TWENTY-THREE CASES OF ATROPHIC RHINITIS TREATED BY DEEP PUNCTURE AT THREE POINTS IN THE NASAL REGION

Atrophic rhinitis is a disease which manifests itself mainly by anosmia due to dryness and atrophy of the nasal mucosa. There is no specific therapy for the disease at present. In the past few years, 23 cases of atrophic rhinitis were treated mainly by deep puncture at three points in the nasal region with satisfactory results. In order to find out the functional changes of the nasal mucosa, the mucociliary transport rate (MTR), surface temperature of the conchal mucosa, acid-base scale of nasal secretion, and volume of nasal secretion were determined before and after the treatment.

Recent developments in immunotherapy approaches for allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis(AR)poses a significant global health burden,with the potential to progress to asthma,thereby impacting patients’quality of life.Immunotherapy has demonstrated effectiveness in mitigating clinical symptoms by altering the underlying disease mechanisms of AR.This article provides a thorough review of the current state of immunotherapy for AR,encompassing various facets of immunotherapeutic strategies,elucidating their mechanisms and clinical implications.By presenting a nuanced understanding of the present landscape of immunotherapy for AR,this review aims to serve as a valuable reference for informing clinical treatment strategies.The subsequent analysis of diverse immunotherapeutic pathways offers a comprehensive understanding of their mechanisms and clinical implications.A meticulous examination is conducted on subcutaneous immunotherapy,sublingual immunotherapy,oral immunotherapy,intralymphatic immunotherapy,and innovative intravenous gold-induced autologous serum injection therapy.Each pathway is systematically elucidated,with its distinctive features and potential contributions to managing AR emphasized.In conclusion,synthesizing epidemiological insights,immunotherapeutic nuances,and pathway-specific analyses encapsulates a profound understanding of immunotherapy for AR.

Establishment and Evaluation of a Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis

[Objectives]To explore a new method for induction of allergic rhinitis in mice,and compare and evaluate it with common modeling methods.[Methods]36 mice were randomly divided into the control group,blank group and experimental group,and there were 12 mice in each group.The mice in the control group were conventionally induced.That is,the mice were first injected intraperitoneally with the mixture composed of OVA 50μg,[Al(OH)3]5 mg and 1ml of normal saline once every other day,and then since the 15 th d,20μL of 5%OVA solution was dropped into each nasal cavity once a day,which lasted for 7 d.The blank group was treated with the same amount of normal saline according to the control group,and received intraperitoneal injection and bilateral nasal drip respectively.In the experimental group,mice were first given intraperitoneal injection of the mixture composed of ovalbumin(OVA)75μg,aluminum hydroxide gel[Al(OH)3]8 mg and normal saline 1.5 mL for basic sensitization.On the 26 th d,20μL of 3%OVA solution was dropped into each nasal cavity once a day,which lasted for 10 d.The number of sneezes,the number of nose scratching,the amount of nasal discharge,and the activity of mice in each group were observed,and the behavior of allergic reaction was scored.Meanwhile,the number of eosinophils in the nasal discharge of mice and the IgE content in serum were measured.[Results]The score of nasal stimulation symptoms,the number of eosinophils and serum IgE level of mice in the control group and the experimental group were higher than those in the blank group(P<0.05),and there was no statistical significance between the two groups in the three indicators(P>0.05).[Conclusions]The modeling method was more suitable for the development of allergic rhinitis patients condition,and reduced the probability of death of mice due to modeling,and simplified the experimental operation.

Overview of Research on the Clinical Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

Three kinds of treatment for allergic rhinitis(Western medicine,traditional Chinese medicine and their combination)were described respectively,and the different treatment methods of AR and their characteristics were analyzed.This study will help to further improve the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and promote the early recovery of patients.

