Uncontrolled high blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure and contributes to an estimated 25% of deaths worldwide. Despite numerous treatment options, estimates project that ...Uncontrolled high blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure and contributes to an estimated 25% of deaths worldwide. Despite numerous treatment options, estimates project that reasonable blood pressure(BP) control is achieved in only about half of hypertensive patients. Improvements in the detection and management of hypertension will undoubtedly be accomplished through a better understanding of the complex etiology of this disease and a more comprehensive inventory of the genes and genetic variants that influence BP regulation. Recent studies(primarily in pre-clinical models) indicate that the small GTPase Rho A and its downstream target, Rho kinase, play an important role in regulating BP homeostasis. Herein, we summarize the underlying mechanisms and highlight signaling pathways and regulators that impart tight spatial-temporal control of Rho A activity. We also discuss known allelic variations in the Rho A pathway and consider how these polymorphisms may affect genetic risk for hypertension and its clinical manifestations. Finally, we summarize the current(albeit limited) clinical data on the efficacy of targeting the Rho A pathway in hypertensive patients.展开更多
Gene editing has recently emerged as a promising technology to engineer genetic modifications precisely in the genome to achieve long-term relief from corneal disorders.Recent advances in the molecular biology leading...Gene editing has recently emerged as a promising technology to engineer genetic modifications precisely in the genome to achieve long-term relief from corneal disorders.Recent advances in the molecular biology leading to the development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPRs) and CRISPR-associated systems,zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator like effector nucleases have ushered in a new era for high throughput in vitro and in vivo genome engineering.Genome editing can be successfully used to decipher complex molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology,develop innovative next generation gene therapy,stem cell-based regenerative therapy,and personalized medicine for corneal and other ocular diseases.In this review we describe latest developments in the field of genome editing,current challenges,and future prospects for the development of personalized genebased medicine for corneal diseases.The gene editing approach is expected to revolutionize current diagnostic and treatment practices for curing blindness.展开更多
目的:探究Rho-GTPase激活蛋白15(Rho-GTPase activating protein 15,ARHGAP15)在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义。方法:利用TCGA数据库检测ARHGAP15在乳腺癌中的表达,采用Kaplan-Meier、Logistics回归分析和单因素/多因素COX回归分析检测ARHG...目的:探究Rho-GTPase激活蛋白15(Rho-GTPase activating protein 15,ARHGAP15)在乳腺癌中的表达及临床意义。方法:利用TCGA数据库检测ARHGAP15在乳腺癌中的表达,采用Kaplan-Meier、Logistics回归分析和单因素/多因素COX回归分析检测ARHGAP15与临床预后相关性。同时收集我院61例乳腺癌患者病理切片,检测ARHGAP15在乳腺癌中的表达并分析其与临床相关性。体外实验检测ARHGAP15对MCF-7和MDA-MB-231细胞的增殖和凋亡的影响。结果:TCGA数据库中ARHGAP15与T、N、M分期、预后、病理分级和年龄相关。本研究临床样本显示,ARHGAP15在乳腺癌中低表达,且与肿瘤直径、TNM分期、淋巴结转移和分子分型相关。COX单因素分析结果显示,TNM分期Ⅲ期、分子类型为三阴性、肿瘤直径≥3 cm与ARHGAP15低表达是影响乳腺癌患者预后的危险因素;多因素分析结果显示:肿瘤直径≥3 cm与ARHGAP15低表达是影响乳腺癌预后的危险因素。CCK-8和克隆实验发现过表达ARHGAP15抑制乳腺癌细胞增殖。细胞凋亡实验发现,ARHGAP15过表达组凋亡率较高。结论:ARHGAP15基因影响乳腺癌细胞的增殖和凋亡,且ARHGAP15低表达与乳腺癌的不良预后结局相关。展开更多
目的观察Rho GTP酶激活蛋白12(Rho GTPase-activating protein 12,ARHGAP12)在戊四氮(pentylenetetrazol,PTZ)致癫小鼠模型中的表达情况。方法25只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为癫痫组和对照组。分别应用Westernblot和免疫组织化学染色检测ARHGA...目的观察Rho GTP酶激活蛋白12(Rho GTPase-activating protein 12,ARHGAP12)在戊四氮(pentylenetetrazol,PTZ)致癫小鼠模型中的表达情况。方法25只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为癫痫组和对照组。分别应用Westernblot和免疫组织化学染色检测ARHGAP12的表达情况;应用免疫荧光染色对ARHGAP12进行定位。结果ARHGAP12定位于神经元的细胞膜;在癫痫模型中,ARHGAP12的表达水平较对照组明显增高(*P<0.05,**P<0.01)。结论ARHGAP12定位于海马神经元的细胞膜;在小鼠PTZ癫痫模型中,ARHGAP12高表达,提示其可能参与癫痫的形成。展开更多
