Objective:To elucidate the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts using RAW264.7 cells.Methods:We used 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay to measure ce...Objective:To elucidate the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts using RAW264.7 cells.Methods:We used 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay to measure cell viability.Nitric oxide(NO)production was measured using Griess reagent.Western blotting and RT-PCR assays were carried out for analyzing the protein and gene expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators,respectively.Moreover,PD98059(ERK1/2 inhibitor),SB203580(p38 inhibitor),SP600125(JNK inhibitor),and BAY11-7082(NF-κB inhibitor)were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Rhamnus crenata leaf extract.Results:Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts significantly inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO,iNOS,COX-2,IL-1β,and TNF-αin lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts also suppressed LPS-induced degradation of IκB-αand nuclear accumulation of p65,which resulted in the inhibition of NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells.Additionally,the extracts attenuated the phosphorylation of p38,ERK1/2,and JNK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Moreover,HO-1 expression induced by Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts was significantly downregulated by SB230580,PD98059,SP600125 and BAY11-7082.Conclusions:Rhamnus crenata leaf extract may upregulate HO-1 expression through inhibition of p38,ERK1/2,and NF-κB activation,which may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts.Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts may have great potential for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs to treat acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.展开更多
Biological invasion is considered among the most important global environmental problems.Knowledge of the source and dispersal routes of invasion could facilitate the eradication and control of invasive species.Soybea...Biological invasion is considered among the most important global environmental problems.Knowledge of the source and dispersal routes of invasion could facilitate the eradication and control of invasive species.Soybean aphid,Aphis glycines,is among the most destructive soybean pests.For effective management of this pest,we conducted genetic analyses and approximate Bayesian computation analysis to determine the origins and dispersal of the aphid species,as well as the source of its invasion in the USA,using 8 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene.We were able to identify a significant isolation by distance pattern and 3 genetic lineages in the microsatellite data but not in the mtDNA dataset.The genetic structure showed that the USA population had the closest relationship with those from Korea and Japan,indicating that the 2 latter populations might be the sources of the invasion to the USA.Both population genetic analyses and approximate Bayesian computation showed that the northeastern populations in China were the possible sources of the further spread of A.glycines to Indonesia.The dispersal history of this aphid can provide useful information for pest management strategies and can further help predict areas at risk of invasion.展开更多
基金supported by the research project of the National Institute of Forest Science(project No.FP0400-2019-01-2022).
文摘Objective:To elucidate the potential anti-inflammatory mechanisms of Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts using RAW264.7 cells.Methods:We used 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay to measure cell viability.Nitric oxide(NO)production was measured using Griess reagent.Western blotting and RT-PCR assays were carried out for analyzing the protein and gene expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators,respectively.Moreover,PD98059(ERK1/2 inhibitor),SB203580(p38 inhibitor),SP600125(JNK inhibitor),and BAY11-7082(NF-κB inhibitor)were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of Rhamnus crenata leaf extract.Results:Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts significantly inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO,iNOS,COX-2,IL-1β,and TNF-αin lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts also suppressed LPS-induced degradation of IκB-αand nuclear accumulation of p65,which resulted in the inhibition of NF-κB activation in RAW264.7 cells.Additionally,the extracts attenuated the phosphorylation of p38,ERK1/2,and JNK in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Moreover,HO-1 expression induced by Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts was significantly downregulated by SB230580,PD98059,SP600125 and BAY11-7082.Conclusions:Rhamnus crenata leaf extract may upregulate HO-1 expression through inhibition of p38,ERK1/2,and NF-κB activation,which may contribute to the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts.Rhamnus crenata leaf extracts may have great potential for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs to treat acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(No.31430078,No.31501852 and No.31561163002)the External Cooperation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.152111KYSB20130012)the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China(No.SQ2012FY4910058).
文摘Biological invasion is considered among the most important global environmental problems.Knowledge of the source and dispersal routes of invasion could facilitate the eradication and control of invasive species.Soybean aphid,Aphis glycines,is among the most destructive soybean pests.For effective management of this pest,we conducted genetic analyses and approximate Bayesian computation analysis to determine the origins and dispersal of the aphid species,as well as the source of its invasion in the USA,using 8 microsatellite loci and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene.We were able to identify a significant isolation by distance pattern and 3 genetic lineages in the microsatellite data but not in the mtDNA dataset.The genetic structure showed that the USA population had the closest relationship with those from Korea and Japan,indicating that the 2 latter populations might be the sources of the invasion to the USA.Both population genetic analyses and approximate Bayesian computation showed that the northeastern populations in China were the possible sources of the further spread of A.glycines to Indonesia.The dispersal history of this aphid can provide useful information for pest management strategies and can further help predict areas at risk of invasion.
