The present investigation reports the chemical composition of the Rhus typhina L. stem identified via mass spectrometry and NMR as gallic acid, 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, tryptophan, scopolin, methyl gallate, fustin, q...The present investigation reports the chemical composition of the Rhus typhina L. stem identified via mass spectrometry and NMR as gallic acid, 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, tryptophan, scopolin, methyl gallate, fustin, quercetin, rutin, and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose. The antioxidant properties and the chemical composition contents of the R. typhina L. stem grown in different regions in China were determined. To determine the antioxidant activity, a total phenolic content analysis, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, and β-carotene linoleic acid model system were conducted. The results showed that the Rhus typhina L. stem possessed high antioxidant capacities due to its high phenolic content. The contents of the nine isolated compounds were determined by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The calibration curves of the nine isolated compounds were linear within the concentration range and the average recoveries were high. The result showed that 1-Ogalloyl-β-D-glucose, gallic acid, methyl gallate, and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose could be the compounds mainly responsible for the antioxidant capacity of the R. typhina L. stem. This reveals that the R. typhina L. stem is a good source of antioxidants.展开更多
Dimethoxyphenol was a widely used substrate in determination of laccases activity. It was surprised, however, that the products of it had not been completely determined until now. Studies were thus conducted on Rhus l...Dimethoxyphenol was a widely used substrate in determination of laccases activity. It was surprised, however, that the products of it had not been completely determined until now. Studies were thus conducted on Rhus laccase (RL) and immobilized Rhus laccase (IRL)-catalyzed oxidation of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) in water-organic solvent systems. Only one product, 3,3′,5,5′- tetramethoxy-1 ,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diol (TMBP), was produced by RL catalysis, and it was thoroughly characterized by FT-IR, NMR and GC-MS, etc.展开更多
Background: Few anthelmintics are available for the treatment of hydatid disease caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The appearance of resistance to synthetic anthelmintics and the adverse side effects of ...Background: Few anthelmintics are available for the treatment of hydatid disease caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The appearance of resistance to synthetic anthelmintics and the adverse side effects of chemical drugs, stimulated the research of alternatives, such as medicinal plants. In the present study, the scolicidal effect of methanolic extract of sumac (Rhus coriaria) was investigated. Methods: Protoscolices were aseptically collected from sheep livers containing hydatid cysts. Three concentrations of sumac extract (10, 30 and 50 mg/mL) were used for 10, 20 and 30 min. Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin staining. Results: While the rate of dead protoscolices was 16.93% in the ontrol group, when protoscolices were exposed to sumac extract at the concentration of 10 mg/mL , the rate of dead protoscolices increased to 94.13%, 97.67% and 100% after 10, 20 and 30 minutes, respectively. The mortality rate of protoscolices increased to 98.89%, and 100% when they were exposed to 30 mg/mL concentration of sumac extract for 10 and 20 minutes respectively. One hundred percent mortality rate was observed at concentration of 50 mg/mL after 10 min of exposure. Conclusions: This in vitro study showed that methanolic extract of R.coriaria may be considered as an effective natural scolicidal agent.展开更多
Objective:To explore the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Rhus longipes(R.longipes)leaf and stem bark aqueous infusions.Methods:R.longipes leaf and stem bark infusions were characterized via gas-chromatograp...Objective:To explore the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Rhus longipes(R.longipes)leaf and stem bark aqueous infusions.Methods:R.longipes leaf and stem bark infusions were characterized via gas-chromatography mass-spectroscopy(GC-MS)analysis.In vitro antioxidant and carbohydrate and lipid digestive enzyme inhibitory activities of R.longipes infusions were determined.Additionally,the modulatory effects of R.longipes infusions on intestinal glucose absorption,muscle glucose uptake,and biomarkers of renal oxidative injury were evaluated.Molecular docking was performed to determine the binding affinities of the identified compounds from