Metabolites and bioactivities of Rhizophoraceae mangroves

This review examines the chemical compositions and bioactivities of mangrove plants belonging to the Rhizophoraceae family.The Rhizophoraceae family of true mangrove plants is the most common and is also widely distributed species.It consists of 24 species across four genera.Of the 24 species,12 species remain unexamined for their phytochemical constituents.There have been 268 metabolites reported from 16 species.The key phytochemical constituents identified across the family are the diterpenoids and triterpenoids.The major diterpenoids include pimaranes,beyeranes,kaurenes,dolabranes and labdanes whereas the significant triterpenoids are lupanes,dammaranes and oleananes.Disulphides,dolabranes and labdanes are considered to be the chemotaxonomic markers of the genera Bruguiera,Ceriops and Rhizophora respectively.

Testing relative evolutionary rates and estimating divergence times among six genera of Rhizophoraceae using cpDNA and nrDNA sequences

The molecular phylogenetic trees of 10 species representing 6 genera of the family Rhizophoraceae have been constructed using the sequences of chloroplast genes ma/K and rbcL as well as the ITS regions of nuclear ribosomal DMA. Relative-rate tests between lineages in these phylogenetic trees have been performed. On the basis of the results of the relative-rate tests and related molecular evolutionary rate data, the divergence times between the lineages are estimated as follows: ( i) the first divergence time in these genera is 132.25 million years ago (mya); (ii) the average divergence time between two tribes, i.e. inland Legnotideae (except Carallia brachiata) and mangrove Rhizophoreae, is 64.13 mya; and (iii) the average divergence time between two inland species, C. garciniaefolia and C. pectinifolia, is 19.92 mya.

海洋红树林植物木榄化学成分研究

采用多种柱层析方法从红树植物木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza(L.)Lam.)中分离获得9个单体成分,综合运用现代波谱技术鉴定了所有成分的化学结构,分别为格榄酮(I)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(II)、黄芪苷(III)、芦丁(IV)、3-O-甲基槲皮素(V)、羽扇豆醇(VI)、羽扇豆酮(VII)、蒲公英赛酮(VIII)和胡萝卜苷(IX),其中化合物II^V为首次从木榄属植物中分离得到。

Relation between Amino Acids Profiles and Recalcitrancy of Cell Growth or Salt Tolerance in Tissue and Protoplast Cultures of Three Mangrove Species, <i>Avicennia alba</i>, <i>Bruguiera sexangula</i>, and <i>Sonneratia alba</i>

Amino acids profiles were investigated in tissues, cultured cells, i.e. callus or suspension cells, and their protoplasts of three mangrove species, Avicennia alba, Bruguiera sexangula, and Sonneratia alba. Original tissues of cultured cells of three mangrove species were cotyledons and hypocotyls, leaves, and cotyledons, respectively. In protoplasts isolated from cultured cells, glutamine and alanine were the major amino acids. Different contents of glycine, proline and serine were observed among protoplasts of three mangrove species. Large differences in the major amino acids were found among cultured cells and their protoplasts while no difference was found between callus and suspension cells independent of additional salt in culture medium. Protoplasts of original tissues, young leaves and cotyledons, contained alanine and glutamine and/or asparagine. In suspension cells of B. sexangula, total contents of amino acids were low while their protoplasts showed similar value as of other samples. Protoplasts of leaf and cotyledons of A. alba and cotyledons of A. lanata, A. marina and S. alba were also investigated. The total contents of amino acids and their profiles might be related to the recalcitrance for the growth and salt tolerance or halophilic nature of cells and basal media used for the maintenance of cell cultures or protoplast cultures of the mangrove species. This is the first report on callus induction from hypocotyls of A. alba.