Poly [ (chloromethyl) styrene-co-divinylbenzene] Continuous Rod Column of Weak Cation Exchange Chromatography and its Applications in the Separation of Biopolymers

Macroporous poly [(chloromethyl) styrene-co-divinylbenzene] continuous rod was prepared by direct polymerization of the monomers in the presence of a porogenic diluent inside an empty chromatographic column. A new 'in-situ' technique was used to modify the synthesized polymer rod for a weak cation exchanger and it has been used successfully for the separation of biopolymers. It was found that the back pressure of the continuous rod column was much lower and its surface was proved to be modified well.

Refolding of Denatured/Reduced Lysozyme Using Weak-Cation Exchange Chromatography

Oxidative refolding of the denatured/reduced lysozyme was investigated by using weak-cation exchange chromatography (WCX). The stationary phase of WCX binds to the reduced lysozyme and prevented it from forming intermolecular aggregates. At the same time urea and ammonium sulfate were added to the mobile phase to increase the elution strength for lysozyme. Ammonium sulfate can more stabilize the native protein than a common eluting agent, sodium chloride. Refolding of lysozyme by using this WCX is successfully. It was simply carried out to obtain a completely and correctly refolding of the denatured lysozyme at high concentration of 20.0 mg/mL.

Refolding with Simultaneous Purification of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor from Escherichia coli Using Strong Anion Exchange Chromatography

The urea denatured recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG- CSF) which was expressed in Escheriachia coli (E. coli) was refolded with simultaneous purification by strong anion exchange chromatography (SAX) in the presence of low concentration- of urea. The effect of urea concentration on this refolding process was investigated. The obtained refolded rhG-CSF has a high specific activity of 2.3×108 U/mg, demonstrating that the proteins were completely refolded during the chromatographic process. With only one step by SAX in 40 min, purity and mass recovery of the refolded and purified rhG-CSF were 97% and 43%, respectively.

A novel protein refolding method integrating ion exchange chromatography with artificial molecular chaperone

Artificial molecular chaperone （AMC） and ion exchange chromatography （IEC） were integrated, thus a new refolding method, artificial molecular chaperone-ion exchange chromatography （AMC-IEC） was developed. Compared with AMC and IEC, the activity recovery of lysozyme obtained by AMC-IEC was much higher in the investigated range of initial protein concentrations, and the results show that AMC-IEC is very efficient for protein refolding at high concentrations. When the initial concentration of lysozyme is 180 mg/mL, its activity recovery obtained by AMC-IEC is still as high as 76.6%, while the activity recoveries obtained by AMC and IEC are 45.6% and 42.4%, respectively.

Denatured Thermodynamics of Proteins in Weak Cation-exchange Chromatography

The thermostability of some proteins in weak cation-exchange chromatography was investigated at 20-80 ℃. The results show that there is a fixed thermal denaturation transition temperature for each protein. The appearance of the thermal transition temperature indicates that the conformations of the proteins are destroyed seriously. The thermal behavior of the proteins in weak cation-exchange and hydrophobic interaction chromatographies were compared in a wide temperature range. It was found that the proteins have a higher thermostability in a weak cation-exchange chromatography system. The thermodynamic parameters(Δ H 0, Δ S 0) of those proteins were determined by means of Vant Hoff relationship(ln k -1/ T ). According to standard entropy change(Δ S 0), the conformational change of the proteins was judged in the chromatographic process. The linear relationships between Δ H 0 and Δ S 0 can be used to evaluate 'compensation temperature'( β ) at the protein denaturation and identify the identity of the protein retention mechanism in weak cation-exchange chromatography.

Impact of Hydrogen Ion Concentration on Amino Acids Composition of Macadamia Protein: Approached Using Cation-Exchange Chromatography

In the present context, the objective of this study was to synthesize and analyze the content of AA of macadamia protein and the impact of hydrogen ion concentration (pH) on AA composition. The determination of AA mainly by cation-exchange chromatography was also investigated. Reproducible and reliable techniques for quantification and identification of AA usually require derivatization. However, techniques such as AA analyzer are composed of cation-exchange chromatography and other components can sideline the derivatization with significant accuracy. The present analysis revealed a higher concentration of essential amino acids especially acidic AA, Glu and Asp and basic AA, Arg than other AA in macadamia protein. The study constitutes first report of use of bubble chart for evaluation of AA and explaination of AAS. The results may elaborate that the degradation of AA of macadamia protein for extraction of pH 11 is caused by the impact of pH. Moreover, the nutritional values of AA present in macadamia protein could change for the better by adjusting pH of extraction.

