Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs)are conserved plant aquaporins that transport small molecules across the plasma membrane to trigger instant stress responses and maintain cellular homeostasis under biotic and a...Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs)are conserved plant aquaporins that transport small molecules across the plasma membrane to trigger instant stress responses and maintain cellular homeostasis under biotic and abiotic stress.To elucidate their roles in plant immunity to pathogen attack,we characterized the expression patterns,subcellular localizations,and H_(2)O_(2)-transport ability of 11 OsPIPs in rice(Oryza sativa),and identified OsPIP2;6 as necessary for rice disease resistance.OsPIP2;6 resides on the plasma membrane and facilitates cytoplasmic import of the immune signaling molecule H_(2)O_(2).Knockout of OsPIP2;6 increases rice susceptibility to Magnaporthe oryzae,indicating a positive function in plant immunity.OsPIP2;6 interacts with OsPIP2;2,which has been reported to increase rice resistance to pathogens via H_(2)O_(2)transport.Our findings suggest that OsPIP2;6 cooperates with OsPIP2;2 as a defense signal transporter complex during plant–pathogen interaction.展开更多
Rice blast is regarded as one of the major diseases of rice.Screening rice genotypes with high resistance to rice blast is a key strategy for ensuring global food security.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)-based imaging,c...Rice blast is regarded as one of the major diseases of rice.Screening rice genotypes with high resistance to rice blast is a key strategy for ensuring global food security.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)-based imaging,coupled with deep learning,can acquire high-throughput imagery related to rice blast infection.In this study,we developed a segmented detection model(called RiceblastSegMask)for rice blast detection and resistance evaluation.The feasibility of different backbones and target detection models was further investigated.RiceblastSegMask is a two-stage instance segmentation model,comprising an image-denoising backbone network,a feature pyramid,a trinomial tree fine-grained feature extraction combination network,and an image pixel codec module.The results showed that the model combining the image-denoising and fine-grained feature extraction based on the Swin Transformer and the feature pixel matching feature labels with the trinomial tree recursive algorithm performed the best.The overall accuracy for instance segmentation of RiceblastSegMask reached 97.56%,and it demonstrated a satisfactory accuracy of 90.29%for grading unique resistance to rice blast.These results indicated that low-altitude remote sensing using UAV,in conjunction with the proposed RiceblastSegMask model,can efficiently calculate the extent of rice blast infection,offering a new phenotypic tool for evaluating rice blast resistance on a field scale in rice breeding programs.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to identify the characteristics and the potency of new fungicides to rice blast disease,and study their preventive and therapeutic effects on the disease.[Methods]Six new and conventional fun...[Objectives]The paper was to identify the characteristics and the potency of new fungicides to rice blast disease,and study their preventive and therapeutic effects on the disease.[Methods]Six new and conventional fungicides with different mechanisms of action were selected to compare their preventive and therapeutic effects on rice seedling blast in greenhouse.[Results]The agents which showed to be highly efficacious in blast prevention(greater than 90%)were 25%pyraclostrobin EC,20%fenoxanil SC,75%tricyclazole WP and 50%prochloraz-manganese WP sprayed at the dosages of 112.5-150,180-360,270-450 and 450-600 g/ha,respectively.The therapeutic effect of new fungicides 25%pyraclostrobin EC and 50%prochloraz-manganese WP on rice blast were above 90%when the dosages were 90-150 and 360-600 g/ha,respectively.The therapeutic effect of the conventional fungicide 40%isoprothiolane EC on rice blast was 69.04%when the dosage was 480 g/ha,while those of other fungicides were worse.[Conclusions]Both 25%pyraclostrobin EC and 50%prochloraz-manganese WP have good preventive and therapeutic effects on rice blast,which will provide a reference for the use of these fungicides in the field.展开更多
Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide.The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control blast.In thi...Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide.The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control blast.In this review,we summarized the cloning and utilization of rice blast resistance genes,such as Pi1,Pi2,Pi9,Pi54,Pigm and Piz-t.We concluded that three main problems in the current breeding of rice blast resistance are:availability of few R(resistance)genes that confer resistance to both seedling and panicle blast,the resistance effect of pyramided lines is not the result of a simple accumulation of resistance spectrum,and only a few R genes have been successfully used for molecular breeding.Therefore,novel utilization strategies for rice blast R genes in molecular breeding were proposed,such as accurately understanding the utilization of R genes in main modern rice varieties,creating a core resistant germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits,screening and utilizing broadspectrum and durable resistance gene combinations.Lastly,the trends and possible development direction of blast resistance improvement were also discussed,including new genes regulating resistance identified via GWAS(genome-wide association study)and improving rice blast resistance using genetic editing.展开更多
The receptor cultivar Nan29 and thirty-six T5 rice lines derived from ten T0 generation transgen-ic plants harboring lysozyme gene were challenged in the greenhouse by inoculating 63 isolates belonging to 48 races of ...The receptor cultivar Nan29 and thirty-six T5 rice lines derived from ten T0 generation transgen-ic plants harboring lysozyme gene were challenged in the greenhouse by inoculating 63 isolates belonging to 48 races of Magnaporthe grisea from Yunnan Province. The transgenic rice lines exhibited resistance to more than 72% of isolates inoculated in this experiment, and 38.1% (24 isolates) of them could infect the receptor cultivar Nan29. The results indicated that the transgenic rice lines possessed wide-spectrum resistance against various rice blast races and the resistant spectrum of rice lines were different although some lines derived from same T0 plant. The transgenic rice lines exhibited also high resistance to leaf and neck blast in the disease field evaluation, but not all of resistant lines against leaf blast were resistant to neck blast.展开更多
