A comparative study on chloroplast ultrastructure and light harvesting complex of photosystem Ⅱ （LHC Ⅱ） was conducted between a new rice mutant （W2555） and its wild type （WT）. The chloroplasts of W2555 had les...A comparative study on chloroplast ultrastructure and light harvesting complex of photosystem Ⅱ （LHC Ⅱ） was conducted between a new rice mutant （W2555） and its wild type （WT）. The chloroplasts of W2555 had less thylakoids and grana stacks compared with the wild type. There was no significant change in the composition of LHC Ⅱ polypeptide in W2555, while a decline had been noted in LHC Ⅱ content. Northern blot analysis with a specific cab gene probe showed no appreciable difference in the LHC Ⅱ mRNA level between the W2555and its wild type. The precursors of chlorophyll synthesis, 6-aminolevulinic acid （ALA） and porphobilinogen （PBG） were over accumulated in W2555, but the other precursors were all decreased. These results indicated that the decreased level of LHC Ⅱ in the mutant W2555 was attributed to the change of cab gene transcription, but a blockage in chlorophyll biosynthesis due to the formation of uroporphyrinogen Ⅲ （Urogen Ⅲ）.展开更多
W25 was a gamma-irradiation induced albinorice mutant line, which only expressed in thespecial temperatures (see figure). At 30 Cand 35 C, the seedling leaves of W25 showedgreenish or normal green, but they exhibiteda...W25 was a gamma-irradiation induced albinorice mutant line, which only expressed in thespecial temperatures (see figure). At 30 Cand 35 C, the seedling leaves of W25 showedgreenish or normal green, but they exhibitedalbino at 25℃, which could be greenish afterthe fourth leaf extension and recovered to be展开更多
A double mutant with streaked leaf and abnormal floret was found and temporarily named streaked leaf and floral organ number mutant （st-fon）. For this mutant, besides white streak appeared on culm, leaves and panicl...A double mutant with streaked leaf and abnormal floret was found and temporarily named streaked leaf and floral organ number mutant （st-fon）. For this mutant, besides white streak appeared on culm, leaves and panicles, the number of floral organs increased and florets cracked. The extreme phenotype was that several small florets grew from one floret or branch rachis in small florets extended and developed into panicles. By using transmission electron microscope to observe the ultrastructure of white histocytes of leaves at the seedling stage, the white tissues which showed abnormal plastids, lamellas and thylakoids could not develop into normal chloroplast, and the development of chloroplast was blocked at the early growth stage of plastid. Scanning electron microscope and paraffin section were also used to observe the development of floral organs, and the results indicated that the development of floral meristem was out of order and unlimited, whereas in the twisty leaves, vascular bundle sheath cells grew excessively, or some bubbly cells increased. Genetic analyses carried out by means of cross and backcross with four normal-leaf-color materials revealed that the mutant is of cytoplasm inheritance.展开更多
Albino mutants are useful genetic resource for studying chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development and cloning genes involved in these processes in plants. Here we report a novel rice mutant low temperature ...Albino mutants are useful genetic resource for studying chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development and cloning genes involved in these processes in plants. Here we report a novel rice mutant low temperature albino I （ltal） that showed albino leaves before 4-leaf stage when grown under temperature lower than 20℃, but developed normal green leaves under temperature higher than 24℃ or similar morphological phenotypes in dark as did the wild-type （WT）. Our analysis showed that the contents of chlorophylls and chlo- rophyll precursors were remarkably decreased in the Ital mutant under low temperature compared to WT. Transmission electron microscope observation revealed that chloroplasts were defectively developed in the albino ltal leaves, which lacked of well-stacked