the leaf and stem bark infusions on carbohydrate and lipid digestive enzymes.Results:GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several phytocompounds,including palmitoleic acid,octadecanamide,24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and L-ascorbic acid.The bark infusion had significantly higher total phenolic contents compared with the leaf infusion,with better DPPH scavenging[IC_(50):(10.50±1.03)μg/mL]and ferric reducing[IC_(50):(9.85±0.32)μg/mL]activities(P<0.05).Both R.longipes infusions at their highest concentrations significantly increased glucose uptake in yeast suspension and rat psoas muscle with marked suppression of glucose absorption in the rat jejunum(P<0.05).With no cytotoxicity on Vero cells,the infusions lowered lipid peroxidation,increased cellular reduced glutathione concentration,and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in renal homogenate treated with FeSO_(4).Conclusions:R.longipes shows antioxidant and antidiabetic activities and could be a potential therapeutic candidate for diabetes.展开更多
The allelopathic potential of Rhus chinensis Mill on seedling growth of radish(Raphanus sativus L.),semen cassiae(seed of Cassia obtusifolia L.) and black soyabean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] was investigated under ...The allelopathic potential of Rhus chinensis Mill on seedling growth of radish(Raphanus sativus L.),semen cassiae(seed of Cassia obtusifolia L.) and black soyabean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] was investigated under laboratory conditions.The water extracts of seed,leaf and bark of R.chinensis inhibited the germination and the growth of roots and shoots of radish,semen cassiae,and black soyabean.Significant increasing reductions in the germination and growth of roots and shoots were observed as the concentration of water extract increased in all bioassays.The order of allelopathic potentials of the three parts from R.chinensis plant on seed germination of these receptors was leaf [ seed [ bark.However,the inhibition of water extracts from R.chinensis seed on root activity of semen cassiae was more severe than from the other two parts.The allelopathic potential on the germination of radish was higher than that of black soyabean and semen cassiae.The integrated effect index for allelopathic potential of water extracts of leaf of R.chinensis on radish,semen cassiae and black soyabean seedling growth were-0.88,-0.93 and-0.98 respectively.The results suggested that it is important to minimize the negative allelopathic potential of R.chinensis in agroforestry systems,and to exploit this traditional Chinese medicinal tree for the production of natural bio-pesticides.展开更多
A novel antitumor agent was developed from six kinds of herbs containing Rhus verniciflua (Rv-PEM01). The components were traditionally established for each formula for traditional medicine. The formula was designed t...A novel antitumor agent was developed from six kinds of herbs containing Rhus verniciflua (Rv-PEM01). The components were traditionally established for each formula for traditional medicine. The formula was designed to affect antitumor effect as well as maintain host immune functions. First, we investigated the antiproliferative activities of Rv-PEM01 on human and canine tumor cell lines in vitro, and on antitumor effects using BALB/cAJcl-nu/nu mice in vivo. Acute oral toxicity of Rv-PEM01 was also investigated in vivo in ddY mice. Rv-PEM01 exhibited antiproliferative activities against PC-3 (IC50: 0.328 ± 0.081 mg/ml), A549 (IC50: 0.520 ± 0.070 mg/ml), D-17 (IC50: 0.124 ± 0.037 mg/ml) and MRC-5 (IC50: 0.505 ± 0.058 mg/ml) cells. Luteolin 7-β-D-glucopyranoside and apigenin 7-β-D-glucopyranoside were identified as the main active compounds in Rv-PEM01 by HPLC analysis. The single dose toxicity study of Rv-PEM01 did not result in any deaths or abnor-malities in daily behavior, body weight gain, or anatomical observations at necropsy. Thus, so we could not calculate the 50% lethal dose (LD50) in mice, but it would be higher than 5.0 g/kg. Treat- ment with Rv-PEM01 at a dose of 2.5 g/kg tended to show antitumor activities on mice bearing Colon26 tumors compared with the control group. It was concluded that the formula was a safe antitumor agent with no side effects on mouse physiological function as judged by survival and organ weight.展开更多