Field experiments of mixed- (intercropping) and pure-planting (monoculture) of four rice varieties, representing improved hybrid varieties (Shanyou63 and Shanyou22) and high-quality traditional varieties (Huangkenuo a...Field experiments of mixed- (intercropping) and pure-planting (monoculture) of four rice varieties, representing improved hybrid varieties (Shanyou63 and Shanyou22) and high-quality traditional varieties (Huangkenuo and Zigu) from Yunnan Province, were conducted based on their differences in genetic background and agro-economical characteristics. The results demonstrated that the mixed-planting of the hybrid rice and high-quality traditional rice varieties had a significantly greater effect on controlling rice blast disease than the monoculture of these varieties, particularly the traditional ones. It is evident for the highly susceptible traditional varieties in mixed-planting to achieve disease control, with significant decreases in blast incidences and severity indexes. The blast control efficiency reached up to 83-98% under such planting model. This suggests that an appropriate mixed-planting of rice varieties with diverse genetic background and agro-economical characteristics is an effective approach for rice blast control. In addition, resistance of the traditional rice varieties to lodging was considerably increased in the plots with mixed-planting, compared with the plots with monoculture. The average rate of grain-yield increase ranged from 6. 5 to 9.7% in the plots with mixed-planting.展开更多
The gene Pi-d2, conferring gene-for-gene resistance to the Chinese blast strain ZB15, was isolated from a rice variety (Digu) by the map-based cloning strategy. Here, we constructed a control plasmid pZH01-pi-d2tp3...The gene Pi-d2, conferring gene-for-gene resistance to the Chinese blast strain ZB15, was isolated from a rice variety (Digu) by the map-based cloning strategy. Here, we constructed a control plasmid pZH01-pi-d2tp309 (pZH01-tp309) and three different expression constructs, pCB-Pi-d25.3kb (pCB5.3kb), pCB-Pi-d26.3kb (pCB6.3kb) and pZH01-Pi-d22.72kb (pZH01-2.72kb) of Pi-d2, driven by Pi-d2 gene’s own promoter or CaMV35S promoter. These constructs were separately introduced into japonica rice varieties Lijiangxintuanhegu, Taipei 309, Nipponbare and Zhonghua 9 through Agrobacterium- mediated transformation. A total of 150 transgenic rice plants were obtained from the regenerated calli selected on hygromycin. PCR, RT-PCR and Southern-blotting assay showed that the gene of interest had been integrated into rice genome and stably inherited. Thirty-five transgenic lines independently derived from T1 progeny were inoculated with the rice blast strain ZB15. Transformants exhibited resistance to rice blast at various levels. The lesions on the transgenic plant leaves were less severe than those on the controls and the resistance level of transgenic plants harboring the gene of interest from three vectors had no difference. The own promoter of Pi-d2, about 2.2 kb or 3.2 kb, had the similar promoter function as CaMV35S. Field evaluation for three successive years supported the results of artificial trial, and some lines with high resistance to rice leaf blast and neck blast were obtained.展开更多
Three doses of silicon fertilizer and seven dominant rice varieties were selected to study the effects of silicon fertilizer on rice blast(Magnaporthe oryzae)green control,rice growth and yield.The results showed appl...Three doses of silicon fertilizer and seven dominant rice varieties were selected to study the effects of silicon fertilizer on rice blast(Magnaporthe oryzae)green control,rice growth and yield.The results showed application of silicon fertilizer had certain control effect on panicle blast,and was beneficial for rice growth and yield.However,application effect varied among different varieties,and application of silicon fertilizer at the dose of 225 kg/hm2 received the best effect.Applying silicon fertilizer to control rice blast is safe and environmental-friendly,which is beneficial to the production of green food production.展开更多
Magnaporthe oryzae is known for its genetic diversity and pathogenic variability,leading to rapid breakdown of resistance in rice.Incorporating multiple broad-spectrum blast resistance genes into rice cultivars would ...Magnaporthe oryzae is known for its genetic diversity and pathogenic variability,leading to rapid breakdown of resistance in rice.Incorporating multiple broad-spectrum blast resistance genes into rice cultivars would extend disease resistance longevity.Effective resistance breeding in rice therefore requires continual enrichment of the reservoir of resistance genes and alleles.We conducted a large-scale screen of rice blast resistance in about 2000 rice accessions.Among them,247 accessions showed at least medium resistance to the natural infection of rice blast and 7 novel Pik alleles were identified from them.Variations in gene sequences were then correlated with the phenotypic trait to enable the identification of favorable alleles.Among the seven novel Pik alleles,the resistant rate of Pik-R0/ME/7017 donors was greater than 80%,and the disease score was less than 3.Through molecular marker-assisted backcross breeding,we successfully transferred the three Pik alleles,Pik-R0/ME/7017,into an elite cultivated line Kongyu 131 to obtain BC_(3)F_(2)lines,which showed enhanced resistance to rice blast compared with the recurrent parent.Assessment of these near-isogenic lines in the greenhouse using 31 isolates of M.oryzae from Heilongjiang Province of China revealed that the resistant levels of the BC_(3)F_(2)lines with Pik-R0/ME/7017 were significantly higher than those of the established cloned resistance genes Pik-m and Pi1.Exploring such alleles will enrich our gene library for resistance to rice blast.展开更多
von Willebrand factor A(vWA)genes are well characterized in humans except for few BONZAI genes,but the vWA genes are least explored in plants.Considering the novelty and vital role of vWA genes,this study aimed at cha...von Willebrand factor A(vWA)genes are well characterized in humans except for few BONZAI genes,but the vWA genes are least explored in plants.Considering the novelty and vital role of vWA genes,this study aimed at characterization of vWA superfamily in rice.Rice genome was found to have 40 vWA genes distributed across all the 12 chromosomes,and 20 of the 40 vWA genes were unique while the remaining shared large fragment similarities with each other,indicating gene duplication.In addition to vWA domain,vWA proteins possess other different motifs or domains,such as ubiquitin interacting motif in protein degradation pathway,and RING finger in protein-protein interaction.Expression analysis of vWA genes in available expression data suggested that they probably function in biotic and abiotic stress responses including hormonal response and signaling.The frequency of transposon elements in the entire 3K rice germplasm was negligible except for 9 vWA genes,indicating the importance of these genes in rice.Structural and functional diversities showed that the vWA genes in a blast-resistant rice variety Tetep had huge variations compared to blast-susceptible rice varieties HP2216 and Nipponbare.qRT-PCR analysis of vWA genes in Magnaporthe oryzae infected rice tissues indicated OsvWA9,OsvWA36,OsvWA37 and OsvWA18 as the optimal candidate genes for disease resistance.This is the first attempt to characterize vWA gene family in plant species.