Objective： Triple-negative breast cancer（TNBC） is highly invasive and metastatic, which is in urgent need of transformative therapeutics. Tubeimu（TBM）, the rhizome of Bolbostemma paniculatum（Maxim.） Franquet, i...Objective： Triple-negative breast cancer（TNBC） is highly invasive and metastatic, which is in urgent need of transformative therapeutics. Tubeimu（TBM）, the rhizome of Bolbostemma paniculatum（Maxim.） Franquet, is one of the Chinese medicinal herbs used for breast diseases since the ancient times. The present study evaluated the efficacy, especially the anti-metastatic effects of the dichloromethane extract of Tubeimu（ETBM） on TNBC orthotopic mouse models and cell lines.Methods： We applied real-time imaging on florescent orthotopic TNBC mice model and tested cell migration and invasion abilities with MDA-MB-231 cell line. Digital gene expression sequencing was performed and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） analysis applied to explore the pathways influenced by ETBM.Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions（q RT-PCR） and Western blot were delivered to confirm the gene expression changes.Results： ETBM exhibited noticeable control on tumor metastasis and growth of TNBC tumors with no obvious toxicity. In compliance with this, it also showed inhibition of cell migration and invasion in vitro. Its impact on the changed biological behavior in TNBC may be a result of decreased expression of integrin β1（ITGβ1）, integrin β8（ITGβ8） and Rho GTPase activating protein 5（ARHGAP5）, which disabled the focal adhesion pathway and caused change in cell morphology.Conclusions： This study reveals that ETBM has anti-metastatic effects on MDA-MB-231-GFP tumor and may lead to a new therapeutic agent for the integrative treatment of highly invasive TNBC.展开更多
This study investigated the possible involvement of microRNAs in the regulation of genes that participate in peripheral neural regeneration. A microRNA microarray analysis was conducted and 23 microRNAs were identiife...This study investigated the possible involvement of microRNAs in the regulation of genes that participate in peripheral neural regeneration. A microRNA microarray analysis was conducted and 23 microRNAs were identiifed whose expression was signiifcantly changed in rat dorsal root ganglia after sciatic nerve transection. The expression of one of the downregulated microRNAs, microRNA-214, was validated using quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. MicroRNA-214 was predicted to target the 3′-untranslated region of Slit-Robo GTPase-activating protein 3. In situ hybridization veriifed that microRNA-214 was located in the cytoplasm of dorsal root ganglia primary neurons and was downregulated following sciatic nerve transection. Moreover, a com-bination of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that microRNA-214 and Slit-Robo GTPase-activating protein 3 were co-localized in dorsal root ganglion primary neu-rons. Western blot analysis suggested that Slit-Robo GTPase-activating protein 3 was upregulated in dorsal root ganglion neurons after sciatic nerve transection. These data demonstrate that mi-croRNA-214 is located and differentially expressed in dorsal root ganglion primary neurons and may participate in regulating the gene expression of Slit-Robo GTPase-activating protein 3 after sciatic nerve transection.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Heart,Lung,and Blood Institute,National Institutes of Health to Taylor JM,Nos.HL-081844 and HL-071054the Muscular Dystrophy Association to Taylor JM,No.MDA255577
文摘Uncontrolled high blood pressure is a major risk factor for heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure and contributes to an estimated 25% of deaths worldwide. Despite numerous treatment options, estimates project that reasonable blood pressure(BP) control is achieved in only about half of hypertensive patients. Improvements in the detection and management of hypertension will undoubtedly be accomplished through a better understanding of the complex etiology of this disease and a more comprehensive inventory of the genes and genetic variants that influence BP regulation. Recent studies(primarily in pre-clinical models) indicate that the small GTPase Rho A and its downstream target, Rho kinase, play an important role in regulating BP homeostasis. Herein, we summarize the underlying mechanisms and highlight signaling pathways and regulators that impart tight spatial-temporal control of Rho A activity. We also discuss known allelic variations in the Rho A pathway and consider how these polymorphisms may affect genetic risk for hypertension and its clinical manifestations. Finally, we summarize the current(albeit limited) clinical data on the efficacy of targeting the Rho A pathway in hypertensive patients.