Yiwei Xiaoyu granules for treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis with deficiency syndrome of the spleen and stomach

BACKGROUND The Correa sequence,initiated by Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori),commonly progresses to gastric cancer through the stage of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG).Although eradication of H.pylori only reduces the risk of gastric cancer,it does not eliminate the risk for neoplastic progression.Yiwei Xiaoyu granules(YWXY)are a commonly used composite preparation in Chinese clinics.However,the pursuit of excellence in clinical trials and the establishment of standardized animal experiments are still needed to contribute to full understanding and application of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of CAG.AIM To demonstrate the effectiveness of YWXY in patients with CAG and spleenstomach deficiency syndrome(DSSS),by alleviating histological scores,improving response rates for pathological lesions,and achieving clinical efficacy in relieving DSSS symptoms.METHODS We designed a double-blind,randomized,controlled trial.The study enrolled seventy-two H.pylori-negative patients(mean age,52.3 years;38 men)who were randomly allocated to either the treatment group or control group in a 1:1 ratio,and treated with 15 g YWXY or 0.36 g Weifuchun(WFC)tablet combined with the respective dummy for 24 wk.The pre-randomization phase resulted in the exclusion of 72 patients:50 participants did not meet the inclusion criteria,12 participants declined to participate,and 10 participants were excluded for various other reasons.Seven visits were conducted during the study,and histopathological examination with target endoscopic biopsy of narrow-band imaging was requested before the first and seventh visits.We also evaluated endoscopic performance scores,total symptom scores,serum pepsinogen and gastrin-17.RESULTS Six patients did not complete the trial procedures.Treatment with YWXY improved the Operative Link on Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia Assessment(OLGIM)stage,compared with WFC(P<0.05).YWXY provided better relief from symptoms of DSSS and better improvement in serum gastric function,compared with WFC(P<0.05).CONCLUSION YWXY compared with WFC significantly reduced the risk of mild or moderate atrophic disease,according to OLGIM stage,significantly relieved symptoms of DSSS,and improved serum gastric function.

Yangyin Huowei mixture alleviates chronic atrophic gastritis by inhibiting the IL-10/JAK1/STAT3 pathway

BACKGROUND The Chinese medicine Yangyin Huowei mixture(YYHWM)exhibits good clinical efficacy in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG),but the mechanisms underlying its activity remain unclear.AIM To investigate the therapeutic effects of YYHWM and its underlying mechanisms in a CAG rat model.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated into control,model,vitacoenzyme,and low,medium,and high-dose YYHWM groups.CAG was induced in rats using Nmethyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine,ranitidine hydrochloride,hunger and satiety perturbation,and ethanol gavage.Following an 8-wk intervention period,stomach samples were taken,stained,and examined for histopathological changes.ELISA was utilized to quantify serum levels of PG-I,PG-II,G-17,IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α.Western blot analysis was performed to evaluate protein expression of IL-10,JAK1,and STAT3.RESULTS The model group showed gastric mucosal layer disruption and inflammatory cell infiltration.Compared with the blank control group,serum levels of PGI,PGII,and G-17 in the model group were significantly reduced(82.41±3.53 vs 38.52±1.71,23.06±0.96 vs 11.06±0.70,and 493.09±12.17 vs 225.52±17.44,P<0.01 for all),whereas those of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-αwere significantly increased(30.15±3.07 vs 80.98±4.47,69.05±12.72 vs 110.85±6.68,and 209.24±11.62 vs 313.37±36.77,P<0.01 for all),and the protein levels of IL-10,JAK1,and STAT3 were higher in gastric mucosal tissues(0.47±0.10 vs 1.11±0.09,0.49±0.05 vs 0.99±0.07,and 0.24±0.05 vs 1.04±0.14,P<0.01 for all).Compared with the model group,high-dose YYHWM treatment significantly improved the gastric mucosal tissue damage,increased the levels of PGI,PGII,and G-17(38.52±1.71 vs 50.41±3.53,11.06±0.70 vs 15.33±1.24,and 225.52±17.44 vs 329.22±29.11,P<0.01 for all),decreased the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α(80.98±4.47 vs 61.56±4.02,110.85±6.68 vs 89.20±8.48,and 313.37±36.77 vs 267.30±9.31,P<0.01 for all),and evidently decreased the protein levels of IL-10 and STAT3 in gastric mucosal tissues(1.11±0.09 vs 0.19±0.07 and 1.04±0.14 vs 0.55±0.09,P<0.01 for both).CONCLUSION YYHWM reduces the release of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the IL-10/JAK1/STAT3 pathway,alleviating gastric mucosal damage,and enhancing gastric secretory function,thereby ameliorating CAG development and cancer transformation.

