Reactive oxygen species and senescence modulatory effects of rice bran extract on 4T1 and NIH-3T3 cells co-treatment with doxorubicin

Objective:To determine the effect of rice bran extract(RBE)in combination with doxorubicin on 4 T1 triple-negative breast cancer cells and NIH-3 T3 cells.Methods:RBE was obtained by maceration with n-hexane.The phytochemical profile of RBE was observed using highperformance liquid chromatography.Cytotoxic effect of RBE was evaluated through MTT assay.In addition,flow cytometry was used for cell cycle and apoptosis analysis.Cellular senescence was observed using SA-β-Gal assay and intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels were evaluated using DCFDA staining.The pro-oxidant property of RBE was also evaluated through 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene spectrophotometry and molecular docking.Results:RBE was obtained with a yield of 18.42%w/w and contained tocotrienols as the major compound.RBE exerted no cytotoxic effect on 4 T1 and NIH-3 T3 cells.However,RBE in combination with doxorubicin decreased 4 T1 cell viability synergistically(combination index<0.9)and induced apoptosis and senescence on 4 T1 cells.RBE significantly decreased senescence in doxorubicin-treated NIH-3 T3 cells.Additionally,RBE did not increase ROS levels in doxorubicin-treated 4 T1 cells.Meanwhile,the combination of RBE and doxorubicin reduced ROS levels in NIH-3 T3 cells.RBE significantly reduced glutathione-S-transferase activity and alpha-tocotrienol interacted with glutathione-Stransferase in the glutathione binding site.Conclusions:Rice bran may be used as a co-chemotherapeutic agent to improve the therapeutic effectiveness of doxorubicin while protecting against the cellular senescence effects of doxorubicin on healthy cells.

Thai pigmented rice bran extracts inhibit production of superoxide, nitric oxide radicals and inducible nitric oxide synthase in cellular models

Objective:To study the inhibitory effect of rice bran extracts of Thai black Kam Muang and red Hawm Dawk Mali Deang on oxidative stress factors including superoxide(O2·-),nitric oxide(NO·),and inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS).Methods:Bran extracts(40%ethanol)of Kam Muang and Hawm Dawk Mali Deang were obtained and evaluated for in vitro 2-2′-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonate)(ABTS)and NO·scavenging activity.Their inhibitory effects on cellular O2·-and NO·were measured in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated neutrophil-like HL-60 cells and lipopolysaccharidestimulated RAW264.7 macrophages,respectively,and their viability was monitored using the MTT assay.The effect on iNOS expression was also assessed by the Western blotting assay.Total contents of phenolics,flavonoids,and subtypes were also determined.Results:Hawm Dawk Mali Deang exhibited about 3.5-fold greater cellular O2·-inhibitory activity than Kam Muang[EC50 values of(23.57±4.54)and(81.98±1.45)μg/mL,respectively]in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated HL-60 cells.Hawm Dawk Mali Deang exhibited about 2-fold higher in vitro ABTS·+and NO·scavenging activity than Kam Muang,but it exerted cellular NO·inhibitory activity of only about 26%(undetermined EC50 value)in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Conversely,Kam Muang exerted potent cellular NO·inhibitory activity[EC50 value:(281.13±59.18)μg/mL]and dose-dependently decreased iNOS levels.No cytotoxicity of both extracts was detected in both cell types.As for corresponding contents,Hawm Dawk Mali Deang contained higher contents of phenolics and flavonoids than Kam Muang.Moreover,Kam Muang and Hawm Dawk Mali Deang had a high content of total anthocyanins[(14.73±0.52)mg C3GE/g of extract]and total proanthocyanidins[(115.13±1.47)mg CE/g of extract],respectively.Conclusions:Based on these data,bran extracts of Thai black Kam Muang and red rice Hawm Dawk Mali Deang can help lower oxidative stress and inflammation attributed partly to O2·-and NO·.