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to explore rice germplasm resources resistant to rice blast and provide theoretical basis for the modification of rice blast- resistant germplasm resources. [ Method] The resistance of 12...[ Objective] This study aimed to explore rice germplasm resources resistant to rice blast and provide theoretical basis for the modification of rice blast- resistant germplasm resources. [ Method] The resistance of 120 rice materials to rice blast was identified at three experimental areas. [ Result] The resistance of 120 experimental materials was at grade 0 -9 to panicle blast in Hainan Province, at grade 0 -9 to seedling blast in Fujian Province and at grade 3 -9 topanicle blast in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Analysis of correlations between agronomic traits and rice blast resistance indicated that the resistance of experimental materials could not be simply determined based on agronomic traits. Furthermore, 61 published SSR makers closely linked to rice blast were selected and synthe- sized for genotypic analysis of 120 experimental materials. The results of cluster analysis preliminarily divided 120 germplasms into resistant varieties and susceptible varieties. [ Conclusion] These rice germplasm resources are of important value for breeding new materials resistant to rice blast.展开更多
[ Objective] This study aimed to detect flee blast resistance genes in major varieties of rice in Jilin Province. [ Method ] Ten molecular markers closely linked with rice blast resistance genes were used for molecula...[ Objective] This study aimed to detect flee blast resistance genes in major varieties of rice in Jilin Province. [ Method ] Ten molecular markers closely linked with rice blast resistance genes were used for molecular identification of resistance genes in 24 rice varieties from Jilin Province. [ Result] The 24 major vari- eties of rice widely lacked in rice blast resistance genes Pib, Pil, Pikh and Pia; Pi9 gene was absent in 17 of the 24 major varieties, especially in Jijing 88 and Changbai 9 which occupied the largest cultivation area in Jilin Province ; in addition, Jijing 88 harbored five rice blast resistance genes, including Pita, Pikm, Pt2, P/-d2 and P/z. [ Conclusion] Pib, Pil, Pikh, Pia and Pi9 are the major resistance genes for improving flee blast resistance of major varieties of rice in Jilin Prov- ince.展开更多
[ Objective] The paper was to confirm the best application period and frequency of 75% trifloxystrobin ·tebuconazole WG against rice blast and rice sheath blight. [ Method] Influences of different dosages and dif...[ Objective] The paper was to confirm the best application period and frequency of 75% trifloxystrobin ·tebuconazole WG against rice blast and rice sheath blight. [ Method] Influences of different dosages and different application periods of 75% trifloxystrobin · tebuconazole WG on control effects against rice blast and rice sheath blight, as well as their effects on rice yields were studied in the paper. [Result] The control effects of three different fungicides application treatments against rice sheath blight were 80.24%, 83.0% and 67.99%, and the control effects against rice blast were 56.4%, 49.11% and 61.1%, respective- ly. Advanced application of fungicide for two times had good prevention effect against rice sheath blight ; properly delayed application of fungicides for two times was conducive to improving the control effect against rice blast, and one time application of sufficient fungicide during middle booting stage had higher control effect than application for two times. Effective panicle number per unit area, total grain number, 1 000-grain weight and moisture content of various fungicide application treat- ments did not have significant difference with those of the treatments without fungicide application, but grain number per panicle in treatments applied with fungicide was higher than the treatment without application. [ Conclusion] 75% Trifloxystrobin ·tebuconazole WG has better control effect on rice blast and sheath blight, which helps to promote the formation of rice grain and increases yield significantly. The fungicide application against rice sheath blight should be appropriately ad- vanced, and application for one time against panicle blast after middle booting stage is helpful to improve the control effect.展开更多
Rice is the most staple cereal crop of Bangladesh and rice blast caused by</span><span style="font-family:""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Magnaporthe oryzae o...Rice is the most staple cereal crop of Bangladesh and rice blast caused by</span><span style="font-family:""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Magnaporthe oryzae oryzae </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(MoO) has become a major factor limiting rice yield in Bangladesh and throughout the world. Eight botanicals extracted both in water and ethanol namely Kalijira (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nigella sativa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Turmeric (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Curcuma lon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ga</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Ginger (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Zingiber officinalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Garlic (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Allium sativum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Onion (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Allium</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ce</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">),</span></span><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Neem (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Azadirachta indica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Allamanda (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Allamanda cathartica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and</span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Aloevera (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aloe vera</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) were tested against MoO </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in the Mycology Laborato</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ry, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Dhaka, Bangladesh. All the botanicals significantly reduced radial growth of the tested pathogen. Maximum mycelia growth inhibition of MoO was achieved </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">with water extract of turmeric (1:1 w/v) and ethanol extracts of neem (1:4</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> w/v) with 86.57% and 92.62% mycelia growth inhibition at 14 DAI, respectively.展开更多
