Comparison of four methods of DNA extraction from rice

Polyphenols,teroens,and resinsmake it difficult to obtain high qualitygenomic DNA from rice.Four ex-traction methods were compared inour study,and CTAB precipitationwas the most practical one.Materials used were old leavesfrom Ftransgenic rice in Hainan andfresh leaves from Ftransgenic rice inKunming.Procedures of the four methodswere as follows:1.Basical method:powder 1 gold or new leaves→added 2 ml ex-traction solution(100 mmol/L

A comprehensive review on anti-diabetic property of rice bran

Rice bran(RB) is one of the nutrient-rich agricultural byproducts. It is a composite of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, fibers, minerals, and trace elements such as phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and manganese. The extraction and purification process influences the quality and quantity of rice bran oil, which is rich in tocopherols, tocotrienols, 毭-oryzanol, and unsaturated fatty acids. The bioactive components of RB have been reported for exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, anti-cancer, anti-colitis, and antidiabetic properties. In vitro and in vivo studies, and clinical trials in human volunteers revealed the anti-hyperglycemic activity of RB derived compounds. An updated comprehensive review on the antidiabetic property of RB and its derivative is required to appraise the current knowledge in the particular field. Thus, the present paper covered the composition and bioactivities of RB, and influence of extraction methods on the biological property of rice bran oil and rice bran extract. And the current review also focused on the reported antihyperglycemia activity of rice bran derivatives, and its probable mechanism.

Reactive oxygen species and senescence modulatory effects of rice bran extract on 4T1 and NIH-3T3 cells co-treatment with doxorubicin

Objective:To determine the effect of rice bran extract(RBE)in combination with doxorubicin on 4 T1 triple-negative breast cancer cells and NIH-3 T3 cells.Methods:RBE was obtained by maceration with n-hexane.The phytochemical profile of RBE was observed using highperformance liquid chromatography.Cytotoxic effect of RBE was evaluated through MTT assay.In addition,flow cytometry was used for cell cycle and apoptosis analysis.Cellular senescence was observed using SA-β-Gal assay and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were evaluated using DCFDA staining.The pro-oxidant property of RBE was also evaluated through 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene spectrophotometry and molecular docking.Results:RBE was obtained with a yield of 18.42%w/w and contained tocotrienols as the major compound.RBE exerted no cytotoxic effect on 4 T1 and NIH-3 T3 cells.However,RBE in combination with doxorubicin decreased 4 T1 cell viability synergistically(combination index<0.9)and induced apoptosis and senescence on 4 T1 cells.RBE significantly decreased senescence in doxorubicin-treated NIH-3 T3 cells.Additionally,RBE did not increase ROS levels in doxorubicin-treated 4 T1 cells.Meanwhile,the combination of RBE and doxorubicin reduced ROS levels in NIH-3 T3 cells.RBE significantly reduced glutathione-S-transferase activity and alpha-tocotrienol interacted with glutathione-Stransferase in the glutathione binding site.Conclusions:Rice bran may be used as a co-chemotherapeutic agent to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of doxorubicin while protecting against the cellular senescence effects of doxorubicin on healthy cells.

Iksan526 Rice Callus Extract Induces Dedifferentiation of Rabbit Articular Chondrocytes via ERK1/2 and PI-3K/Akt Pathways

The resveratrol-enriched transgenic rice line Iksan526(IS526),first developed by the Rural Development Administration of Korea using genetic engineering techniques,shows beneficial health effects in mitigating metabolic syndrome and obesity.However,the effects of IS526 on the differentiation of chondrocytes and the underlying mechanism have not been investigated in detail.In this study,the effects and cellular regulatory mechanisms of IS526 on rabbit articular chondrocytes were examined.Following IS526 callus extract treatment,the expression levels of differentiation-related proteins were detected via western blotting,Alcian blue staining and immune-luorescence staining.IS526 decreased the type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan levels in dose-and time-dependent manners.We further analyzed the effects of IS526 on skeleton genesis in zebrafish larvae using Alcian blue staining,which showed a reduction in cartilage formation along with increased production of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-13.IS526 also increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 kinase but inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt.Pharmacological inhibition of MMP-13 blocked the IS526-induced decrease in type Ⅱ collagen levels.Inhibition of p38 kinase or PI-3K/Akt with SB203580 and LY294002 enhanced the suppression of type Ⅱ collagen,but the blockage of ERK-1/2 by PD98059 rescued IS526-induced dedifferentiation.These results suggested that IS526 regulates type Ⅱ collagen and MMP-13 expression via the ERK1/2 and PI-3K/Akt pathways in rabbit articular chondrocytes.