Acarbose Isolation with Gel Type Strong Acid Cation Exchange Resin： Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies

Acarbose, a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, is widely used as an oral anti-diabetic drug for the treatment of the type 2, non-insulin-dependent diabetes. In this work, a gel type strong acid cation exchange resin 001×4 was applied to isolate acarbose from fermentation broth. It was demonstrated that cation exchanger 001×4 displayed a large adsorption capacity and quick exchange rate for acarbose. The static adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir equation. Column adsorption experiments demonstrated that high dynamic adsorption capacity was reached at bed height of 104.4 mm, feed flow rate of 1.0 ml·min 1and acarbose concentration of 4.0 mg·ml 1.Under the optimized conditions, the column chromatography packed with cation exchanger 001×4 recovered 74.3%(by mass) of acarbose from Actinoplanes utahensis ZJB-08196 fermentation broth with purity of 80.1%(by mass),demonstrating great potential in the practical applications in acarbose separation.

Elution Behaviour of Monocarboxylic Acids on a Cation-exchange Resin Column

The retention mechanism of monocarboxylic acids on a cation-exchange resin column was investigated. It was assumed that both Donnan membrane equilibrium and adsorption equilibrium were involved in the chromatographic process. On the basis of the proposed mechanism, an equation was derived for correlating distribution coefficient, Kd, dissociation constant, Aa, and adsorption equilibrium constant, K, of the analyzed acid. By this approach, retention data for some aliphatic acids under different operating conditions were predicted. Results are reasonably in agreement with experiment.

“Grafting from”法制备高载量大孔弱阳离子交换层析介质

针对大孔聚合物层析介质孔径大、比表面积低而导致的蛋白结合容量低的问题,采用“graftingfrom”策略,以大孔聚丙烯酸酯微球为基质,通过氧化还原引发甲基丙烯酸在微球表面接枝聚合,制备了高载量弱阳离子交换层析介质.研究了单体浓度、过硫酸钾浓度及反应温度等因素对蛋白结合容量的影响.所得介质的蛋白静态结合容量和动态结合容量分别达到252.21和157.25mg/mL;同时发现具有一定离子交换容量的该类介质能够在0.2 mol/L NaCl缓冲液中保持100 mg/mL的蛋白结合容量.将该层析介质用于鸡卵清中溶菌酶的纯化,获得了较高的纯化效率.

Synthesis of Monodisperse Poly(chloromethylstyrene divinylbenzene)Particle and Its Applications

Monodisperse poly (chloromethylstyrene divinylbenzene) particles were prepared by a two-step swelling method. It was demonstrated that the packings have comparative advantages for biopolymer separation with high column efficiency, low interstitial volume and low back pressure to the packings prepared with suspension polymerization method. Using size exclusionchromatography and weak ion exchange chromatography as examples, it was shown that these packings could be modified chemically more easily than poly (styrene divinylbenzene) packings.

ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION OF ALKALOIDS FROM PLUMULA NELUMBINIS BY DOUBLE-COLUMN ADSORPTION CHROMOTOGRAPHY

The performance of adsorption and separation for liensinine, isoliensinine and neferine was studied by double-column adsorption chromatography using macroporous adsorption and cation exchange resins. The alkaloid extract with 49.2% total contents by mass representing 10.6% liensinine, 10.6% isoliensinine and 28.0% neferine respectively was prepared by D72 cation exchange resins, in which most of the impurities were water-soluble alkaloids. Furthermore,the alkaloid extract with 82.6% total contents by mass containing 33.1%, 15.0% and 34.5% of the three adsorbates respectively was prepared by double-column adsorption chromatography using AKS-W macroporous adsorption and D72 cation exchange resins. As a result, the content of single and total alkaloids has been greatly increased by the double-column adsorption chromatography.