Rice is the main food crop in Asian countries, and rice blast causes an annual loss of rice yield of 30%-35%. Cultivating rice blast resistant varieties and discovering resistance genes are important means to prevent ...Rice is the main food crop in Asian countries, and rice blast causes an annual loss of rice yield of 30%-35%. Cultivating rice blast resistant varieties and discovering resistance genes are important means to prevent rice blast. By analyzing the changes in rice transcriptome expression levels before and after infection by Magnaporthe oryzae of different physiological races, we found that 5 transcripts were up-regulated together after infection, Os07 t0125500-01, Os07 t0129300-00, Os07 t0126301-01 and Os07 t0124900-01 belongs to the CAP superfamily, and Os10 t0409400-01 encodes a BURP domain containing protein.展开更多
The resistance of dominant rice varieties in Guangzhou against rice blast(Magnaporthe oryzae)and bacterial blight(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae)were evaluated by artificial inoculation and field natural blast nursery i...The resistance of dominant rice varieties in Guangzhou against rice blast(Magnaporthe oryzae)and bacterial blight(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae)were evaluated by artificial inoculation and field natural blast nursery identification.Among 11 varieties tested,seven varieties showed resistance to rice blast,accounting for 63.6%;two varieties were highly resistant,accounting for 18.2%;three varieties were resistant,accounting for 27.3%;two varieties were moderately resistant,accounting for 18.2%;four varieties were susceptible(moderately susceptible),accounting for 36.4%.Varieties showed different resistance against the prevailing pathotype IV of bacterial blight;one variety was resistant,accounting for 9.1%;three varieties were moderately resistant,accounting for 27.3%;five varieties were moderately susceptible,accounting for 45.5%;one variety was susceptible,accounting for 9.1%;one variety was highly susceptible,accounting for 9.1%;all varieties tested showed susceptible to the virulent pathotype V.Huanghuazhan,Yuejingsimiao 2 and Fengxiuzhan showed resistance against both bacterial blight(pathotype IV)and rice blast,accounting for 27.3%.It is helpful to reduce the production risk by extending such dominant rice varieties with good resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight.展开更多
Rice blast is the most devastating disease in rice,and it seriously threatens the safety of rice production.Improving the ability of integrated prevention and control of rice blast has always been an important part of...Rice blast is the most devastating disease in rice,and it seriously threatens the safety of rice production.Improving the ability of integrated prevention and control of rice blast has always been an important part of ensuring food production safety.In the past decade,scientists have made great progress in the prevention and control techniques of rice blast,which paves the way for the green controlling of rice diseases.In this article,the advances in the intelligentization of rice blast field monitoring techniques,the optimization of prediction and forecast modeling system,the research and development of low-toxic and high-efficiency chemical pesticides,biogenic pesticides and inducers and the regulation of multiple ecological factors including variety and cultivation are reviewed,and the new strategies for green controlling of rice blast based on these techniques are summarized.Further,the problems such as high pesticide prices and pesticide residue faced by rice blast prevention and control and the challenge of slow research and development of low-toxic and economical biogenic pesticides are discussed.Finally,the development direction of green controlling of rice blast based on molecular targets,small interfering RNA(siRNA)and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies is predicted,with a view to guaranteeing the safety of rice production.展开更多
Rice blast caused by <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em> (<em>M. oryzae</em>) is one of the most destructive diseases, which causes significant rice yield losses and affects global food security. To be...Rice blast caused by <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em> (<em>M. oryzae</em>) is one of the most destructive diseases, which causes significant rice yield losses and affects global food security. To better understand genetic variations among different isolates of <em>M. oryzae</em> in the nature field, we re-sequenced and analyzed the genomes of three field isolates, QJ08-2006, QJ10-10, and QJ10-3001, which showed distinct pathogenicity on Xin-Yin-Zhan, an elite variety in South China. Genome annotation indicated that these three isolates assemblies have similar genome sizes with 38.4 Mb, 38.3 Mb, and 38.4 Mb, respectively. The QJ08-2006 assembly has 2082 contigs with an N50 of 127.4 kb, the QJ10-10 assembly has 2239 contigs with an N50 of 105.13 kb, the QJ10-3001 assembly has 2025 contigs with an N50 of 133.16 kb. A total of 10,432 genes including 1408 putative secreted protein genes were identified from the annotated isolate QJ08-2006 genome, 10,418 genes including 1410 putative secreted protein genes were identified in QJ10-10, and 10,401 genes including 1420 putative secreted protein genes were identified in QJ10-3001. There are as many as 11,076 identical genes in these three isolates and contained only a few unique genes among three isolates, of which 277 unique genes in QJ08-2006 and 264 unique genes in QJ10-10, and 213 unique genes in QJ10-3001. Most of the predicted secreted protein genes had been identified, and the three re-sequenced strains contained 371, 369, and 387 small Indel, respectively. <em>Avr </em>genes were analyzed in several sequenced <em>Magnaporthe</em> strains, the results revealed that <em>Avr-Pi9</em> and <em>Avr-Piz-t </em>were present in all the sequenced isolates. The isolates QJ08-2006 contained <em>AvrPib</em>, QJ10-10, and QJ10-3001 had an insertion of a Pot3 element in the promoter of the <em>AvrPib</em> gene. Our results showed that, the rapid dominancy of virulence mutant isolates via clonal propagation displayed in the field after the release of the elite variety Xin-Yin-Zhan.展开更多
基金supported by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2020A1515111101,2022A1515110431).
