Effects of light-emitting diodes on tissue culture plantlets and seedlings of rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Light-emitting diodes(L EDs)are a new light source with low energy consumption and high photoelectric conversion efficiency,and they can satisfy the energy-saving needs of plant culture systems.However,the effects of LED light sources on rice tissue culture and rice seedling cultivation are poorly understood.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of LEDs on the growth of tissue culture plantlets and seedlings of the rice(Oryza sativa L.)cultivar Nipponbare.The best light source for rice tissue culture was different from that for rice seedling cultivation.Blue(B)LED light was the most appropriate light for rice tissue culture.Under a B LED light,the time required for callus proliferation,differentiation and regeneration was the shortest,and the frequency of plantlet ititin,dfferetiation and regeneration was the highest.Ablue:red(B:R)=1:1LED light facilitated the growth of rice seedlings and produced the highest chlorophyll and carotenoid contents and photosynthetic rates in the rice seedlings.Abundant photosynthetic products were more effectively generated in the rice seedlings under the B:R=1:1 LED and R LED lights than under the B LED light.B LED light is the most appropriate light for rice tissue culture plantlets and can be used as an alternative light source for rice tissue culture,and B:R=1:1 LED light facilitated the cultivation of robust rice seedlings and can be used as the primary light source for rice factory seedling cultivation.

Rural Tourism Development Model of Rice Cultivation Terrace Culture Heritage in Chongyi

The development of rural tourism is one of important measures for the protection and inheritance of agricultural cultural heritage,while agricultural cultural heritage also becomes decisive factor of promoting rural tourism development.They complement each other and develop together.In this paper,Hakka terrace of Chongyi,Ganzhou City,Jiangxi Province is taken as the research object,and its cultural heritage is interpreted and classified.It could be roughly divided into four aspects:farming belief and cultural legend,processing techniques of agricultural by-products,traditional farming technology experience,traditional eco-agricultural system and landscape.Based on the four aspects,combining local current tourism resource use situation,four kinds of rural tourism development models based on rice cultivation terrace culture heritage are summarized.

Sustainable Development of Wannian Rice Cultivation Culture System

Based on the research on the relevant background and significance of the sustainable development of agricultural cultural heritage,taking Wannian rice cultivation culture system as an example and its natural environment,traditional agricultural production activities,unique cultural patterns,socio-economic development and protection,and protection and development approach as the basis for evaluation,an evaluation index system for the sustainable development of Wannian rice cultivation culture system was constructed.Each index was quantified and standardized,and their weight was determined through the analytic hierarchy process to obtain the comprehensive evaluation value of the sustainable development of Wannian rice cultivation culture system.The evaluation value was analyzed to propose the main issues in the sustainable development of Wannian rice cultivation culture.

The Historical Status of Guizhou Province on Glutinous Rice Cultivation Sphere of China

Guizhou Province is part of the glutinous rice cultivation sphere in our country.Its rice production and germplasm resources play an important role.The southeast region is the centre of the Guizhou glutinous rice cultivation and characterized by waxy wo,which is treasure of the original farming culture of southeast Guizhou region and an important symbol for ethnic cultural identity of the region.

Effects of Land Management Practices on Labile Organic Carbon Fractions in Rice Cultivation

A research trial with four land management practices, i.e., traditional tillage-fallow (TTF), traditional tillage-wheat (TTW), conservation tillage-fallow (CTF) and conservation tillage-wheat (CTW), was sampled in the 15th year after its establishment to assess the effects of different management practices on labile organic carbon fractions (LOCFs), such as easily oxidizable organic carbon (EOC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), particulate organic carbon (POC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in a typical paddy soil, Chongqing, Southwest China. The results indicated that LOCFs were significantly influenced by the combination of no-tillage, ridge culture and crop rotation. And, different combination patterns showed different effectiveness on soil LOCFs. The effects of no-tillage, ridge culture and wheat cultivation on EOC, DOC, POC and MBC mainly happened at 0-10cm. At this depth, soil under CTW had higher EOC, DOC, POC and MBC contents, compared to TTF, TTW and CTF, respectively. Moreover, the contents of LOCFs for different practices generally decreased when the soil depth increased. Our findings suggest that the paddy soil in Southwest China could be managed to concentrate greater quantities of EOC, DOC, POC and MBC.