Dog owners are increasingly seeking treatment when their pets develop cancers. As in human cancer patients, dogs with cancer are commonly treated with complementary and alternative therapies, including herbal medicine...Dog owners are increasingly seeking treatment when their pets develop cancers. As in human cancer patients, dogs with cancer are commonly treated with complementary and alternative therapies, including herbal medicines and nutritional supplements. A novel antitumor agent was developed from six different herbs including Rhus verniciflua (Rv-PEM01). The components were established from traditional herbal medicine and designed to affect antitumor activity and maintain host immune function. Previous studies identified anti-proliferative activity in human, murine and canine cancer cell lines. In this clinical study the safety and tolerability of Rv-PEM01 were evaluated in pet dogs with spontaneously occurring cancers. Twelve dogs were treated orally daily for 30 days in escalating dose (4 - 10 mg/kg orally once daily) cohorts. Rv-PEM01 was well tolerated;only transient mild elevations in BUN were observed in 2 dogs. Although tumor response was not a primary endpoint for this study, stable disease was maintained for 30 days in 5 (42%) of the dogs. In conclusion, Rv-PEM01 was found to be safe and well tolerated in the dosage range tested. Future studies should evaluate higher dosages of Rv-PEM01 in dogs with cancer, and specifically address other potential benefits of Rv-PEM01 in canine cancer patients, including correlative assessments of immune function, quality of life and owner satisfaction.展开更多
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and the causes of visual impairment in an unselected population of type 2 diabetes patients, and to describe the risk factors for developing diabetic retino...Purpose: To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and the causes of visual impairment in an unselected population of type 2 diabetes patients, and to describe the risk factors for developing diabetic retinopathy in this populat ion. Methods: A total of 10851 type 2 diabetes patients were identified in the c ounty of úrhus. A representative sample of 378 patients underwent a routine ocu lar examination, including fundus photography. Blood pressure and serum haemoglo bin A1c, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride a nd apolipoprotein a were measured. Results: The prevalence of diabetic retinopat hy in the type 2 diabetes population was 31.5%. In all, 2.9%had proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 5.3%had clinically significant macular oedema. Of the latter, 8/20 (40%) were newly identified and had not yet been lasertreated. The re was a positive correlation between severity of retinopathy and duration of di abetes, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure and treatment with insulin. None of the p atients had social blindness (visual acuity< 0.1), but 15/378 (4.0%) had develo ped visual impairment (VA < 0.3). Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic retinop athy and visual impairment in this unselected type 2 diabetes population was low er than anticipated from the existing literature,and causes other than diabetic retinopathy contributed significantly to the occurrence of visual loss. A substa ntial number of the patients with vision-threatening diabetic maculopathy had n ot been referred for timely photocoagulation treatment.展开更多
Rhus typhina, an alien species introduced from North America, was identified as a main afforestation species in Beijing municipality. However, its invasiveness is still at odds. To clarify this problem, we applied the...Rhus typhina, an alien species introduced from North America, was identified as a main afforestation species in Beijing municipality. However, its invasiveness is still at odds. To clarify this problem, we applied the North American Screening System and the Australian Screening System to preliminarily predict its invasion possibility. Both screening systems gave the same recommendation to "reject". The geographical distribution was surveyed, with the population features of R. typhina against the native plant communities being assessed. With anthropogenic assistance, R. typhina has been scattered on almost all habitats from downtown to mountains, including roadsides, farmlands and protected areas. As a clonal shrub, R. typhina possessed a high spreading rate, varying from 6.3 m/3 years at sterile habitats to 6.7 m/3 years at fertile ones. Significantly lower species richness, individual density and diversity were observed in the R. typhina community than those of the native Vitex negundo Linn.var. heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd. community at both sterile and fertile habitats. Continual wide plantation of R. typhina may further foster its population expansion, which helps the species to overcome spatial isolation, The fact that each root fragment can develop into a new individual makes R. typhina very difficult to be eradicated once established. From a biological point of view, we believe that R. typhina is a plant invader in Beijing. We therefore suggest the government should remove the name of R. typhina from the main tree species list in afforesUng Beijing.展开更多