文摘Gene editing has recently emerged as a promising technology to engineer genetic modifications precisely in the genome to achieve long-term relief from corneal disorders.Recent advances in the molecular biology leading to the development of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPRs) and CRISPR-associated systems,zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator like effector nucleases have ushered in a new era for high throughput in vitro and in vivo genome engineering.Genome editing can be successfully used to decipher complex molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology,develop innovative next generation gene therapy,stem cell-based regenerative therapy,and personalized medicine for corneal and other ocular diseases.In this review we describe latest developments in the field of genome editing,current challenges,and future prospects for the development of personalized genebased medicine for corneal diseases.The gene editing approach is expected to revolutionize current diagnostic and treatment practices for curing blindness.
文摘目的观察Rho GTP酶激活蛋白12(Rho GTPase-activating protein 12,ARHGAP12)在戊四氮(pentylenetetrazol,PTZ)致癫小鼠模型中的表达情况。方法25只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为癫痫组和对照组。分别应用Westernblot和免疫组织化学染色检测ARHGAP12的表达情况;应用免疫荧光染色对ARHGAP12进行定位。结果ARHGAP12定位于神经元的细胞膜;在癫痫模型中,ARHGAP12的表达水平较对照组明显增高(*P<0.05,**P<0.01)。结论ARHGAP12定位于海马神经元的细胞膜;在小鼠PTZ癫痫模型中,ARHGAP12高表达,提示其可能参与癫痫的形成。
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant (No. 81303129)Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Grant (Project ID: 2016-jxs-548)
文摘Objective： Triple-negative breast cancer（TNBC） is highly invasive and metastatic, which is in urgent need of transformative therapeutics. Tubeimu（TBM）, the rhizome of Bolbostemma paniculatum（Maxim.） Franquet, is one of the Chinese medicinal herbs used for breast diseases since the ancient times. The present study evaluated the efficacy, especially the anti-metastatic effects of the dichloromethane extract of Tubeimu（ETBM） on TNBC orthotopic mouse models and cell lines.Methods： We applied real-time imaging on florescent orthotopic TNBC mice model and tested cell migration and invasion abilities with MDA-MB-231 cell line. Digital gene expression sequencing was performed and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes（KEGG） analysis applied to explore the pathways influenced by ETBM.Moreover, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions（q RT-PCR） and Western blot were delivered to confirm the gene expression changes.Results： ETBM exhibited noticeable control on tumor metastasis and growth of TNBC tumors with no obvious toxicity. In compliance with this, it also showed inhibition of cell migration and invasion in vitro. Its impact on the changed biological behavior in TNBC may be a result of decreased expression of integrin β1（ITGβ1）, integrin β8（ITGβ8） and Rho GTPase activating protein 5（ARHGAP5）, which disabled the focal adhesion pathway and caused change in cell morphology.Conclusions： This study reveals that ETBM has anti-metastatic effects on MDA-MB-231-GFP tumor and may lead to a new therapeutic agent for the integrative treatment of highly invasive TNBC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81160158 and 30860290
文摘This study investigated the possible involvement of microRNAs in the regulation of genes that participate in peripheral neural regeneration. A microRNA microarray analysis was conducted and 23 microRNAs were identiifed whose expression was signiifcantly changed in rat dorsal root ganglia after sciatic nerve transection. The expression of one of the downregulated microRNAs, microRNA-214, was validated using quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR. MicroRNA-214 was predicted to target the 3′-untranslated region of Slit-Robo GTPase-activating protein 3. In situ hybridization veriifed that microRNA-214 was located in the cytoplasm of dorsal root ganglia primary neurons and was downregulated following sciatic nerve transection. Moreover, a com-bination of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed that microRNA-214 and Slit-Robo GTPase-activating protein 3 were co-localized in dorsal root ganglion primary neu-rons. Western blot analysis suggested that Slit-Robo GTPase-activating protein 3 was upregulated in dorsal root ganglion neurons after sciatic nerve transection. These data demonstrate that mi-croRNA-214 is located and differentially expressed in dorsal root ganglion primary neurons and may participate in regulating the gene expression of Slit-Robo GTPase-activating protein 3 after sciatic nerve transection.