从“那”字地名和稻作习俗看壮族和泰族的历史文化关系--壮族文化语言学研究系列论文之三

中国壮族和泰国泰族,是自古从事稻作农业生产的民族,壮语和泰语均称水田为"那"(na2),壮族和泰族聚居的乡村有许多带"那""纳"(水田)字地名,构词和含义基本相同;有相近同的稻作农业生产及加工食品词汇并自成体系;有类似的稻作生产传统仪俗和信俗观念。特定的地名在相当的程度上反映着一定的民族的历史和文化,往往为揭开民族来源和历史文化的谜团提供重要的证据。

水稻-乌龟共作模式经济效益分析

为探讨水稻-乌龟共作模式的经济效益,于2018—2019年在芜湖市无为县陡沟镇开展水稻-乌龟共作试验,试验面积1.66 hm^(2)。结果发现,2018—2019年生产成本共286580元,平均每年生产成本86319元/hm^(2);总收入553300元,除去生产成本,净收入266720元,平均每年净收益为80337元/hm^(2),投入产出比为1∶1.93。水稻仅在移栽初期施肥1次,生长过程中未追肥,未使用农药。由此可见,水稻-乌龟共作模式可以减少化肥和农药的使用,在保证水稻产量的同时,具有较好的经济效益。

稻作文化遗产活化赋能乡村游乐产业的几个设计思路

从稻作器具、稻作民俗节庆、稻米饮食、稻作文学艺术等方面对稻作文化遗产进行系统的梳理和分类介绍。通过对金华市金东区的琐园村、金华市农耕文化园等项目中稻作文化应用现状分析,得出当前稻作文化遗产在乡村旅游应用中存在的问题,如价值挖掘与激活方式有待进一步加强、缺乏文化原真性传承的思考、融入的业态需进一步创新拓展等。归纳总结了稻作文化遗产在赋能乡村旅游中应遵循的盈利性、原真性、趣味性三原则。最后分别从稻作器具、稻作民俗节庆、稻作文学艺术中选取了1个文化节点,设计了3款不同的游乐设施,供发展稻作文化遗产活化赋能乡村游乐产业参考。

Response of rice cultivation to fluctuating sea level during the Mid-Holocene

Archaeological analysis of a section of ancient rice fields at Tianluoshan for diatoms, seeds and phytoliths has shown that the highest local sea level in eastern China during the Holocene appeared before 7.0 ka BP. Entering the Mid-Holocene, as seawater regressed, a vast wetland plain appeared in the coastal area, where farmers of the Neolithic Hemudu culture cultivated rice. However, there were still several sea-level fluctuations in the Mid-Holocene, of which the biggest were from 6.4 to 6.3 ka BP and from 4.6 to 2.1 ka BP. In addition, in the period dominated by wetland grass vegetation, 6.3 to 4.6 ka BP, smaller fluctuations appar- ently pushed the coastline back on to the land. Even though the sea-level rises associated with these shoreline transgressions did not have the intensity of the highest sea level period, there still would have been profound impacts on the lives and production activities of people living in the region. Archaeological evidence from ancient rice fields at Tianluoshan shows that larger sea-level rise events pushed seawater onto the land and inundated large areas of rice fields, whereas weaker sea-level rise events resulted in the intrusion of seawater along rivers, causing an increase in soil salinity and a decrease in rice yields. The impact of sea-level rise on rice cultivation caused changes in local diet. In regions where rice production fell, the prevalence of gathering and hunting rose. High sea levels in the early Holocene imply that the origin of rice cultivation in the eastern coastal plain is likely to have been in small nearby mountain basins.

地方院校本土课程“农俗文化”的内容建设与现代价值研究——以普洱地区为例

经过岁月沉淀后形成的农俗文化是珍贵的物质文化资源,已成为云南本地世代相传的思维方式、价值观念、行为准则和风俗习惯。云南普洱地区主要围绕茶山、林地、水稻田从事农业生产活动,最终由茶俗文化、养生文化和稻作文化等共同组成了具有多民族特色的边地文化。基于普洱地区多民族农业习俗的“农俗文化”用二十四节气串联茶俗、养生习俗、稻作习俗、建造筑物习俗、吉祥文化和特色民俗活动6个部分,该课程内容具有民族性、功能性、工艺性和文化性。学生能结合自己的专业继续继承、开发具有鲜明地域特色的农俗文化,为乡村振兴贡献自己的一份力量。