Background: Lipid-lowering effect ofRhus coriaria L. (Rhus) has been investigated in multiple animal stud- ies with promising results. Nonetheless, its clinical efficacy has not been adequately examined. Objective...Background: Lipid-lowering effect ofRhus coriaria L. (Rhus) has been investigated in multiple animal stud- ies with promising results. Nonetheless, its clinical efficacy has not been adequately examined. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid-lowering effects of Rhus among patients with hyperlipidemia. Design, setting, participants and interventions: The study was designed as a two-arm, double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, using a parallel design. Eighty patients with primary hyper- lipidemia were randomly assigned to receive Rhus capsules or placebo for 6 weeks. Main outcome measures: The serum lipid levels, apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) and apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B) were measured. Results: Mean serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and Apo-Al levels were significantly increased in the Rhus group, compared with the placebo group, after 6 weeks of intervention (P= 0.001). The analysis of covariance test including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and smoking as co-variables revealed that the increase in HDL-C and Apo-A1 levels remained significant, and increases in HDL-C were dependent on the increase in Apo-A1 levels. No significant difference was observed between Rhus and placebo groups in terms of mean reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipopro- tein cholesterol and triglyceride levels; however, more significant improvement was observed among obese patients (BMI≥ 30 kg/m^2). Conclusion: The study showed significant increases in HDL-C and Apo-Al levels in response to Rhus sup- plementation in patients with hyperlipidemia. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02295293.展开更多
Kinetic experiments were performed to study the effects of Pd2+ ion on the oxidation of 5,6-dibro-mo-2,3-dicyanohydroquinone catalyzed by Rhus vernicifera laccase under condition of pH 4.5 and 30 × 0. 1℃ . The r...Kinetic experiments were performed to study the effects of Pd2+ ion on the oxidation of 5,6-dibro-mo-2,3-dicyanohydroquinone catalyzed by Rhus vernicifera laccase under condition of pH 4.5 and 30 × 0. 1℃ . The results showed that the mixed activation could be observed when Pd2+ ion was at low concentrations. The competitive and non-competitive activation constants were 9 × 10 and 2 × 10-6 mol/L, respectively. With the increase of Pd2+ ion concentration, the activation was gradually converted into mixed inhibition, and the competitive and non-competitive inhibition constants were 6 × 10-6 and 32 × 10-6 mol/L, respectively.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the possible in vitro interaction between ethanolic extracts of Rhus coriaria[R.coriaria)(seed),Sacropoterium spinosum(S.spinosum)(seed),Rosa damascena(R. damascene)(flower) and certain known ant...Objective:To evaluate the possible in vitro interaction between ethanolic extracts of Rhus coriaria[R.coriaria)(seed),Sacropoterium spinosum(S.spinosum)(seed),Rosa damascena(R. damascene)(flower) and certain known antimicrobial drugs including oxytetracycline HCl, penicillin C,cephalexin,sulfadimethoxine as sodium,and enr of loxacin.This synergy study was carried out against 3 clinical strains of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa).Methods:Evaluation of synergy interaction between plant extracts and antimicrobial agents was carried out using microdilution method.Results:The results of this study showed that there is a decrease in the MIC in case of combination of ethanolic plant extracts and test antimicrobial agents.The most interesting result was that the combination between R. coriaria and these antibiotics,showed a high decrease in minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC), and a strong bactericidal activity against these strains.Conclusions:These results may indicate that combinations between R.coriaria extract and these antibiotics could be useful in fighting emerging drug-resistance P.aeruginosa,which may due to that R.coriaria extract contain natural inhibitors working by different mechanisms or inhibiting efflux pumps.Now we have experiments underway leading to the identification of the active molecules present in R.coriaria.Further,in vivo experiments are needed to confirm pseudomonal protection.展开更多
