Morphological Investigation of Genus <i>Ziziphus</i>Mill. (Rhamnaceae) in Saudi Arabia

The genus Ziziphus Mill. is a member of the Family Rhamnaceae and comprises of ca. 170 species distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. The species in the genus are of economic and medicinal importance. This study was conducted to identify the members of the genus in Saudi Arabia as well as morphological features that show delimitation in the genus. Field survey was conducted across the study area where 74 individuals were collected and used in the study;additionally, herbarium specimens were also employed. Both floral and vegetative parts which include habit, leaf, fruit and flowers were examined. The result showed that there is variation in morphological features among the species within the genus and the genus is represented by three species namely Ziziphus nummularia, Z. mucronata, and Z. spina-christi and two varieties Z. spina-christi var. spina-christi, Z. spina-christi var. microphylla.

鲜食枣丰产栽培技术

枣（Ziziphus jujuba Mill.）为鼠李科（Rhamnaceae）枣属（Ziziphus Mill）,原产中国,种质资源丰富,栽培历史悠久,是我国重要的经济林树种和特色果树。鲜食枣的含糖量居各类果品之首,含糖在20%以上,鲜食枣已成为我国枣资源的重要部分,但由于受保鲜技术的限制,鲜食枣在我国始终处于零星栽植的状况。

Hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic extract of Ziziphus oenoplia(L.)Mill roots against antitubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity in experimental models

Objective:To evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of ethanolic(50%) extract of Ziziphus oenoplia(L.) Mill(Z.oenoplia) root against isoniazid(INH) and rifampicin(RIF) induced liver damage in animal models.Methods:Five groups of six rats each were selected for the study.Ethanolic extract at a dose of 150 and 300 mg/kg as well as silymarin(100 mg/kg) were administered orally once daily for 21 d in INH + RIF treated groups.The serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT),glutamate pyruvate transaminase(SGPT),alkaline phosphatase (SALP),and bilirubin were estimated along with activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase, glutathione S-transferase,glutathione peroxidase,and hepatic melondialdehyde formation. Histopathological analysis was carried out to assess injury to the liver.Result:The considerably elevated serum enzymatic activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase,glutamate pyruvate transaminase,alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin due to INH + RIF treatment were restored towards norma) in a dose dependent manner after the treatment with ethanolic extract of Z.oenoplia roots.Meanwhile,the decreased activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase, glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase were also restored towards normal dose dependency.In addition,ethanolic extract also significantly prevented the elevation of hepatic melondialdehyde formation in the liver of INH + RIF intoxicated rats in a dose dependent manner. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination of rat liver sections.Conclusions:The results of this study slrongly indicate that ethanolic extract of Z.oenoplia has a potent hepatoprotective action against INH + RIF induced hepatic damage in rats.

Studies on Chemical Constituent of Zizyphus Jujuba in Hebei China

Introduction Jujuba is the fruit of Zizyphus genus(Rhamnaceae) which has been used as a crude drug. Now quite a lot of botanists, chemists and pharmacologists at home and abroad have been deeply interested in the studies on it. Besides the studies on its fruit, a great deal of research work on its other parts has been done So far more

New spinosin derivatives from the seeds of Ziziphus mauritiana

Three new acylated flavonoid C-glycosides,6'''-(-)-phaseoylspinosin(1),6'''-(3'''',4'''',5''''-trimethoxyl)-(E)-cinnamoylspinosin(2),and 6'''-(4''''-O-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl)-benzoylspinosin(3),were isolated from the seeds of Ziziphus mauritiana(Rhamnaceae).A further 19 known compounds including eight spinosin analogues(4-11)were also isolated.Their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic analysis and chemical method.Among spinosin derivatives 1,2,4,7,8,and triterpenoid saponin 14,jujuboside A(14)displayed moderate acetylcholinesterase(AchE)inhibitory activity with an inhibition value of 46.2%at a concentration of 1μM.

Anti-infective, cytotoxic and antioxidant activity of Ziziphus oxyphylla and Cedrela serrata

Objective: To search for the most active antimicrobial and antioxidant sub-fractions related to traditional use of Ziziphus oxyphylla(Z. oxyphylla) and Cedrela serrata(C. serrata) in Pakistan against infectious and liver diseases.Methods: Factions of different polarity were tested in vitro for their antiprotozoal,antimalarial, antibacterial and antifungal activity against different pathogens. Cytotoxicity on MRC-5 cell lines(human lung fibroblasts) as well as, in vitro radical scavenging activity was evaluated using the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical assay.Results: The highest antiprotozoal activity was observed for the CHCl3 fractions of Z. oxyphylla roots and leaves, and C. serrata bark. The CHCl3 and Et OAc fractions of Z. oxyphylla roots, the CHCl3 fraction of Z. oxyphylla leaves, the Et OAc and the residual Me OH: H2 O fraction of C. serrata bark showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The same residual Me OH: H2 O fraction of C. serrata bark was active against Candida albicans. The highest antioxidant activity was observed for the more hydrophilic Et OAc fractions of Z. oxyphylla leaves, C. serrata bark and leaves, and the residual Me OH: H2 O fraction of C. serrata bark.Conclusions: This study supports at least in part the traditional uses of these plants for antimicrobial purposes and against liver diseases.

一种青枣树截留主干塑型的方法

1、背景技术青枣(Zizyphus mauritianaLam)为鼠李科(Rhamnaceae)枣属(Zizyphus)植物,热带亚热带常绿或半落叶性阔叶灌木或小乔木。青枣是典型的阳性植物,整个生长期对光照都有很高的要求,阴蔽条件下生长不好。因此,光照时间的长短成为青枣是否能速生、早结、丰产的重要指标。