granum and contained less stroma lamellae. These results suggested that the ltal mutation may delay the light-induced thylakoid assembly under low temperature. Genetic analysis indicated that the albino phenotype was controlled by a single recessive locus. Through map-based approach, we finally located the Ltal gene to a region of 40.3 kb on the short arm of chromosome 11. There are 8 predicted open reading frames （ORFs） in this region and two of them were deleted in ltal genome compared with the WT genome. The further characterization of the Ltal gene would provide a good approach to uncover the novel molecular mechanisms involved in chloroplast development under low temperature stress.展开更多
叶色突变是一类十分明显的性状突变,在高等植物的叶绿素合成、叶绿体结构、功能、遗传、分化与发育等基础研究中均具有重要意义。到目前为止,已鉴定多个重要的水稻功能基因,据不完全统计,水稻中至少已定位了79个叶色突变位点,并已成功...叶色突变是一类十分明显的性状突变,在高等植物的叶绿素合成、叶绿体结构、功能、遗传、分化与发育等基础研究中均具有重要意义。到目前为止,已鉴定多个重要的水稻功能基因,据不完全统计,水稻中至少已定位了79个叶色突变位点,并已成功克隆出多个叶色相关基因,其中OsCHLH、OsCAO1、OsCAO2、chlorina1、chlorina9、ygl等直接参与编码叶绿素合成,其余基因均参与叶绿体发育调控。在日本晴(Nipponbare)T-DNA插入突变体库中筛选到一份对温度敏感的白条纹突变体gws(green-white-stripe),遗传分析表明它来自组织培养过程中的单隐性基因突变。利用gws与培矮64杂交组合的F2代群体,将Gws精细定位于第6染色体标记InDel15和InDel16之间,物理距离为73kb,此区间内包含13个基因。基因组序列分析发现,突变体在核糖核苷二磷酸还原酶小亚基(ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase small chain,RNRS1)编码区第314～315碱基发生缺失,第316～317碱基由GC变为TT,导致该基因阅读框移码突变,蛋白质翻译提前终止。该基因是已经报道的水稻白条纹叶基因St1(Stripe1)的等位基因,gws突变体较st1突变体的白条纹出现早且明显,gws白条纹表型出现在第2片叶之后,而st1的白条纹表型仅出现在第4或5片叶之后。展开更多
文摘A comparative study on chloroplast ultrastructure and light harvesting complex of photosystem Ⅱ （LHC Ⅱ） was conducted between a new rice mutant （W2555） and its wild type （WT）. The chloroplasts of W2555 had less thylakoids and grana stacks compared with the wild type. There was no significant change in the composition of LHC Ⅱ polypeptide in W2555, while a decline had been noted in LHC Ⅱ content. Northern blot analysis with a specific cab gene probe showed no appreciable difference in the LHC Ⅱ mRNA level between the W2555and its wild type. The precursors of chlorophyll synthesis, 6-aminolevulinic acid （ALA） and porphobilinogen （PBG） were over accumulated in W2555, but the other precursors were all decreased. These results indicated that the decreased level of LHC Ⅱ in the mutant W2555 was attributed to the change of cab gene transcription, but a blockage in chlorophyll biosynthesis due to the formation of uroporphyrinogen Ⅲ （Urogen Ⅲ）.
文摘W25 was a gamma-irradiation induced albinorice mutant line, which only expressed in thespecial temperatures (see figure). At 30 Cand 35 C, the seedling leaves of W25 showedgreenish or normal green, but they exhibitedalbino at 25℃, which could be greenish afterthe fourth leaf extension and recovered to be
基金supported by the Foundation Program,Innovative Team Development Plan of the Ministry of Education,China(Grant No.IRT0453)the Financial Gene Engineering Excellent Article Foundation Program of Sichuan Province,China(Grant No.2011LWJJ-005)
文摘A double mutant with streaked leaf and abnormal floret was found and temporarily named streaked leaf and floral organ number mutant （st-fon）. For this mutant, besides white streak appeared on culm, leaves and panicles, the number of floral organs increased and florets cracked. The extreme phenotype was that several small florets grew from one floret or branch rachis in small florets extended and developed into panicles. By using transmission electron microscope to observe the ultrastructure of white histocytes of leaves at the seedling stage, the white tissues which showed abnormal plastids, lamellas and thylakoids could not develop into normal chloroplast, and the development of chloroplast was blocked at the early growth stage of plastid. Scanning electron microscope and paraffin section were also used to observe the development of floral organs, and the results indicated that the development of floral meristem was out of order and unlimited, whereas in the twisty leaves, vascular bundle sheath cells grew excessively, or some bubbly cells increased. Genetic analyses carried out by means of cross and backcross with four normal-leaf-color materials revealed that the mutant is of cytoplasm inheritance.