It is studied that Rhus vernicifera laccase catalyzed oxidation of 26 disubstituted ferrocene and its metal complexes, π-arene-π-cyclopentadienyliron derivatives and metal meso-(tetra-4-sulfanatophenyl)porphyrin in ...It is studied that Rhus vernicifera laccase catalyzed oxidation of 26 disubstituted ferrocene and its metal complexes, π-arene-π-cyclopentadienyliron derivatives and metal meso-(tetra-4-sulfanatophenyl)porphyrin in the diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DGBE)/phosphate buffer (V/V, 1/5). It is found that 1,1′-bishydroxylmethyl ferrocene etc 16 compounds are new substrates of laccase. The relation of structure and function of substrates is discussed. The affective factors of laccase-catalyzed oxidation of 1,1′-bishydroxyl-methyl ferrocene—pH, temperature, substrate concentration, laccase quantity and surfactant were investigated further.展开更多
The molar reation enthalpy,the Michaelis constant and the observed rate constant of the reaction between the Rhus vernicifera laccase and p-phenylenediamine have been determined at 298. 15 K by LKB-2107 microcalorimet...The molar reation enthalpy,the Michaelis constant and the observed rate constant of the reaction between the Rhus vernicifera laccase and p-phenylenediamine have been determined at 298. 15 K by LKB-2107 microcalorimetry system in 0.1 mol/L phosphate salt buffer (pH7. 4) to be △rHm=-136.36±0. 36kJ/mol, Km= 5. 58×10-3 mol/L and k1 =8. 63×10-3s-1, respectively. The catalyst activity of laccase withp-phenylenediamine as substrate has been determined to be EA=0. 045 IU in the experimental condition.The observed activation energy of non-enzymic step of the reaction, the Gibbs binding energy of the combination process of laccase and substrate have been also calculated. The physical significance of the determined parameters were discussed for different step of the reaction.展开更多
文摘The present investigation reports the chemical composition of the Rhus typhina L. stem identified via mass spectrometry and NMR as gallic acid, 1-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose, tryptophan, scopolin, methyl gallate, fustin, quercetin, rutin, and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose. The antioxidant properties and the chemical composition contents of the R. typhina L. stem grown in different regions in China were determined. To determine the antioxidant activity, a total phenolic content analysis, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, and β-carotene linoleic acid model system were conducted. The results showed that the Rhus typhina L. stem possessed high antioxidant capacities due to its high phenolic content. The contents of the nine isolated compounds were determined by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The calibration curves of the nine isolated compounds were linear within the concentration range and the average recoveries were high. The result showed that 1-Ogalloyl-β-D-glucose, gallic acid, methyl gallate, and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucose could be the compounds mainly responsible for the antioxidant capacity of the R. typhina L. stem. This reveals that the R. typhina L. stem is a good source of antioxidants.
文摘Dimethoxyphenol was a widely used substrate in determination of laccases activity. It was surprised, however, that the products of it had not been completely determined until now. Studies were thus conducted on Rhus laccase (RL) and immobilized Rhus laccase (IRL)-catalyzed oxidation of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol (DMP) in water-organic solvent systems. Only one product, 3,3′,5,5′- tetramethoxy-1 ,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diol (TMBP), was produced by RL catalysis, and it was thoroughly characterized by FT-IR, NMR and GC-MS, etc.
文摘Background: Few anthelmintics are available for the treatment of hydatid disease caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus. The appearance of resistance to synthetic anthelmintics and the adverse side effects of chemical drugs, stimulated the research of alternatives, such as medicinal plants. In the present study, the scolicidal effect of methanolic extract of sumac (Rhus coriaria) was investigated. Methods: Protoscolices were aseptically collected from sheep livers containing hydatid cysts. Three concentrations of sumac extract (10, 30 and 50 mg/mL) were used for 10, 20 and 30 min. Viability of protoscolices was confirmed by 0.1% eosin staining. Results: While the rate of dead protoscolices was 16.93% in the ontrol group, when protoscolices were exposed to sumac extract at the concentration of 10 mg/mL , the rate of dead protoscolices increased to 94.13%, 97.67% and 100% after 10, 20 and 30 minutes, respectively. The mortality rate of protoscolices increased to 98.89%, and 100% when they were exposed to 30 mg/mL concentration of sumac extract for 10 and 20 minutes respectively. One hundred percent mortality rate was observed at concentration of 50 mg/mL after 10 min of exposure. Conclusions: This in vitro study showed that methanolic extract of R.coriaria may be considered as an effective natural scolicidal agent.