Optimization of Extraction Technology for Rice Bran Oil

[ Objective ] This study aimed to optimize the extraction technology for rice bran oil. [ Method ] Using rice bran as raw material, effects of ultrasonicassisted extraction technology and different organic solvents, extraction durations, solid-liquid ratios and extraction temperatures on extraction results of rice bran oil were investigated. Based on the results of single-factor experiment, L9 （34 ） orthngonal experiment with three factors at three levels was conducted to optimize the extraction technological parameters, thus obtaining the optimal technological conditions for extracting rice bran oil. [ Result] Anhydrous ethanol led to the best extraction result; after ultrasonic treatment, the extraction rate of rice bran oil from raw material was not enhanced. The optimized technological parameters were ： extraction temperature of 80 ℃, extraction duration of 20 rain and solid-liquid ratio of 1：24 （ g： ml）. Under the optimized technological conditions, the extraction rate of rice bran oil reached 19.33%. [ Conclusion] This study laid solid foundation for further investigation and development of rice bran oil.

Oxidative Stability of Green Tea Extract-Enriched Rice Bran Oil During Storage

Adding green tea extract to rice bran oil was expected to improve its oxidative stability,so this study was conducted to investigate oxidative stability of green tea extract-enriched rice bran oil(RBOG) during storage at 60℃ for 15 days compared to rice bran oil(RBO),olive(OL),canola(CN),and grape-seed oil(GS).Acid values did not increase during storage,and the highest value was found for OL.The peroxide values of RBOG,RBO,CN,OL,and GS increased for up to 15 days.The highest average rate constant for the change in peroxide value was found for RBO(0.282).TBARS increased continually during storage of RBOG,RBO,CN,and OL;however,the value increased for up to 9 days and then decreased for GS.The highest average rate constant of change in TBARS was found for CN.Overall,the results suggest that green tea extract improves oxidative stability of rice bran oil.

A comprehensive review on anti-diabetic property of rice bran

Rice bran(RB) is one of the nutrient-rich agricultural byproducts. It is a composite of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, fibers, minerals, and trace elements such as phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium and manganese. The extraction and purification process influences the quality and quantity of rice bran oil, which is rich in tocopherols, tocotrienols, 毭-oryzanol, and unsaturated fatty acids. The bioactive components of RB have been reported for exhibiting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypocholesterolemic, anti-cancer, anti-colitis, and antidiabetic properties. In vitro and in vivo studies, and clinical trials in human volunteers revealed the anti-hyperglycemic activity of RB derived compounds. An updated comprehensive review on the antidiabetic property of RB and its derivative is required to appraise the current knowledge in the particular field. Thus, the present paper covered the composition and bioactivities of RB, and influence of extraction methods on the biological property of rice bran oil and rice bran extract. And the current review also focused on the reported antihyperglycemia activity of rice bran derivatives, and its probable mechanism.

Pilot Scale Mill Characterization and Evaluation of Rice Bran Oil Concentration of Jazzman Rice

The demand for aromatic rice has increased in the United States during the last two decades. Jazzman, the first US-bred jasmine-type rice variety, was released by the Louisiana State University (LSU) AgCenter Rice Research Station in 2008 to compete for a market share of jasmine-type rice. Jazzman, a long grain aromatic rice variety, was developed from a cross between Ahrent and an unreleased aromatic Chinese rice line 96a-8. In pre-release field tests and laboratory scale evaluation, Jazzman rice yield and milling quality compared favorably with two high-yielding and good-milling non-aromatic long grain varieties, Cypress and Cheniere. Pilot scale evaluation of Jazzman for milling quality supported laboratory scale evaluation while providing additional data for milling optimization. Pilot scale milling uses larger rice samples than laboratory scale testing and employs a continuous process instead of the batch process used at laboratory scale. As a result, pilot scale milling offers more comprehensive information regarding the milling yield and quality of rice varieties as they are considered for industrial scale release. Another consideration for new rice varieties involves their potential for value-added processing, in which waste streams during processing can be used to create valuable products. The oil from rice bran is one such product. The objective of this study was to use pilot scale milling to determine the potential of Jazzman for industrial scale release, including its potential for value-added processing. Results showed that bran was easily removed during milling;the head rice recovery ranged from 66% to 74% as a function of milling flow rate. Water polishing had little effect on head rice recovery, but improved the final degree of milling (DOM) to a commercially acceptable level of 87 - 90. Additionally, rice bran oil concentration decreased as pilot scale flow rate increased, indicating that oil was concentrated in the outer bran layer of Jazzman. Pilot scale milling shows that Jazzman is a high-yielding and good-milling aromatic long grain rice variety.