再论中国稻作文化的起源

学术界在稻作文化起源的研究中,尽管角度各异,但都不约而同地认为中国是稻作文化的重要起源地。具体在稻作文化起源地和发生的时间段,水稻驯化技术、代表文化功能等方面,则存在多种不同见解。综合稻作文化起源的研究成果,稻作文化起源的关键在于人与自然环境之间的主动和被动关系互换,以及在此过程中形成的人—水—稻和谐共生,有序组合模式。

稻蟹共生系统水稻栽培模式对水稻和河蟹的影响

【目的】稻蟹共生生态系统是一种新型稻田种养模式,对推动水稻种植变革和加快现代农业发展具有重要意义。目前关于稻蟹生态种养模式的研究主要集中于河蟹放养密度、水稻生长情况及产量、水体生态环境和浮游生物等研究,而关于水稻栽插密度方面的研究尚未见报道。本试验旨在研究不同水稻栽培模式对水稻茎蘖情况、植株生物产量、茎秆构成、产量构成及综合经济效益的影响,探索通过优化水稻栽插密度以达到水稻性状指标的最佳及产量效益的最大化,进一步完善稻蟹共作模式的技术和理论体系研究。【方法】试验共设置养蟹田单穴单株水稻(T1)、单穴双株水稻(T2)、单穴四株水稻(T3)和不养蟹田单穴双株水稻(CK)4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每处理单元格面积为50 m2,其中养蟹田每试验小格放养规格为12 000只/kg的幼蟹(Ⅲ期仔蟹)900只,生长周期共137 d。于水稻的4个生长时期(返青期、拔节期、孕穗期和成熟期),每试验小区随机选取3个采样点,每点连续选择10穴水稻,分别测定记录水稻茎蘖情况、生物产量、植株性状指标及水稻产量。【结果】与不养蟹稻田相比,相同水稻栽培密度下养蟹稻田可以增加约0.17个有效蘖/穴,提高水稻植株生物产量3.3%,对水稻茎秆构成影响不显著,但对水稻的结实率和穗粒数影响较显著,同时可以增加约11.5%的水稻产量;养蟹稻田内各试验处理间水稻分蘖数受每穴栽插株数影响显著,单穴四株有效穗数最高且显著单穴双株和单穴单株,水稻生物产量以单穴四株最高,水稻茎秆性状则随水稻栽插密度增加呈现逐渐弱化趋势;单穴单株水稻的穗粒数、结实率、千粒重较其他处理则分别提高6—26个、1.2%—3.6%、1.5%—3.3%,其他性状指标则要低于平均水平。【结论】基于水稻生长性状指标及经济效益分析,养蟹田单穴单株水稻植株性状要优于其他处理,水稻产量则以养蟹田单穴四株水稻产量最高;基于幼蟹产量及效益考虑,单穴单株幼蟹产量要明显高于其他两个处理,单穴单株水稻性状优势明显且综合经济效益达到最高。

耕作模式对冷浸田水稻产量和土壤特性的影响

为探明不同耕作模式对冷浸田的影响机制,挖掘冷浸田的生产潜力,以冷浸田为研究对象,通过田间试验,以常规平作模式为对照,研究了垄作和稻鱼共作模式对冷浸田水稻产量以及土壤团聚体、温度、pH及有机质和还原性物质含量以及酶活性的影响。结果表明：相比对照（CK）,垄作模式（T1）能显著降低土壤微团聚体（〈0.25 mm）含量,促进大团聚体的形成,提高土壤温度,增加土壤有机质含量,提高土壤pH,抑制水稻分蘖期后土壤亚铁含量的上升,降低土壤亚锰含量,减轻其对水稻根系的毒害作用,提高土壤酶活性,增加土壤速效养分含量。稻鱼共作模式（T2）对冷浸田土壤理化性状影响不显著,但能显著增加土壤速效养分含量,土壤速效钾含量在水稻孕穗期和成熟期分别较对照（CK）增加18.2%和69.2%,从而为水稻生长提供良好的土壤环境和营养,促进水稻生长发育,提高水稻产量。研究表明T1和T2模式能显著提高冷浸田水稻产量,增产范围为8.8%~25.8%,T1模式增产效果最显著,实际产量达到7 623 kg·hm-2。综上所述,垄作模式可以有效地改善冷浸田土壤特性,提高水稻产量,而稻鱼共作模式增产效果主要体现在增加冷浸田水体和土壤的速效养分。