Postprandial gastrin-17 level is a useful dynamic marker for atrophic gastritis

Atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia may progress to gastric malignancy.Non-invasive serum biomarkers have been extensively studied and proven to be useful as a screening tool to stratify risk and identify patients for endoscopy to detect early gastric cancer.These non-invasive biomarkers have been endorsed and recommended by many international consensus guidelines.In this letter,we reviewed the literature and evidence supporting the use of serum biomarkers as a dynamic test to monitor the status of atrophic gastritis.

Effect of Jianpi Xiaowei Decoction on Gastric Function and Quality of Life in Elderly Patients with Chronic Atrophic Gastritis of Liver-Stomach Stagnation Heat Type

[Objectives]To observe the effect of Jianpi Xiaowei Decoction on gastric function and quality of life in elderly patients with chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)of liver-stomach heat stagnation type.[Methods]Seventy-two elderly patients with CAG of liver-stomach stagnation-heat type were randomly divided into study group and control group.The two groups were treated with Jianpi Xiaowei Decoction and Rabeprazole Enteric-coated Tablets respectively.The curative effect of TCM syndromes,serum pepsinogen I and II(PG-I and PG-II),gastrin-17(G-17)and quality of life(SF-36 table)scores of gastric function indicators before and after treatment were observed.[Results]After treatment,the total effective rate of the study group was 97.22%(35/36),which was significantly higher than that of the control group 77.78%(28/36)(P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no significant difference in the levels of gastric function indicators between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the indicators of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group(t=12.239,6.010,5.928,10.420,P<0.05).Before treatment,there was no significant difference in SF-36 scores between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment,the SF-36 scores in the study group were significantly lower than those in the control group(t=3.520,10.335,11.300,9.693,P<0.05).[Conclusions]Jianpi Xiaowei Decoction can achieve significant curative effect in the treatment of CAG with liver and stomach stagnation heat type in the elderly,and can significantly improve the key gastrointestinal hormone levels and quality of life of elderly patients.It is worthy of promotion in the same clinical cases.

Update understanding on diagnosis and histopathological examination of atrophic gastritis:A review

Chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG)is a complex syndrome in which long-term chronic inflammatory stimulation causes gland atrophy in the gastric mucosa,reducing the stomach's ability to secrete gastric juice and pepsin,and interfering with its normal physiological function.Multiple pathogenic factors contribute to CAG incidence,the most common being Helicobacter pylori infection and the immune reactions resulting from gastric autoimmunity.Furthermore,CAG has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations,including gastroenterology and extraintestinal symptoms and signs,such as hematology,neurology,and oncology.Therefore,the initial CAG evaluation should involve the examination of clinical and serological indicators,as well as diagnosis confirmation via gastroscopy and histopathology if necessary.Depending on the severity and scope of atrophy affecting the gastric mucosa,a histologic staging system(Operative Link for Gastritis Assessment or Operative Link on Gastritis intestinal metaplasia)could also be employed.Moreover,chronic gastritis has a higher risk of progressing to gastric cancer(GC).In this regard,early diagnosis,treatment,and regular testing could reduce the risk of GC in CAG patients.However,the optimal interval for endoscopic monitoring in CAG patients remains uncertain,and it should ideally be tailored based on individual risk evaluations and shared decision-making processes.Although there have been many reports on CAG,the precise etiology and histopathological features of the disease,as well as the diagnosis of CAG patients,are yet to be fully elucidated.Consequently,this review offers a detailed account of CAG,including its key clinical aspects,aiming to enhance the overall understanding of the disease.