基于阳离子交换的固相萃取与液相色谱-串联质谱法联用分析污水中的17种非法药物

建立了一种基于阳离子交换的固相萃取与液相色谱串联质谱联用的方法,应用于污水中苯丙胺、吗啡、芬太尼等17种非法药物的同时、快速分析。pH值为2.0时,污水样品中的非法药物经MCX固相萃取柱富集后,由5%的氨水甲醇溶液洗脱,氮吹干后用20%甲醇水溶液复溶。以AQ C18色谱柱为分离柱,电喷雾正离子模式电离,多反应监测模式测定,内标法定量。方法详细考察了固相萃取柱的种类、污水样品的pH值、定容体积对非法药物回收率及峰面积的影响。在最优的分析条件下,17种非法药物的检出限为0.03~6.87 ng·L^(-1),三个不同浓度水平的加标回收率为85.3%~110%,相对标准偏差(n=6)为2.0%~13%。方法灵敏度高,可应用于污水中苯丙胺、芬太尼等17种非法药物的同时分析。

离子色谱法测定硝酸羟胺水溶液的含量

通过对色谱柱和流动相洗脱条件的优化,建立了一种检测硝酸羟胺水溶液含量的离子色谱法。在3 mmol/L甲基磺酸等度洗脱条件下,样品经IonPac CS12A阳离子交换柱分离,采用抑制型电导检测器进行检测。在40~200 mg/L质量浓度范围内,盐酸羟胺离子色谱峰面积与其质量浓度呈良好的线性关系(相关系数R^(2)=0.9991)。根据盐酸羟胺标准曲线计算得出硝酸羟胺质量浓度,结果表明,硝酸羟胺检出限为6.32 mg/L,该方法在30~101 mg/L加标量下的回收率大于97%,其性能指标可满足硝酸羟胺水溶液的含量分析。

SCX-SPE结合UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS分析草乌中的四类二萜生物碱

目的对草乌中的二萜生物碱进行表征分析。方法以强酸性阳离子交换树脂固相萃取(SCX-SPE)分离纯化草乌中的二萜生物碱,并结合超高效液相色谱串联四极杆静电场轨道阱质谱(UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS)进行结构鉴定。结果结合精确分子质量、多级质谱裂解规律、对照品对比、Clog P值及文献报道,共从草乌中鉴定了99个二萜生物碱类成分,包括双酯型二萜生物碱(DDA)27个,单酯型二萜生物碱(MDA)29个,酰胺型二萜生物碱(ADA)40个,多酯型二萜生物碱(PDA)2个,以及长链型二萜生物碱(LDA)1个。结论本文所建立的SCX-SPE结合UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS方法能快速地鉴定草乌中的二萜生物碱类成分,可为草乌的药效物质基础及质量控制研究提供科学依据。

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离串联质谱法测定农产品中的井冈霉素

建立了超高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离串联质谱技术测定农产品中井冈霉素残留的分析方法。样品用甲醇-10 mM乙酸铵水溶液(7/3,v/v,pH5.5)提取,经硅藻土结合混合型阳离子交换柱(mixed cation exchange column,PCX)净化,采用亲水作用色谱(hydrophilic interaction chromatography,HILIC)梯度洗脱分离,电喷雾电离源(electrospray ionization,ESI),多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring,MRM)扫描。井冈霉素在1~40μg/L线性范围内,线性关系良好(r>0.995),方法定量限10μg/kg,在1倍、2和10倍定量限3个浓度添加水平下,果蔬类添加回收率在85.06%~94.73%之间,重复性精密度在4.80%~5.92%之间;粮谷类添加回收率在79.26%~89.12%之间,重复性精密度在4.88%~6.01%之间。该方法灵敏度高、准确度高、重现性好,适用于果蔬、粮谷等多种农产品井冈霉素的检测。

