉尘物源的指示

松嫩沙地位于欧亚黄土带最东端,其物质组成的研究有利于重建松嫩平原冰期—间冰期粉尘传输路径。为此,系统采集了松嫩沙地123个河流沙和风成沙样品,对其进行分粒级的常量、微量和稀土元素以及Sr-Nd同位素组成等地球化学分析,并利用Frequentist模型进行风尘物源定量重建,探讨松嫩沙地不同区域、不同粒级组分对哈尔滨黄土的贡献及搬运路径。结果表明,松嫩沙地经历了初级的化学风化过程(<63μm、<30μm、<10μm组分CIA平均值分别为55.20、57.46、57.51),有较低的再循环历史(<63μm、<30μm、<10μm组分CIA/WIP比值的平均值为0.98、1.08、1.04)。根据不同粒度组分的元素地球化学与Sr-Nd同位素组成特征,将松嫩沙地划分为西北部和西南部两个地球化学分区。不同粒度组分地球化学组成的定量重建结果表明,这两个分区不同粒级组分(<63μm、<30μm、<10μm)对哈尔滨黄土的贡献度分别为:75.7%~88.5%、73.4%~84.9%、61.0%~89.7%(西南部)和11.5%~24.3%、15.1%~26.6%、10.3%~39%(西北部)。本研究揭示了末次冰期以来松嫩平原粉尘传输路径以西南方向为主,与冰期以西北风为主导的环流模式存在差异。