Chronic active and atrophic gastritis as significant contributing factor to the development of gastric cystica profunda

Gastric cystica profunda(GCP)is an uncommon but underestimated gastric lesion.Its precancerous potential determines its significance.In addition to previous mucosa injury due to operations,biopsy or polypectomy,chronic active and atrophic gastritis may also lead to the development of GCPs.By carefully examining the stomach and taking biopsy samples from the susceptible regions,the stage of atrophy can be determined.Chronic atrophic gastritis is a risk factor for cancer evolvement and it can also contribute to GCPs formation.GCPs frequently occur close to early gastric cancers(EGCs)or EGC can arise from the cystic glands.Endoscopic resection is an effective and minimally invasive treat-ment in GCP.

Paradoxical association between dyspepsia and autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis:Insights into mechanisms,pathophysiology,and treatment options

BACKGROUND Autoimmune gastritis(AIG)is a progressive,chronic,immune-mediated inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of gastric parietal cells leading to hypo/anacidity and loss of intrinsic factor.Gastrointestinal symptoms such as dyspepsia and early satiety are very common,being second in terms of frequency only to anemia,which is the most typical feature of AIG.AIM To address both well-established and more innovative information and knowledge about this challenging disorder.METHODS An extensive bibliographical search was performed in PubMed to identify guidelines and primary literature(retrospective and prospective studies,systematic reviews,case series)published in the last 10 years.RESULTS A total of 125 records were reviewed and 80 were defined as fulfilling the criteria.CONCLUSION AIG can cause a range of clinical manifestations,including dyspepsia.The pathophysiology of dyspepsia in AIG is complex and involves changes in acid secretion,gastric motility,hormone signaling,and gut microbiota,among other factors.Managing dyspeptic symptoms of AIG is challenging and there are no specific therapies targeting dyspepsia in AIG.While proton pump inhibitors are commonly used to treat dyspepsia and gastroesophageal reflux disease,they may not be appropriate for AIG.Prokinetic agents,antidepressant drugs,and non-pharmacological treatments may be of help,even if not adequately evidence-based supported.A multidisciplinary approach for the management of dyspepsia in AIG is recommended,and further research is needed to develop and validate more effective therapies for dyspepsia.

Myricetin alleviates ovalbumin-induced allergic rhinitis in mice by regulating Th1/Th2 balance

Objective:To evaluate the effect of myricetin on ovalbumin(OVA)-induced allergic rhinitis in mice.Methods:Mice were sensitized and challenged using OVA(5%,500 mL)intraperitoneally and intranasally,respectively,on an alternative day for 14 days,followed by administration of myricetin(50,100,and 200 mg/kg)till day 21.Nasal symptoms,biochemical parameters,protein expressions,and histopathology were observed.Results:OVA-induced increased nasal symptoms including rubbing,sneezing,and discharge were significantly reduced by myricetin(100and 200 mg/kg)(P<0.05).Myricetin also protected against histamine challenge and attenuated elevated serum immunoglobulin E(IgE;total and OVA-specific),total IgG1,andβ-hexosaminidase levels,as well as leukotriene C4 and interleukins levels in nasal lavage fluid(P<0.05).Western blot analysis showed that myricetin significantly upregulated the protein expression of T-box expressed in T cells,while downregulating the protein expression of GATA binding protein 3,NF-κB,and IκB-α(P<0.05).Additionally,OVA-induced histopathological abberations in the nasal mucosa was markedly ameliorated by myricetin treatment(P<0.05).Conclusions:Myricetin exerts anti-allergic effects against OVAinduced allergic rhinitis via regulating Th1/Th2 balance.