蛹虫草人工栽培研究进展

蛹虫草是一种珍贵的药食同源真菌,具有防癌、抗菌、提高免疫力等功效。目前,在蛹虫草的菌种选育、人工栽培、药理、化学成分等方面已进行了广泛的研究,并取得了可喜的成果。依据近年来的有关研究成果,就人工栽培蛹虫草的研究状况展开论述,为进一步深入研究蛹虫草人工栽培和探索蛹虫草产业化发展途径提供参考。

稻蟹共生系统不同水稻栽培模式土壤理化性状和有效养分的变化规律

试验设置养蟹田单穴单株、单穴双株、单穴四株和不养蟹田单穴双株4个处理,研究了不同水稻栽培模式下稻田土壤容重、团聚体含量、pH、有机质、土壤总氮、碱解氮、速效磷、有效钾和水稻产量的变化规律。结果表明:与不养蟹稻田相比,养蟹稻田可以显著降低土壤容重,增加粒径>0.2 mm团聚体的含量,降低粒径<0.002 mm微团聚体的含量,土壤团聚化程度加强,同时可以调节土壤pH,显著提高土壤中有机质的含量,但对土壤总氮含量影响不显著,在水稻生长后期会显著提高土壤中碱解氮、速效磷、有效钾含量,养蟹稻田内理化性状和土壤养分含量受栽培模式的影响均不显著。养蟹稻田水稻产量高于常规稻田,养蟹稻田内各处理间差异不显著,以单穴四株水稻产量最高。

覆膜旱作水稻生育特点及其适宜栽培技术的研究

对覆膜旱作水稻栽培措施进行了研究，结果表明：覆膜旱作水稻分蘖持续时间长，分蘖旺盛，分蘖苗多但成穗率低，平均５０％左右；旱作水分胁迫光合生长，全生育期延长半个月以上；与同等肥力水平水作相比，旱作水稻平均每穗粒数减少１０粒以上，每穗实粒数减少１５．９～１９．６粒，千粒重下降１．２～１．５ｇ，最终减产２０％左右，且减产幅度随稀植程度增大而加剧。旱作每公顷产谷７５００ｋｇ（以上）的栽培条件是：施纯氮１８０．０ｋｇ，Ｎ∶Ｐ∶Ｋ约３∶１∶２，栽插密度１０．５万穴／ｈｍ２，双本栽，在此基础上适当增施氮肥和提高栽插基本苗数可提高产量。

晚稻免耕抛秧高产机理研究

与全耕抛秧相比 ,免耕抛秧水稻根系发达 ,分布在浅表层 ,生长后期叶片长势好 ,青叶数多 ,合成干物质多 ,具有良好的穗粒结构 ,穗大粒多 ,地上部与地下部的干物质积累多 ,最后形成了较高的水稻产量。

云南稻作民族文化生态

稻作文化是云南稻作民族能动地适应生存环境的社会成果。云南稻作民族的生存环境立体多样 ,内部纵横分割、地形破碎封闭 ;区位具有过渡性 :是青藏高原与东部平原、丘陵之间的过渡地带和东亚大陆、南亚次大陆和中南半岛之间的过渡地带 ,中原文化、印度文化、中南半岛文化在此交汇 ,与本土文化圆融 ,古代三大原始族群在此繁衍融合。这种立体多样的文化生态孕育了多姿多彩、独具特色的多个稻作文化亚型。云南各稻作民族在长期能动适应文化生态的过程中 ,形成了与其生存环境相适应的独特的民族立体分布格局 ,独特的祭祀活动。

稻文化的再思考(8):古今科技——耕作栽培:从面朝黄土背朝天到把舵铁牛耕种收

我国水稻栽培历史悠久,从原始的刀耕火种到利用工具造田再到逐步实现耕、种、收全程机械化,人们积累了丰富的生产经验,并不断总结和创新了栽培技术。文章概述了我国古今水稻主要生产环节的技术进步以及水稻栽培理论体系和种植制度的形成和发展,供人们概略了解水稻栽培技术方面的变迁。

中国鸟信仰的形成、发展与衍化

追寻中国鸟信仰的生成,是对中国文化原点探索的又一次尝试。中国远古江南先民的稻作生产方式导致了人们对鸟的崇信,鸟信仰衍变构成的中华文化丰富发达的鸟信仰系统,几乎渗透到了人们的物质生活精神生活的各个方面。