基金supported by the grants from the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2009CB119000)the Ministry of Agriculture of China for Transgenic Research (Nos.2011ZX08009-003,2011ZX08001-005)the National Science Foundation of China(Nos.31000094,30970246, 31100188 and 31161130533)
文摘Albino mutants are useful genetic resource for studying chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development and cloning genes involved in these processes in plants. Here we report a novel rice mutant low temperature albino I （ltal） that showed albino leaves before 4-leaf stage when grown under temperature lower than 20℃, but developed normal green leaves under temperature higher than 24℃ or similar morphological phenotypes in dark as did the wild-type （WT）. Our analysis showed that the contents of chlorophylls and chlo- rophyll precursors were remarkably decreased in the Ital mutant under low temperature compared to WT. Transmission electron microscope observation revealed that chloroplasts were defectively developed in the albino ltal leaves, which lacked of well-stacked granum and contained less stroma lamellae. These results suggested that the ltal mutation may delay the light-induced thylakoid assembly under low temperature. Genetic analysis indicated that the albino phenotype was controlled by a single recessive locus. Through map-based approach, we finally located the Ltal gene to a region of 40.3 kb on the short arm of chromosome 11. There are 8 predicted open reading frames （ORFs） in this region and two of them were deleted in ltal genome compared with the WT genome. The further characterization of the Ltal gene would provide a good approach to uncover the novel molecular mechanisms involved in chloroplast development under low temperature stress.
文摘叶色突变是一类十分明显的性状突变,在高等植物的叶绿素合成、叶绿体结构、功能、遗传、分化与发育等基础研究中均具有重要意义。到目前为止,已鉴定多个重要的水稻功能基因,据不完全统计,水稻中至少已定位了79个叶色突变位点,并已成功克隆出多个叶色相关基因,其中OsCHLH、OsCAO1、OsCAO2、chlorina1、chlorina9、ygl等直接参与编码叶绿素合成,其余基因均参与叶绿体发育调控。在日本晴(Nipponbare)T-DNA插入突变体库中筛选到一份对温度敏感的白条纹突变体gws(green-white-stripe),遗传分析表明它来自组织培养过程中的单隐性基因突变。利用gws与培矮64杂交组合的F2代群体,将Gws精细定位于第6染色体标记InDel15和InDel16之间,物理距离为73kb,此区间内包含13个基因。基因组序列分析发现,突变体在核糖核苷二磷酸还原酶小亚基(ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase small chain,RNRS1)编码区第314～315碱基发生缺失,第316～317碱基由GC变为TT,导致该基因阅读框移码突变,蛋白质翻译提前终止。该基因是已经报道的水稻白条纹叶基因St1(Stripe1)的等位基因,gws突变体较st1突变体的白条纹出现早且明显,gws白条纹表型出现在第2片叶之后,而st1的白条纹表型仅出现在第4或5片叶之后。
基金This work was supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (No. NCET-04-0907) and Program for In-novative Research Team in University (No.IRT0453).
基金国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目"强优势水稻杂交种的创制与应用"(2011AA10A101)衡阳市科技局重点项目"黄色带状标记基因在两用核不育系中的利用"(2011KZ15)资助+1 种基金supported by the grants from National High-tech R&D Program of China(863 Program)(2011AA10A101)the Key Project Funded by the Hengyang Science and Technology Bureau(2011KZ15)
文摘从恢复系育种材料[R128//(R318/R1025)F1]F6中获得一个新的斑马叶突变体zebra1349,突变体秧苗期如果不移栽,与野生型一样表现绿色,移栽后5 d新抽出的叶片包括叶鞘会呈现出与叶脉垂直的黄绿相间的条纹,移栽后30 d抽出的叶片又表现正常绿色,成熟期主要农艺性状与野生型无明显差异。与野生型相比,突变体六叶期斑马叶黄区部位的总叶绿素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素的含量分别下降了55.86%、61.02%、39.34%和47.03%。透射电镜(TEM)观察表明,突变体斑马叶绿区部位叶绿体发育正常;黄区部位叶肉细胞中叶绿体结构异常,类囊体膜退化和分解严重,类囊体基粒片层数量明显减少,片层间距拉大,排列疏松。对zebra1349与正常叶色品种杂交F1、F2代的遗传分析表明该性状受1对隐性核基因调控。利用1192株zebra1349/02428 F2隐性定位群体,最终把ZEBRA1349基因定位在水稻第12染色体In Del标记indel39和indel44之间,其遗传距离分别为0.04 c M和0.17 c M,根据日本晴基因组序列推测,两标记之间的物理距离约为89 kb。本研究为ZEBRA1349基因的图位克隆和功能研究以及分子标记辅助育种奠定了基础。
基金supported by Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(1208085MC34)National Scientific and Technological Support Project(2011BAD16B06,2012BAD04B09,2012BAD07B02,2012BAD14B13)