文摘Plasma membrane intrinsic proteins(PIPs)are conserved plant aquaporins that transport small molecules across the plasma membrane to trigger instant stress responses and maintain cellular homeostasis under biotic and abiotic stress.To elucidate their roles in plant immunity to pathogen attack,we characterized the expression patterns,subcellular localizations,and H_(2)O_(2)-transport ability of 11 OsPIPs in rice(Oryza sativa),and identified OsPIP2;6 as necessary for rice disease resistance.OsPIP2;6 resides on the plasma membrane and facilitates cytoplasmic import of the immune signaling molecule H_(2)O_(2).Knockout of OsPIP2;6 increases rice susceptibility to Magnaporthe oryzae,indicating a positive function in plant immunity.OsPIP2;6 interacts with OsPIP2;2,which has been reported to increase rice resistance to pathogens via H_(2)O_(2)transport.Our findings suggest that OsPIP2;6 cooperates with OsPIP2;2 as a defense signal transporter complex during plant–pathogen interaction.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.2022J01611).
文摘Rice blast is regarded as one of the major diseases of rice.Screening rice genotypes with high resistance to rice blast is a key strategy for ensuring global food security.Unmanned aerial vehicles(UAV)-based imaging,coupled with deep learning,can acquire high-throughput imagery related to rice blast infection.In this study,we developed a segmented detection model(called RiceblastSegMask)for rice blast detection and resistance evaluation.The feasibility of different backbones and target detection models was further investigated.RiceblastSegMask is a two-stage instance segmentation model,comprising an image-denoising backbone network,a feature pyramid,a trinomial tree fine-grained feature extraction combination network,and an image pixel codec module.The results showed that the model combining the image-denoising and fine-grained feature extraction based on the Swin Transformer and the feature pixel matching feature labels with the trinomial tree recursive algorithm performed the best.The overall accuracy for instance segmentation of RiceblastSegMask reached 97.56%,and it demonstrated a satisfactory accuracy of 90.29%for grading unique resistance to rice blast.These results indicated that low-altitude remote sensing using UAV,in conjunction with the proposed RiceblastSegMask model,can efficiently calculate the extent of rice blast infection,offering a new phenotypic tool for evaluating rice blast resistance on a field scale in rice breeding programs.
基金Agricultural Science and Technology Development and Resource and Environmental Protection Management Fund of Guangdong Provincial Rural Revitalization Strategy Project(2022KJ153-06)Special Fund for China Agricultural Industry Research System(CARS-01-32,2022KJ105)+1 种基金"The 14 th Five-Year Plan"New Discipline Team Building Project of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(202116TD)Science and Technology Plan Project of Shaoguan(210804164531395).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to identify the characteristics and the potency of new fungicides to rice blast disease,and study their preventive and therapeutic effects on the disease.[Methods]Six new and conventional fungicides with different mechanisms of action were selected to compare their preventive and therapeutic effects on rice seedling blast in greenhouse.[Results]The agents which showed to be highly efficacious in blast prevention(greater than 90%)were 25%pyraclostrobin EC,20%fenoxanil SC,75%tricyclazole WP and 50%prochloraz-manganese WP sprayed at the dosages of 112.5-150,180-360,270-450 and 450-600 g/ha,respectively.The therapeutic effect of new fungicides 25%pyraclostrobin EC and 50%prochloraz-manganese WP on rice blast were above 90%when the dosages were 90-150 and 360-600 g/ha,respectively.The therapeutic effect of the conventional fungicide 40%isoprothiolane EC on rice blast was 69.04%when the dosage was 480 g/ha,while those of other fungicides were worse.[Conclusions]Both 25%pyraclostrobin EC and 50%prochloraz-manganese WP have good preventive and therapeutic effects on rice blast,which will provide a reference for the use of these fungicides in the field.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFD0100400)the Key Studying and Developing Project of Jiangsu Province for Modern Agriculture(Grant No.BE2018351)+9 种基金the Major Project of Jiangsu Province for Significant New Varieties Development(Grant No.PZCZ201702)the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding(Grant No.BM2018003)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.31971868)the National Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Special Fund(Grant No.CARS-01-60)the‘333’Project of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.BRA2017163)the Key Studying and Developing Project of Yangzhou City for Modern Agriculture(Grant No.YZ2018048)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund[(Grant Nos.CX(18)1003)and CX(18)2022)]Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests(Grant No.SKLOF 201909)Opening Foundation of Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education(Grant No.ML201806)Fund of Institute of Agricultural Sciences for Lixiahe Region in Jiangsu(Grant No.SJ17201).
文摘Rice blast is one of the most destructive diseases affecting rice production worldwide.The development and rational use of resistant varieties has been the most effective and economical measure to control blast.In this review,we summarized the cloning and utilization of rice blast resistance genes,such as Pi1,Pi2,Pi9,Pi54,Pigm and Piz-t.We concluded that three main problems in the current breeding of rice blast resistance are:availability of few R(resistance)genes that confer resistance to both seedling and panicle blast,the resistance effect of pyramided lines is not the result of a simple accumulation of resistance spectrum,and only a few R genes have been successfully used for molecular breeding.Therefore,novel utilization strategies for rice blast R genes in molecular breeding were proposed,such as accurately understanding the utilization of R genes in main modern rice varieties,creating a core resistant germplasm with excellent comprehensive traits,screening and utilizing broadspectrum and durable resistance gene combinations.Lastly,the trends and possible development direction of blast resistance improvement were also discussed,including new genes regulating resistance identified via GWAS(genome-wide association study)and improving rice blast resistance using genetic editing.
基金supported by the ‘948’ Project of Ministry of Agriculture, China (Grant No. 2006-G61)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 04101156)+2 种基金the Science and Technique Project of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2005B20101006 and No. 0711124900076)the Science and Technique Project of Guangzhou City, China (Grant No. 2005C12E0061)the Science Fundamental Research Foundation of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
基金surported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(39960039)the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Provinee(2002C0079M),China
文摘The receptor cultivar Nan29 and thirty-six T5 rice lines derived from ten T0 generation transgen-ic plants harboring lysozyme gene were challenged in the greenhouse by inoculating 63 isolates belonging to 48 races of Magnaporthe grisea from Yunnan Province. The transgenic rice lines exhibited resistance to more than 72% of isolates inoculated in this experiment, and 38.1% (24 isolates) of them could infect the receptor cultivar Nan29. The results indicated that the transgenic rice lines possessed wide-spectrum resistance against various rice blast races and the resistant spectrum of rice lines were different although some lines derived from same T0 plant. The transgenic rice lines exhibited also high resistance to leaf and neck blast in the disease field evaluation, but not all of resistant lines against leaf blast were resistant to neck blast.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan(01NG10,01C0007Z,AA211091 and 30160048)the Shanghai Commission of Education(00XD14006).