Efficacy and safety of Huangqi Jianzhong decoction in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis:A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND Chronic atrophic gastritis is a persistent disorder of the digestive system where the gastric mucosa epithelium and glands undergo atrophy,leading to a decrease in their number and thinning of the gastric mucosa.It is worth noting that the prevalence of chronic atrophic gastritis is higher in China compared to the global average,and it is also considered a precancerous condition for gastric cancer.AIM To evaluate the efficacy of Huangqi Jianzhong decoction in treating chronic atrophic gastritis.Chronic atrophic gastritis is a persistent illness characterized by the progressive disappearance of healthy gastric glands due to repeated injury.Huangqi Jianzhong decoctions are widely used in China to treat chronic atrophic gastritis.However,there is limited scientific evidence regarding their efficacy in treating this illness.METHODS The present meta-analysis adhered to the PRISMA guidelines and used the Cochrane Collaboration methodology.We performed a comprehensive search for clinical trials investigating the use of Huangqi Jianzhong decoction in treating chronic atrophic gastritis published until January 2023.The risk of bias and the quality of the included studies were evaluated using the Cochrane Handbook guidelines.Finally,a meta-analysis was conducted using the RevMan 5.4 softRESULTS This study included a total of 13 articles,comprising 1269 samples.The meta-analysis was conducted on these 13 articles,yielding the following results:I2=0%,P=0.60,[RR=1.24,95%CI:1.18 to 1.30,P<0.00001].The forest plot analysis of the Helicobacter pylori clearance rate revealed I2=0%,P=0.36,[RR=1.20,95%CI:1.05 to 1.38,P=0.009].The forest plot of PG-I level showed I2=99%,P<0.00001,[MD=4.99,95%CI:-1.59 to 11.58,P=0.14].The forest plot of stomach pain demonstrated I2=54%,P=0.04,[MD=-0.63,95%CI:-0.68 to-0.58,P<0.00001].The forest plot of reflux indicated I2=82%,P=0.0009,[MD=-0.48,95%CI:-0.63 to-0.33,P<0.00001].The forest plot of recurrence rate exhibited I2=0%,P=0.92,[RR=0.15,95%CI:0.04 to 0.66,P=0.01].The forest plot of adverse reactions showed no heterogeneity in outcome data,[RR=1.07,95%CI:0.53 to 2.17,P=0.86].CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that Huangqi Jianzhong decoction improved various factors in adults with chronic atrophic gastritis.These factors included the total effective rate,Helicobacter pylori clearance rate,symptoms such as stomachache and acid reflux alleviation,and recurrence rates.

Comparison of Allergic Rhinitis and Bronchial Asthma Impacts on Tympanometric Parameters in Children at Kano, Nigeria

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a multifocal IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reaction that affects sino-nasal mucosa and is characterized by excessive sneezing, watery rhinorrhea, nasal itching, nasal stuffiness and eyes itching. Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the common childhood diseases that affects the respiratory system characterized by recurrent cough, wheezing, chest tightness and difficulty with breathing. The two conditions are different manifestations of allergic disease of the airway;the composition of the inflammatory substrate in the mucosa of allergic patients is similar to the late-phase allergic response seen elsewhere in the respiratory tract, such as in bronchial asthma. Aim: The aim was to compare the impacts of allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma on tympanometric parameters in children. Patients & Methods: This is a hospital based comparative cross-sectional study. Two groups of participants aged 4 - 12 years, one group with documented clinical diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and the other group with documented clinical diagnosis of bronchial asthma were consecutively selected from ear, nose and throat (ENT) and pediatrics cardiopulmonary outpatient clinics of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano respectively. Equal number of children aged 4 - 12 years with no history of ENT diseases or bronchial asthma that were selected from elementary schools within the same community served as a control group. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was filled out for all the participants, complete ENT and chest examinations were carried out and subsequently all the selected participants had tympanometry done, findings were recorded and analyzed. Results: The mean age of participants with bronchial asthma was found to be 7.5 ± 2.6 years while participants with allergic rhinitis had the mean age of 6.8 ± 2.1 years. The mean middle ear pressure (MEP) of participants with bronchial asthma was found to be -15.22 dapa and -40.32 dapa in those with allergic rhinitis. Acoustic reflex was found to be absent in 15.4% of the participants with bronchial asthma and 29.6% of allergic rhinitis participants. Type B tympanogram was found in 2.8% of bronchial asthma participants and 7.3% in participants with allergic rhinitis. Type C tympanogram was found in 4.6% of participants with bronchial asthma and 15.5% of participants with allergic rhinitis. Type A tympanogram was found in 90% of participants with bronchial asthma and 75% of participants with allergic rhinitis. The difference between type A, B and C tympanograms of participants with bronchial asthma and those with allergic rhinitis was found to be statistically significant (Type A χ2 = 14.62, df = 4, p value = 0.01, Type B χ2 = 14.06, df = 4, p value = 0.01, Type C χ2 = 17.01, df = 6, p value = 0.01). Conclusion: Participants with allergic rhinitis were found to have more abnormalities of tympanometric parameters compared to participants with bronchial asthma which signifies allergic rhinitis conferred an increased risk of having middle ear diseases and otitis media with effusion compared to bronchial asthma.