基金supported by a competitive research grant from the Research Office,University of KwaZulu-Natal,Durbanan incentive grant for rated researchers and grant support for women and young researchers from the National Research Foundation,Pretoria,South Africa
文摘Objective:To explore the antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Rhus longipes(R.longipes)leaf and stem bark aqueous infusions.Methods:R.longipes leaf and stem bark infusions were characterized via gas-chromatography mass-spectroscopy(GC-MS)analysis.In vitro antioxidant and carbohydrate and lipid digestive enzyme inhibitory activities of R.longipes infusions were determined.Additionally,the modulatory effects of R.longipes infusions on intestinal glucose absorption,muscle glucose uptake,and biomarkers of renal oxidative injury were evaluated.Molecular docking was performed to determine the binding affinities of the identified compounds from the leaf and stem bark infusions on carbohydrate and lipid digestive enzymes.Results:GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of several phytocompounds,including palmitoleic acid,octadecanamide,24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and L-ascorbic acid.The bark infusion had significantly higher total phenolic contents compared with the leaf infusion,with better DPPH scavenging[IC_(50):(10.50±1.03)μg/mL]and ferric reducing[IC_(50):(9.85±0.32)μg/mL]activities(P<0.05).Both R.longipes infusions at their highest concentrations significantly increased glucose uptake in yeast suspension and rat psoas muscle with marked suppression of glucose absorption in the rat jejunum(P<0.05).With no cytotoxicity on Vero cells,the infusions lowered lipid peroxidation,increased cellular reduced glutathione concentration,and the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase in renal homogenate treated with FeSO_(4).Conclusions:R.longipes shows antioxidant and antidiabetic activities and could be a potential therapeutic candidate for diabetes.
基金supported by the Major State Basic Research Development Program(973)of China(No.2011CB100400)Sci-technology Program of Guangdong Province(No.0203-E12147)
文摘The allelopathic potential of Rhus chinensis Mill on seedling growth of radish(Raphanus sativus L.),semen cassiae(seed of Cassia obtusifolia L.) and black soyabean [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] was investigated under laboratory conditions.The water extracts of seed,leaf and bark of R.chinensis inhibited the germination and the growth of roots and shoots of radish,semen cassiae,and black soyabean.Significant increasing reductions in the germination and growth of roots and shoots were observed as the concentration of water extract increased in all bioassays.The order of allelopathic potentials of the three parts from R.chinensis plant on seed germination of these receptors was leaf [ seed [ bark.However,the inhibition of water extracts from R.chinensis seed on root activity of semen cassiae was more severe than from the other two parts.The allelopathic potential on the germination of radish was higher than that of black soyabean and semen cassiae.The integrated effect index for allelopathic potential of water extracts of leaf of R.chinensis on radish,semen cassiae and black soyabean seedling growth were-0.88,-0.93 and-0.98 respectively.The results suggested that it is important to minimize the negative allelopathic potential of R.chinensis in agroforestry systems,and to exploit this traditional Chinese medicinal tree for the production of natural bio-pesticides.
文摘A novel antitumor agent was developed from six kinds of herbs containing Rhus verniciflua (Rv-PEM01). The components were traditionally established for each formula for traditional medicine. The formula was designed to affect antitumor effect as well as maintain host immune functions. First, we investigated the antiproliferative activities of Rv-PEM01 on human and canine tumor cell lines in vitro, and on antitumor effects using BALB/cAJcl-nu/nu mice in vivo. Acute oral toxicity of Rv-PEM01 was also investigated in vivo in ddY mice. Rv-PEM01 exhibited antiproliferative activities against PC-3 (IC50: 0.328 ± 0.081 mg/ml), A549 (IC50: 0.520 ± 0.070 mg/ml), D-17 (IC50: 0.124 ± 0.037 mg/ml) and MRC-5 (IC50: 0.505 ± 0.058 mg/ml) cells. Luteolin 7-β-D-glucopyranoside and apigenin 7-β-D-glucopyranoside were identified as the main active compounds in Rv-PEM01 by HPLC analysis. The single dose toxicity study of Rv-PEM01 did not result in any deaths or abnor-malities in daily behavior, body weight gain, or anatomical observations at necropsy. Thus, so we could not calculate the 50% lethal dose (LD50) in mice, but it would be higher than 5.0 g/kg. Treat- ment with Rv-PEM01 at a dose of 2.5 g/kg tended to show antitumor activities on mice bearing Colon26 tumors compared with the control group. It was concluded that the formula was a safe antitumor agent with no side effects on mouse physiological function as judged by survival and organ weight.