文摘Field experiments of mixed- (intercropping) and pure-planting (monoculture) of four rice varieties, representing improved hybrid varieties (Shanyou63 and Shanyou22) and high-quality traditional varieties (Huangkenuo and Zigu) from Yunnan Province, were conducted based on their differences in genetic background and agro-economical characteristics. The results demonstrated that the mixed-planting of the hybrid rice and high-quality traditional rice varieties had a significantly greater effect on controlling rice blast disease than the monoculture of these varieties, particularly the traditional ones. It is evident for the highly susceptible traditional varieties in mixed-planting to achieve disease control, with significant decreases in blast incidences and severity indexes. The blast control efficiency reached up to 83-98% under such planting model. This suggests that an appropriate mixed-planting of rice varieties with diverse genetic background and agro-economical characteristics is an effective approach for rice blast control. In addition, resistance of the traditional rice varieties to lodging was considerably increased in the plots with mixed-planting, compared with the plots with monoculture. The average rate of grain-yield increase ranged from 6. 5 to 9.7% in the plots with mixed-planting.
基金supported by the Program for Supporting New-century Excellent Talents of Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. NCET-04-0907)the Program for Supporting Development of Innovative Research Teams of Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. IRT0453)the Applied Basic Research Program of Sichuan Province, China (Grant No. 2008JY0023-1)
基金supported by the Excellent Doctor Paper Foundation of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No.200054)the Program for Innovative Research Team in University of China (Grant No.NCET-04-0907)the Program for New Century Excellent Talent in University of China (Grant No.IRT0453)
文摘The gene Pi-d2, conferring gene-for-gene resistance to the Chinese blast strain ZB15, was isolated from a rice variety (Digu) by the map-based cloning strategy. Here, we constructed a control plasmid pZH01-pi-d2tp309 (pZH01-tp309) and three different expression constructs, pCB-Pi-d25.3kb (pCB5.3kb), pCB-Pi-d26.3kb (pCB6.3kb) and pZH01-Pi-d22.72kb (pZH01-2.72kb) of Pi-d2, driven by Pi-d2 gene’s own promoter or CaMV35S promoter. These constructs were separately introduced into japonica rice varieties Lijiangxintuanhegu, Taipei 309, Nipponbare and Zhonghua 9 through Agrobacterium- mediated transformation. A total of 150 transgenic rice plants were obtained from the regenerated calli selected on hygromycin. PCR, RT-PCR and Southern-blotting assay showed that the gene of interest had been integrated into rice genome and stably inherited. Thirty-five transgenic lines independently derived from T1 progeny were inoculated with the rice blast strain ZB15. Transformants exhibited resistance to rice blast at various levels. The lesions on the transgenic plant leaves were less severe than those on the controls and the resistance level of transgenic plants harboring the gene of interest from three vectors had no difference. The own promoter of Pi-d2, about 2.2 kb or 3.2 kb, had the similar promoter function as CaMV35S. Field evaluation for three successive years supported the results of artificial trial, and some lines with high resistance to rice leaf blast and neck blast were obtained.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0100100)&Guangdong Science and Technology Project(2019B020217003).
文摘Three doses of silicon fertilizer and seven dominant rice varieties were selected to study the effects of silicon fertilizer on rice blast(Magnaporthe oryzae)green control,rice growth and yield.The results showed application of silicon fertilizer had certain control effect on panicle blast,and was beneficial for rice growth and yield.However,application effect varied among different varieties,and application of silicon fertilizer at the dose of 225 kg/hm2 received the best effect.Applying silicon fertilizer to control rice blast is safe and environmental-friendly,which is beneficial to the production of green food production.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62176192)Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Crops of Central China and Hubei Key Laboratory of Crop Disease,Insect Pests and Weeds Control(Grant No.2019ZTSJJ2)China Scholarship Council(CSC No.201908420374).
文摘Magnaporthe oryzae is known for its genetic diversity and pathogenic variability,leading to rapid breakdown of resistance in rice.Incorporating multiple broad-spectrum blast resistance genes into rice cultivars would extend disease resistance longevity.Effective resistance breeding in rice therefore requires continual enrichment of the reservoir of resistance genes and alleles.We conducted a large-scale screen of rice blast resistance in about 2000 rice accessions.Among them,247 accessions showed at least medium resistance to the natural infection of rice blast and 7 novel Pik alleles were identified from them.Variations in gene sequences were then correlated with the phenotypic trait to enable the identification of favorable alleles.Among the seven novel Pik alleles,the resistant rate of Pik-R0/ME/7017 donors was greater than 80%,and the disease score was less than 3.Through molecular marker-assisted backcross breeding,we successfully transferred the three Pik alleles,Pik-R0/ME/7017,into an elite cultivated line Kongyu 131 to obtain BC_(3)F_(2)lines,which showed enhanced resistance to rice blast compared with the recurrent parent.Assessment of these near-isogenic lines in the greenhouse using 31 isolates of M.oryzae from Heilongjiang Province of China revealed that the resistant levels of the BC_(3)F_(2)lines with Pik-R0/ME/7017 were significantly higher than those of the established cloned resistance genes Pik-m and Pi1.Exploring such alleles will enrich our gene library for resistance to rice blast.