Advances on the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis by Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine

Background: Allergic rhinitis is a common and high incidence disease in clinic, which has a certain impact on the work, life and social activities of patients. Modern medicine still lacks effective treatment methods for such diseases. In recent years, clinical cases of children and adolescents have also increased year by year. Objective: In order to provide references for further study and practical treatment on allergic rhinitis, this paper summarized the advances on the treatment of allergic rhinitis by Traditional Chinese Method (TCM) and Western Medicine Method (WMM) in clinical practice and study. Method: Through detailed review and study of literatures, the theory and clinical experiences in TCM, WMM, and integrated treatment of the two were analyzed and summarized. Conclusions: TCM conducts personalized treatment for patients by syndrome differentiation. The main means are to regulate the body’s health Qi and Yang Qi. Drugs, acupuncture, psychology and other means of treatment are all used and the effects of treatment are very well. WMM mainly relieves the infiltration of local inflammatory cells, expands local capillaries, improves nasal permeability and alleviates the occurrence of allergic graduation by using kinds of drugs or surgery. Though both TCM and WMM are effective and have some common characteristics and each has its own characteristics, the combination of TCM and WMM has a good prospect and is more effective and can effectively reduce the adverse reactions of patients, because TCM is to change patients’ own constitution and the starting point of WMM is to eliminate the pathogen.

Prevalence of allergic rhinitis and associated risk factors in middle school students from Haikou,China

Objective:To identify the prevalence and influencing factors of allergic rhinitis among middle school students in Haikou,and to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of allergic rhinitis among middle school students in Haikou.Methods:The stratified cluster sampling method was adopted to randomly select the middle school students(aged 12-18)from 8 ordinary or vocational middle schools in Xiuying District,Longhua District,Meilan District and Qiongshan District of Haikou as the survey subjects.The self-made questionnaire was used to conduct the survey from April to May in 2022.Results:A total of 2169 valid questionnaires were collected,the effective rate was 86.6%(2169/2479),814(37.5%)male students and 1355(62.5%)female students.The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis reported by middle school students in Haikou was 39.8%(863/2169),including 599 cases of intermittent allergic rhinitis(69.4%)and 264 cases of persistent allergic rhinitis(30.6%).The January,February,November and December were the periods of high incidence of symptoms each year.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that:using antibiotics 5 times a year[OR=2.07,95%CI(1.24-3.45),P=0.005],using antibiotics 3-4 times a year[OR=1.77,95%CI(1.23-2.55),P=0.002],family history of allergic rhinitis[OR=3.84,95%CI(2.67-5.54),P<0.001],history of sinusitis[OR=7.77,95%CI(3.22-18.76),P<0.001],damp living environment[OR=2.87,95%CI(2.00-4.13),P<0.001],history of asthma[OR=8.69,95%CI(1.93-39.12),P=0.005],urban residents[OR=1.68,95%CI(1.35-2.09),P<0.001],frequent exposure to dust[OR=1.59,95%CI(1.20-2.12),P=0.001],male[OR=1.35,95%CI(1.10-1.66),P=0.005],furry pet[OR=1.39,95%CI(1.10-1.75),P=0.006],daily sleep time<8 hours[OR=1.30,95%CI(1.07-1.58),P=0.009]were risk factors for allergic rhinitis.Conclusion:The prevalence of allergic rhinitis among middle school students in Haikou was higher than reported in most areas of China.Male,urban residents,antibiotic use,sleeping less than 8 hours a day,feeding furry pets,living in humid environment,frequent exposure to dust,family history of allergic rhinitis,history of sinusitis and history of asthma were risk factors for allergic rhinitis.Family history of allergic rhinitis,sinusitis and asthma were the most significant factors.