阴阳离子交换色谱串联分离纯化苦瓜籽核糖体失活蛋白

将阴阳离子交换色谱柱在灌注色谱工作站上串联,使苦瓜籽粗提液中未被阴离子色谱柱吸附的蛋白质直接在阳离子色谱柱上吸附,用盐线性梯度洗脱从阳离子色谱柱上分离出两个具有抗真菌活性的蛋白。两个抗真菌蛋白经鉴定都达到了电泳纯,相对分子质量均为30000左右,N 端氨基酸序列分别为DVSFRLSGADPRSYGMFI与DVNFDLSTATAK,表明所得到的两种蛋白为苦瓜籽中的2个Ⅰ型核糖体失活蛋白α 苦瓜素(α MMC)和β 苦瓜素(β MMC)。抗菌实验表明,α MMC对香蕉枯萎菌和果腐霉菌均具有较强的抑制作用,β MMC对果腐霉菌有较强的抑制作用,而α MMC和β MMC对白绢菌的抑制活性均不明显。采用串联色谱,α MMC和β MMC的质量回收率分别为13 8%和8 0%。

高效弱阳离子交换色谱法对脲还原变性溶菌酶的折叠研究

用高效弱阳离子交换色谱(HPWCX)对脲还原变性溶菌酶(Lys)进行了复性研究.在流动相中脲浓度固定为4.0mol?L-1和选用对天然态蛋白有稳定作用的硫酸铵为盐或置换剂时,在蛋白浓度为15.0～50.0mg?mL-1时,HPWCX法比稀释法活性回收率高.为了提高Lys的质量及活性回收率对所用色谱条件进行了优化研究,当蛋白起始浓度为20.0mg?mL-1时,Lys的质量回收率和活性收率分别为97.8%和95.4%.表明此种方法简便且有可能对其他还原变性蛋白的复性具有通用性.

基于QuEChERS前处理技术和弱阳离子交换色谱的牛奶和奶粉中三聚氰胺的快速检测方法

应用QuEChERS前处理技术,并结合弱阳离子交换色谱,建立了牛奶和奶粉中三聚氰胺的快速检测方法。样品使用医用酒精（乙醇含量75%）和一种新型脂肪吸附（LAS）材料超声振荡处理,在沉淀（吸附）蛋白质和脂肪的同时提取三聚氰胺,然后经8 000r/min离心,上清液过膜直接分析。色谱分析在弱阳离子交换色谱柱（WCX）上进行,采用2mmol/L pH为3.8的磷酸二氢钾水溶液为流动相,在5min内实现分离分析。结果表明,该方法在0.02~20mg/L内线性相关系数大于0.999 9。在1~50mg/kg添加浓度范围内,牛奶的平均回收率为98.9%~105.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.9%~3.4%;奶粉的平均回收率为86.4%~102.9%,RSD为1.5%~6.7%。本方法的检出限为0.05mg/kg（牛奶）和0.1mg/kg（奶粉）。整个分析检测过程没有使用有毒有害有机溶剂,是一种绿色的分析方法。

凝胶层析和离子交换层析结合法纯化高盐发酵液中谷氨酰胺转胺酶

采用凝胶层析和离子交换层析相结合的方法分离纯化高盐培养基中的谷氨酰胺转胺酶,优化的凝胶层析的条件,上样量6 mL,流速为0.25 mL/min;离子交换层析的上样量50 mL,流速为3 mL/min。酶被纯化了4.22倍,比活力达17.33 U/mg蛋白,回收率为77.5%。液相色谱-串联质谱鉴定、蛋白质数据库比对结果表明,纯酶与AAN01353是同种蛋白质。

阿左旗地方性砷中毒病区环境水中砷的化学形态中子活化分析

研究了无机砷、甲基胂酸 (MMA)和二甲基胂酸 (DMA)分离富集的最佳条件。使用没有经过照射的砷化合物 (单一的或混合的 )配制的模拟水样 ,用Fe(OH) 3 共沉淀和离子交换色层法与中子活化法相结合进行了分离和测定。由于无机砷能以盐基砷酸铁的形式被Fe(OH) 3 共沉淀 ,而有机胂不能 ,从而实现了两者的分离。用Dowex 5 0w× 8强酸型阳离子交换树脂分离MMA和DMA ,实际水样的加标回收率为 96.4 %及 10 3%。结果表明 :本方法简单、快捷 ,适用于环境水中砷的化学形态分析。