文摘Dog owners are increasingly seeking treatment when their pets develop cancers. As in human cancer patients, dogs with cancer are commonly treated with complementary and alternative therapies, including herbal medicines and nutritional supplements. A novel antitumor agent was developed from six different herbs including Rhus verniciflua (Rv-PEM01). The components were established from traditional herbal medicine and designed to affect antitumor activity and maintain host immune function. Previous studies identified anti-proliferative activity in human, murine and canine cancer cell lines. In this clinical study the safety and tolerability of Rv-PEM01 were evaluated in pet dogs with spontaneously occurring cancers. Twelve dogs were treated orally daily for 30 days in escalating dose (4 - 10 mg/kg orally once daily) cohorts. Rv-PEM01 was well tolerated;only transient mild elevations in BUN were observed in 2 dogs. Although tumor response was not a primary endpoint for this study, stable disease was maintained for 30 days in 5 (42%) of the dogs. In conclusion, Rv-PEM01 was found to be safe and well tolerated in the dosage range tested. Future studies should evaluate higher dosages of Rv-PEM01 in dogs with cancer, and specifically address other potential benefits of Rv-PEM01 in canine cancer patients, including correlative assessments of immune function, quality of life and owner satisfaction.
文摘Purpose: To determine the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy and the causes of visual impairment in an unselected population of type 2 diabetes patients, and to describe the risk factors for developing diabetic retinopathy in this populat ion. Methods: A total of 10851 type 2 diabetes patients were identified in the c ounty of úrhus. A representative sample of 378 patients underwent a routine ocu lar examination, including fundus photography. Blood pressure and serum haemoglo bin A1c, total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride a nd apolipoprotein a were measured. Results: The prevalence of diabetic retinopat hy in the type 2 diabetes population was 31.5%. In all, 2.9%had proliferative diabetic retinopathy and 5.3%had clinically significant macular oedema. Of the latter, 8/20 (40%) were newly identified and had not yet been lasertreated. The re was a positive correlation between severity of retinopathy and duration of di abetes, HbA1c, systolic blood pressure and treatment with insulin. None of the p atients had social blindness (visual acuity< 0.1), but 15/378 (4.0%) had develo ped visual impairment (VA < 0.3). Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic retinop athy and visual impairment in this unselected type 2 diabetes population was low er than anticipated from the existing literature,and causes other than diabetic retinopathy contributed significantly to the occurrence of visual loss. A substa ntial number of the patients with vision-threatening diabetic maculopathy had n ot been referred for timely photocoagulation treatment.
基金the Innovative Group Grant of the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China (30521002)Beijing Science and Technology Committee (H030630050490).
文摘Rhus typhina, an alien species introduced from North America, was identified as a main afforestation species in Beijing municipality. However, its invasiveness is still at odds. To clarify this problem, we applied the North American Screening System and the Australian Screening System to preliminarily predict its invasion possibility. Both screening systems gave the same recommendation to "reject". The geographical distribution was surveyed, with the population features of R. typhina against the native plant communities being assessed. With anthropogenic assistance, R. typhina has been scattered on almost all habitats from downtown to mountains, including roadsides, farmlands and protected areas. As a clonal shrub, R. typhina possessed a high spreading rate, varying from 6.3 m/3 years at sterile habitats to 6.7 m/3 years at fertile ones. Significantly lower species richness, individual density and diversity were observed in the R. typhina community than those of the native Vitex negundo Linn.var. heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd. community at both sterile and fertile habitats. Continual wide plantation of R. typhina may further foster its population expansion, which helps the species to overcome spatial isolation, The fact that each root fragment can develop into a new individual makes R. typhina very difficult to be eradicated once established. From a biological point of view, we believe that R. typhina is a plant invader in Beijing. We therefore suggest the government should remove the name of R. typhina from the main tree species list in afforesUng Beijing.