米糠酚类物质对高脂诱导的小鼠糖代谢异常及氧化应激的改善作用

目的:研究不同剂量的米糠酚类物质(RBPE)对高脂诱导的小鼠糖代谢及氧化应激水平的影响,为揭示米糠改善糖代谢作用提供理论依据。方法:选用6周龄的C57BL/6J小鼠适应性饲养1周后,随机分为4组,包括正常组、高脂组、RBPE低剂量组(200 mg/kg,HF+LP组)和高剂量组(400 mg/kg,HF+HP组),实验共16周,测定脏器指数、脂肪细胞形态、糖代谢指标和氧化应激相关指标。结果:RBPE可以剂量依赖地降低小鼠肝脏、附睾脂肪和肾周脂肪的脏体比,降低高脂小鼠空腹血糖水平,改善高脂引起的糖耐量受损(P<0.05):与高脂组相比,HF+LP、HF+HP组小鼠肝脏的脏体比分别降低15.75%和39.61%,附睾脂肪的脏体比分别降低23.03%和39.83%,肾周脂肪的脏体比分别降低43.68%和56.83%,空腹血糖水平分别降低14.06%和20.21%,糖耐量曲线下面积分别降低19.06%和23.81%。进一步研究显示,低、高剂量的RBPE可显著降低高脂小鼠血清和肝脏组织MDA的含量并提高SOD活力,与高脂组相比,HF+HP组小鼠血清和肝脏MDA含量分别降低了48.93%和38.68%,SOD活力分别提高了80.44%和67.05%;并提高了高脂诱导小鼠肝脏过氧化氢酶(CAT)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)等抗氧化酶的活力及抗氧化物谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量(P<0.05),与高脂组相比,HF+HP组小鼠肝脏CAT、GSH-px活力及GSH含量分别提高了48.49%,31.67%,123.90%。结论:米糠酚类物质可以改善高脂诱导的小鼠糖代谢紊乱,其机制可能与改善机体氧化应激反应有关。

红米米糠非淀粉多糖的提取纯化与结构表征

红米是我国产量最大的有色米,具有抗氧化、抗炎等功能,但其水溶性多糖资源并未被开发利用。该文以红米米糠为原料,脱脂后利用热水提取,经脱色、除蛋白、醇沉、透析制得红米米糠非淀粉多糖(non-starch polysaccharides from red rice bran,RRBP)。利用DEAE-52 Cellulose和Sephadex G-200分离纯化得到不同的部分,其中比例最大的为RRBP4组分。通过高效液相色谱、傅里叶红外光谱与完全酸水解、部分酸水解、β-消除、I 2-KI实验、刚果红实验等方法对RRBP4的分子质量、单糖组成、主链与侧链、糖苷键、分支程度与三螺旋构象进行分析。结果表明,RRBP4的相对分子质量为1.65×10^(5)Da,由甘露糖、核糖、鼠李糖、葡萄糖醛酸、半乳糖醛酸、葡萄糖、半乳糖、木糖和阿拉伯糖组成,其摩尔比例为0.29∶1.93∶0.35∶1.41∶0.50∶1.00∶5.58∶1.67∶2.56,是一种以半乳糖为主的酸性杂聚糖。RRBP4中有62.40%的多糖集中于侧链,是一种高度支化的多糖。RRBP4是以α-糖苷键为主且含有氨基酸的多糖,同时具有三螺旋结构。红米米糠非淀粉多糖的结构分析能够为开发其在食品工业中的应用提供科学基础数据。

浅析米糠油的制备、健康功效及发展趋势

米糠油因其独特的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸比例,以及酚类化合物和谷维素等功能性成分,始终是当前研究的重点。传统索氏提取法制备的米糠油具有溶剂残留、效率低、不利于环保等缺点。近年来,新型热联合提取技术(如微波辅助、超声辅助、超临界流体、酶辅助和亚临界等)等新方法的发展,已被证实可以显著提高米糠油的产量和质量。此外,米糠油具有抗氧化、抗炎、降血糖、降血脂等功效,为米糠油的应用和发展奠定了基础。本综述提供了有关米糠油的制备、健康功效以及未来发展趋势的全面信息,旨在为米糠油的开发利用提供一定的借鉴参考。