基金the Indian Council of Agricultural Research(ICAR)-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology,National Agricultural Higher Education Project:Centre for Advanced Agricultural Science and Technology(Grant No.1010033)ICAR-Centre for Agricultural Bioinformatics,Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute,New Delhi(IASRI)(Grant No.1006456).
文摘von Willebrand factor A(vWA)genes are well characterized in humans except for few BONZAI genes,but the vWA genes are least explored in plants.Considering the novelty and vital role of vWA genes,this study aimed at characterization of vWA superfamily in rice.Rice genome was found to have 40 vWA genes distributed across all the 12 chromosomes,and 20 of the 40 vWA genes were unique while the remaining shared large fragment similarities with each other,indicating gene duplication.In addition to vWA domain,vWA proteins possess other different motifs or domains,such as ubiquitin interacting motif in protein degradation pathway,and RING finger in protein-protein interaction.Expression analysis of vWA genes in available expression data suggested that they probably function in biotic and abiotic stress responses including hormonal response and signaling.The frequency of transposon elements in the entire 3K rice germplasm was negligible except for 9 vWA genes,indicating the importance of these genes in rice.Structural and functional diversities showed that the vWA genes in a blast-resistant rice variety Tetep had huge variations compared to blast-susceptible rice varieties HP2216 and Nipponbare.qRT-PCR analysis of vWA genes in Magnaporthe oryzae infected rice tissues indicated OsvWA9,OsvWA36,OsvWA37 and OsvWA18 as the optimal candidate genes for disease resistance.This is the first attempt to characterize vWA gene family in plant species.
基金Supported by National High-tech R&D Program(863 Program)"Water-saving and Drought-resistant Rice Germplasm Innovation"(2010AA101803)Special Fund for the Construction of Modern Agricultural Technology System(NXCYTY-01)
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to explore rice germplasm resources resistant to rice blast and provide theoretical basis for the modification of rice blast- resistant germplasm resources. [ Method] The resistance of 120 rice materials to rice blast was identified at three experimental areas. [ Result] The resistance of 120 experimental materials was at grade 0 -9 to panicle blast in Hainan Province, at grade 0 -9 to seedling blast in Fujian Province and at grade 3 -9 topanicle blast in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Analysis of correlations between agronomic traits and rice blast resistance indicated that the resistance of experimental materials could not be simply determined based on agronomic traits. Furthermore, 61 published SSR makers closely linked to rice blast were selected and synthe- sized for genotypic analysis of 120 experimental materials. The results of cluster analysis preliminarily divided 120 germplasms into resistant varieties and susceptible varieties. [ Conclusion] These rice germplasm resources are of important value for breeding new materials resistant to rice blast.
基金Supported by Breeding Program of Finance Department of Jilin Province(No.018)Achievement Transformation Project of Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province(No.20130305038NY)
文摘[ Objective] This study aimed to detect flee blast resistance genes in major varieties of rice in Jilin Province. [ Method ] Ten molecular markers closely linked with rice blast resistance genes were used for molecular identification of resistance genes in 24 rice varieties from Jilin Province. [ Result] The 24 major vari- eties of rice widely lacked in rice blast resistance genes Pib, Pil, Pikh and Pia; Pi9 gene was absent in 17 of the 24 major varieties, especially in Jijing 88 and Changbai 9 which occupied the largest cultivation area in Jilin Province ; in addition, Jijing 88 harbored five rice blast resistance genes, including Pita, Pikm, Pt2, P/-d2 and P/z. [ Conclusion] Pib, Pil, Pikh, Pia and Pi9 are the major resistance genes for improving flee blast resistance of major varieties of rice in Jilin Prov- ince.
基金Supported by National Science and Technology Projects (2012BAD19B03).
文摘[ Objective] The paper was to confirm the best application period and frequency of 75% trifloxystrobin ·tebuconazole WG against rice blast and rice sheath blight. [ Method] Influences of different dosages and different application periods of 75% trifloxystrobin · tebuconazole WG on control effects against rice blast and rice sheath blight, as well as their effects on rice yields were studied in the paper. [Result] The control effects of three different fungicides application treatments against rice sheath blight were 80.24%, 83.0% and 67.99%, and the control effects against rice blast were 56.4%, 49.11% and 61.1%, respective- ly. Advanced application of fungicide for two times had good prevention effect against rice sheath blight ; properly delayed application of fungicides for two times was conducive to improving the control effect against rice blast, and one time application of sufficient fungicide during middle booting stage had higher control effect than application for two times. Effective panicle number per unit area, total grain number, 1 000-grain weight and moisture content of various fungicide application treat- ments did not have significant difference with those of the treatments without fungicide application, but grain number per panicle in treatments applied with fungicide was higher than the treatment without application. [ Conclusion] 75% Trifloxystrobin ·tebuconazole WG has better control effect on rice blast and sheath blight, which helps to promote the formation of rice grain and increases yield significantly. The fungicide application against rice sheath blight should be appropriately ad- vanced, and application for one time against panicle blast after middle booting stage is helpful to improve the control effect.
文摘Rice is the most staple cereal crop of Bangladesh and rice blast caused by</span><span style="font-family:""> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Magnaporthe oryzae oryzae </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(MoO) has become a major factor limiting rice yield in Bangladesh and throughout the world. Eight botanicals extracted both in water and ethanol namely Kalijira (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Nigella sativa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Turmeric (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Curcuma lon</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ga</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Ginger (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Zingiber officinalis</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Garlic (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Allium sativum</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Onion (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Allium</span></i></span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ce</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">),</span></span><i><span style="font-family:""> </span></i><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Neem (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Azadirachta indica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), Allamanda (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Allamanda cathartica</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and</span></span><span style="font-family:""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Aloevera (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aloe vera</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) were tested against MoO </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in the Mycology Laborato</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ry, Department of Plant Pathology, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University,</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Dhaka, Bangladesh. All the botanicals significantly reduced radial growth of the tested pathogen. Maximum mycelia growth inhibition of MoO was achieved </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">with water extract of turmeric (1:1 w/v) and ethanol extracts of neem (1:4</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> w/v) with 86.57% and 92.62% mycelia growth inhibition at 14 DAI, respectively.