基金supported by a grant from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences–Iran (Grant No. 92-5581)
文摘Background: Lipid-lowering effect ofRhus coriaria L. (Rhus) has been investigated in multiple animal stud- ies with promising results. Nonetheless, its clinical efficacy has not been adequately examined. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid-lowering effects of Rhus among patients with hyperlipidemia. Design, setting, participants and interventions: The study was designed as a two-arm, double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, using a parallel design. Eighty patients with primary hyper- lipidemia were randomly assigned to receive Rhus capsules or placebo for 6 weeks. Main outcome measures: The serum lipid levels, apolipoprotein-A1 (Apo-A1) and apolipoprotein-B (Apo-B) were measured. Results: Mean serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and Apo-Al levels were significantly increased in the Rhus group, compared with the placebo group, after 6 weeks of intervention (P= 0.001). The analysis of covariance test including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and smoking as co-variables revealed that the increase in HDL-C and Apo-A1 levels remained significant, and increases in HDL-C were dependent on the increase in Apo-A1 levels. No significant difference was observed between Rhus and placebo groups in terms of mean reductions in total cholesterol, low-density lipopro- tein cholesterol and triglyceride levels; however, more significant improvement was observed among obese patients (BMI≥ 30 kg/m^2). Conclusion: The study showed significant increases in HDL-C and Apo-Al levels in response to Rhus sup- plementation in patients with hyperlipidemia. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02295293.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi (No.9743018)
文摘Kinetic experiments were performed to study the effects of Pd2+ ion on the oxidation of 5,6-dibro-mo-2,3-dicyanohydroquinone catalyzed by Rhus vernicifera laccase under condition of pH 4.5 and 30 × 0. 1℃ . The results showed that the mixed activation could be observed when Pd2+ ion was at low concentrations. The competitive and non-competitive activation constants were 9 × 10 and 2 × 10-6 mol/L, respectively. With the increase of Pd2+ ion concentration, the activation was gradually converted into mixed inhibition, and the competitive and non-competitive inhibition constants were 6 × 10-6 and 32 × 10-6 mol/L, respectively.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the possible in vitro interaction between ethanolic extracts of Rhus coriaria[R.coriaria)(seed),Sacropoterium spinosum(S.spinosum)(seed),Rosa damascena(R. damascene)(flower) and certain known antimicrobial drugs including oxytetracycline HCl, penicillin C,cephalexin,sulfadimethoxine as sodium,and enr of loxacin.This synergy study was carried out against 3 clinical strains of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.aeruginosa).Methods:Evaluation of synergy interaction between plant extracts and antimicrobial agents was carried out using microdilution method.Results:The results of this study showed that there is a decrease in the MIC in case of combination of ethanolic plant extracts and test antimicrobial agents.The most interesting result was that the combination between R. coriaria and these antibiotics,showed a high decrease in minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC), and a strong bactericidal activity against these strains.Conclusions:These results may indicate that combinations between R.coriaria extract and these antibiotics could be useful in fighting emerging drug-resistance P.aeruginosa,which may due to that R.coriaria extract contain natural inhibitors working by different mechanisms or inhibiting efflux pumps.Now we have experiments underway leading to the identification of the active molecules present in R.coriaria.Further,in vivo experiments are needed to confirm pseudomonal protection.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39170 2 0 3)
文摘It is studied that Rhus vernicifera laccase catalyzed oxidation of 26 disubstituted ferrocene and its metal complexes, π-arene-π-cyclopentadienyliron derivatives and metal meso-(tetra-4-sulfanatophenyl)porphyrin in the diethylene glycol monobutyl ether (DGBE)/phosphate buffer (V/V, 1/5). It is found that 1,1′-bishydroxylmethyl ferrocene etc 16 compounds are new substrates of laccase. The relation of structure and function of substrates is discussed. The affective factors of laccase-catalyzed oxidation of 1,1′-bishydroxyl-methyl ferrocene—pH, temperature, substrate concentration, laccase quantity and surfactant were investigated further.
文摘The molar reation enthalpy,the Michaelis constant and the observed rate constant of the reaction between the Rhus vernicifera laccase and p-phenylenediamine have been determined at 298. 15 K by LKB-2107 microcalorimetry system in 0.1 mol/L phosphate salt buffer (pH7. 4) to be △rHm=-136.36±0. 36kJ/mol, Km= 5. 58×10-3 mol/L and k1 =8. 63×10-3s-1, respectively. The catalyst activity of laccase withp-phenylenediamine as substrate has been determined to be EA=0. 045 IU in the experimental condition.The observed activation energy of non-enzymic step of the reaction, the Gibbs binding energy of the combination process of laccase and substrate have been also calculated. The physical significance of the determined parameters were discussed for different step of the reaction.