Konjac-mulberry leaf compound powder alleviates OVA-induced allergic rhinitis in BALB/c mice

According to the proportion of 1:1, konjac flour and mulberry leaf powder are compounded into a kind of dietary fiber source(KMCP). It is found to be good for anti-inflammation. However, its precise anti-allergic rhinitis effect and mechanism remain unknown. In our work, the effect of KMCP on allergic rhinitis(AR)induced by ovalbumin(OVA)was investigated. We found that the number of nasal rubbing and sneezing, the eosinophil(EOS)count in the nasal mucosa, and the serum levels of histamine(HIS), OVA-specific immunoglobulin E(OVA-sIgE)and interleukin-4(IL-4)were decreased, and the histopathological changes of nasal mucosa were inhibited. Additionally, the experiments further proved that the KMCP treatment could exert substantial effects on short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)metabolism in the cecum as well. Overall findings suggest that KMCP could suppress the inflammatory response in AR mice, and serve as a novel curative therapeutic for AR without side effects.

Efficacy and anti-inflammatory analysis of glucocorticoid,antihistamine and leukotriene receptor antagonist in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

BACKGROUND There are many adverse reactions in the treatment of allergic rhinitis(AR)mainly with conventional drugs.Leukotriene receptor antagonists,glucocorticoids and nasal antihistamines can all be used as first-line drugs for AR,but the clinical effects of the three drugs are not clear.AIM To examine the impact of glucocorticoids,antihistamines,and leukotriene receptor antagonists on individuals diagnosed with AR,specifically focusing on their influence on serum inflammatory indexes.METHODS The present retrospective study focused on the clinical data of 80 patients diagnosed and treated for AR at our hospital between May 2019 and May 2021.The participants were categorized into the control group and the observation group.The control group received leukotriene receptor antagonists,while the observation group was administered glucocorticoids and antihistamines.Conducted an observation and comparison of the symptoms,physical sign scores,adverse reactions,and effects on serum inflammatory indexes in two distinct groups of patients,both before and after treatment.RESULTS Subsequent to treatment,the nasal itching score,sneeze score,runny nose score,nasal congestion score,and physical signs score exhibited notable discrepancies(P<0.05),with the observation group demonstrating superior outcomes compared to the control group(P<0.05).The interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor-alpha,Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1,Leukotriene D4 after treatment were significantly different and the observation group It is better than the control group,which is statistically significant(P<0.05).Following the intervention,the incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group,including symptoms such as nasal dryness,discomfort in the throat,bitter taste in the mouth,and minor erosion of the nasal mucosa,was found to be 7.5%.This rate was significantly lower compared to the control group,which reported an incidence of 27.5%.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Glucocorticoids and antihistamines have obvious therapeutic effects,reduce serum inflammatory index levels,relieve symptoms and signs of patients,and promote patients'recovery,which can provide a reference for clinical treatment of AR.