基金Supported by Construction of a China-Angola Joint research Center for Crop Breeding(KY202001010)Key Research and Development Project of Anhui Province(202004a06020027).
文摘Rice is the main food crop in Asian countries, and rice blast causes an annual loss of rice yield of 30%-35%. Cultivating rice blast resistant varieties and discovering resistance genes are important means to prevent rice blast. By analyzing the changes in rice transcriptome expression levels before and after infection by Magnaporthe oryzae of different physiological races, we found that 5 transcripts were up-regulated together after infection, Os07 t0125500-01, Os07 t0129300-00, Os07 t0126301-01 and Os07 t0124900-01 belongs to the CAP superfamily, and Os10 t0409400-01 encodes a BURP domain containing protein.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFD0100100)Guangdong Science and Technology Project(2019B020217003,2018B030311035,2020A1515011213).
文摘The resistance of dominant rice varieties in Guangzhou against rice blast(Magnaporthe oryzae)and bacterial blight(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae)were evaluated by artificial inoculation and field natural blast nursery identification.Among 11 varieties tested,seven varieties showed resistance to rice blast,accounting for 63.6%;two varieties were highly resistant,accounting for 18.2%;three varieties were resistant,accounting for 27.3%;two varieties were moderately resistant,accounting for 18.2%;four varieties were susceptible(moderately susceptible),accounting for 36.4%.Varieties showed different resistance against the prevailing pathotype IV of bacterial blight;one variety was resistant,accounting for 9.1%;three varieties were moderately resistant,accounting for 27.3%;five varieties were moderately susceptible,accounting for 45.5%;one variety was susceptible,accounting for 9.1%;one variety was highly susceptible,accounting for 9.1%;all varieties tested showed susceptible to the virulent pathotype V.Huanghuazhan,Yuejingsimiao 2 and Fengxiuzhan showed resistance against both bacterial blight(pathotype IV)and rice blast,accounting for 27.3%.It is helpful to reduce the production risk by extending such dominant rice varieties with good resistance to rice blast and bacterial blight.
基金Key R&D Project of Guangdong(2019B020217003)Science and Technology Plan Project of Guangzhou(202002030001)+2 种基金Fund for Modern Agro-Industry Technology Research System(CARS-01-32,2020KJ105)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(2020A1515011213)New Discipline Team Building Project of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(202116TD).
文摘Rice blast is the most devastating disease in rice,and it seriously threatens the safety of rice production.Improving the ability of integrated prevention and control of rice blast has always been an important part of ensuring food production safety.In the past decade,scientists have made great progress in the prevention and control techniques of rice blast,which paves the way for the green controlling of rice diseases.In this article,the advances in the intelligentization of rice blast field monitoring techniques,the optimization of prediction and forecast modeling system,the research and development of low-toxic and high-efficiency chemical pesticides,biogenic pesticides and inducers and the regulation of multiple ecological factors including variety and cultivation are reviewed,and the new strategies for green controlling of rice blast based on these techniques are summarized.Further,the problems such as high pesticide prices and pesticide residue faced by rice blast prevention and control and the challenge of slow research and development of low-toxic and economical biogenic pesticides are discussed.Finally,the development direction of green controlling of rice blast based on molecular targets,small interfering RNA(siRNA)and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies is predicted,with a view to guaranteeing the safety of rice production.
文摘Rice blast caused by <em>Magnaporthe oryzae</em> (<em>M. oryzae</em>) is one of the most destructive diseases, which causes significant rice yield losses and affects global food security. To better understand genetic variations among different isolates of <em>M. oryzae</em> in the nature field, we re-sequenced and analyzed the genomes of three field isolates, QJ08-2006, QJ10-10, and QJ10-3001, which showed distinct pathogenicity on Xin-Yin-Zhan, an elite variety in South China. Genome annotation indicated that these three isolates assemblies have similar genome sizes with 38.4 Mb, 38.3 Mb, and 38.4 Mb, respectively. The QJ08-2006 assembly has 2082 contigs with an N50 of 127.4 kb, the QJ10-10 assembly has 2239 contigs with an N50 of 105.13 kb, the QJ10-3001 assembly has 2025 contigs with an N50 of 133.16 kb. A total of 10,432 genes including 1408 putative secreted protein genes were identified from the annotated isolate QJ08-2006 genome, 10,418 genes including 1410 putative secreted protein genes were identified in QJ10-10, and 10,401 genes including 1420 putative secreted protein genes were identified in QJ10-3001. There are as many as 11,076 identical genes in these three isolates and contained only a few unique genes among three isolates, of which 277 unique genes in QJ08-2006 and 264 unique genes in QJ10-10, and 213 unique genes in QJ10-3001. Most of the predicted secreted protein genes had been identified, and the three re-sequenced strains contained 371, 369, and 387 small Indel, respectively. <em>Avr </em>genes were analyzed in several sequenced <em>Magnaporthe</em> strains, the results revealed that <em>Avr-Pi9</em> and <em>Avr-Piz-t </em>were present in all the sequenced isolates. The isolates QJ08-2006 contained <em>AvrPib</em>, QJ10-10, and QJ10-3001 had an insertion of a Pot3 element in the promoter of the <em>AvrPib</em> gene. Our results showed that, the rapid dominancy of virulence mutant isolates via clonal propagation displayed in the field after the release of the elite variety Xin-Yin-Zhan.