Study on the mechanism of Fuzi in the treatment of allergic rhinitis based on network pharmacology and experimental validation

Objective:To study the key target genes and signaling pathways in the treatment of Allergic Rhinitis(AR)with Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata(aka Fuzi).Methods:The TCMPS and PubChem databases were used to screen the active ingredients and target genes of Fuzi using oral bioavailability and drug similarity as screening conditions,and the GeneCards database was used to screen the target genes of AR.The online tool Venny2.1 was used to screen the target genes of Fuzi for the treatment of Allergic Rhinitis;the STRING database was used to obtain the protein-protein interaction(PPI)network of drug-disease targets,and the key target genes were identified by the MCC algorithm.The potential biological processes and signaling pathways were identified by GO enrichment and KEGG enrichment analysis.Finally,animal experiments were conducted to demonstrate the therapeutic effect ofFuzi on Allergic Rhinitis.Results:The TCMSP,PubChem and GeneCards databases were used to screen the 21 active compound components of Fuzi and 68 potential therapeutic target genes of Fuzi for Allergic Rhinitis.PPI network analysis identified the top ten key target genes,namely:PTGS2,TNF,IL6,AKT1,ALB,STAT3,CCL2,CXCL8,VEGFA and JUN,GO functional and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the significantly enriched functions and pathways of Fuzi on Allergic Rhinitis were closely related to Allergic Rhinitis.Finally,animal experiments were conducted to verify that Fuzi is effective in the treatment of Allergic rhinitis.Conclusion:Increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-αin nasal mucosal tissues of patients with Allergic Rhinitis was positively correlated with indicators related to the disease activity of AllergicRhinitis.Fuzi ameliorated the inflammatory changes in mice with Allergic Rhinitis by inhibiting the activation of Toll-like signaling pathway in the nasal mucosa and decreasing the expression activity of IL-6 and TNF-α.

Effect of acupuncture on acupoint "Yingxiang-Hegu" on Th1, Th2 cytokines and T-bet/GATA-3 of allergic rhinitis rats

Objective:To explore the effect of"Yingxiang-Hegu"on Th1,Th2-related cytokines and[2]transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 in rats with allergic rhinitis.Methods:Rats were randomly divided into three groups:blank group,model group and acupoint group.The rat model of ovalbumin(OVA)AR was established,and the general condition of the rats was observed and scored.Acupuncture intervention was performed on the acupoint group on the second day after successful modeling,once per day for 20 min for 10 d.After intervention,the general behavior,behavioral score and histomorphological changes of nasal mucosa were observed.Eosinophils(EOS)were counted under microscope after nasal lavage smear staining,and the contents of total IgE,IFN-γ,IL-12,IL-4 and IL-5 in serum were detected by ELISA.Westernblot and IHC were used to detect the protein level and positive protein expression of specific transcription factors T-bet and GATA-3 in rat nasal mucosa.Results:After the establishment of the model,except for the blank group,the behavioral observation scores of rats in the model group and acupoint group were more than 5 points,indicating that the model was successful.After acupuncture intervention on acupoint"Yingxiang-Hegu",the behavioral score of rats in the acupoint group and western medicine group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P<0.05).Microscopic examination showed that the structure of nasal mucosa in the model group was obviously damaged,cilia were arranged discontinuously,uneven,local congestion and swelling,a large number of epithelial cells exfoliated and necrotic,goblet cell proliferation,obvious inflammatory cell infiltration.The pathological degree of nasal mucosa in the pair point group was significantly less than that in the model group.Compared with the model group,the levels of IFN-γ,IL-2 and IL-12 in serum were significantly increased,while IgE,IL-4,IL-5 and IL-6 were significantly decreased,GATA-3 protein and positive expression in nasal mucosa were significantly decreased and T-bet was significantly increased after acupuncture.Conclusion:Acupuncture at"Yingxiang-Hegu"can effectively improve the nasal sensitive symptoms and control nasal inflammation in AR rats.The mechanism may be that acupuncture at Yingxiang-Hegu can up-regulate the expression of T-bet,decrease the level of GATA-3,promote the production of Th1 cytokines and inhibit the synthesis and secretion of Th2 cells,thus restoring the immune balance of Th1 and Th2.