米糠制粒浸出工艺的研究与实践

旨在验证改进型糠粞分离器的分离效果和为米糠制粒浸出工艺提供一定的技术参考,采用风选分离糠粞、制粒烘干、平转浸出、负压蒸发、DTDC湿粕脱溶的米糠制粒浸出工艺制取米糠原油,通过总结生产中的一些问题和操作经验,改进了风选式糠粞分离器,确定了颗粒化处理方式及米糠制粒浸出工艺关键点的参数。结果表明:采用改进的糠粞分离器,糠粞分离效果良好,处理量大;以低温制粒烘干代替膨化进行米糠的颗粒化处理,米糠制粒浸出工艺关键点的工艺参数为制粒温度60℃,颗粒直径3.7 mm,烘干机出料温度60℃,烘干后颗粒水分5%,浸出温度55℃,蒸发系统真空度70 kPa,第一蒸发器出油浓度85%、温度65℃,第二蒸发器出油浓度95%、温度98℃,汽提塔出油温度102℃,蒸脱机气相温度76℃。采用优化的米糠制粒浸出工艺可改善米糠原油及糠粕品质,并可降低能耗。

米糠蛋白的提取及其应用研究进展

米糠是稻米加工的主要副产物,米糠中含有12%~18%的蛋白质,米糠蛋白具有极高的营养价值和多种生物活性,在食品、药品等领域表现出极大的应用潜力,是一种优质的植物蛋白资源。综述了米糠蛋白的提取方法及其在食品工业上的应用研究进展,为实现米糠蛋白的广泛应用、提高米糠的附加值提供一定参考。

米糠蛋白的提取、特性、功能复合物及应用研究进展

米糠作为稻谷加工的主要副产物,富含油脂、蛋白质及生物活性物质等诸多营养成分。米糠中蛋白质含量约占米糠的15%~17%,分为清蛋白、球蛋白、醇溶性蛋白和谷蛋白,其氨基酸组成接近FAO/WHO推荐的模式,致敏性低,生物效价高,是一种优质的植物蛋白资源。米糠蛋白的获取能够提高稻谷的附加值,在食品、医药领域有着广阔的应用前景。因此,本文综述了米糠蛋白的提取方法、功能特性及功能复合物,介绍了米糠蛋白及其复合物在生物活性肽、婴幼儿食品、食品添加剂、营养递送体系等领域的应用现状,最后提出了未来米糠蛋白的研究挑战,为米糠蛋白的工业化生产及高值利用提供一定的思路和参考。

酶法辅助提取、纯化米糠蛋白工艺优化

旨在为米糠副产品的精深加工利用提供指导,利用碱性蛋白酶辅助碱溶酸沉法提取米糠蛋白,并进一步以纤维素酶纯化米糠蛋白,在单因素实验的基础上通过正交实验优化提取、纯化工艺条件。结果表明:米糠蛋白提取的最佳工艺条件为酶解pH 10.5、酶解温度50℃、料液比1∶10、酶解时间120 min、加酶量2.5%,在此条件下米糠蛋白提取率为75.2%;米糠蛋白纯化的最佳工艺条件为酶解温度50℃、酶解pH 5.0、酶解时间60 min、加酶量4%、料液比1∶10,在此条件下米糠蛋白纯度为81.6%,提取率为72.6%。采用此方法可以得到提取率和纯度均较高的米糠蛋白。

天然低共熔溶剂提取米糠酯酶工艺优化及其纯化与酶学性质研究

目的:采用天然低共熔溶剂(Natural deep eutectic solvents,NADES)提取米糠酯酶并优化提取工艺参数,纯化米糠酯酶获得高纯度米糠酯酶,并探究其酶学特性。方法:合成了10种不同的NADES、选用了水浴搅拌和超声两种处理方式进行筛选,然后对提取效果最佳的NADES和方法进行单因素和响应面优化,参数包括料液比、含水量、提取温度和提取时间;将最优提取工艺得到的粗酶液通过阴离子交换树脂DEAE纯化,然后进行酶学性质的探究。结果:最佳提取米糠酯酶的工艺为在含有5%水分的脯氨酸-甘油(摩尔比1:2)溶剂体系中,水浴搅拌3.0 h,温度74.0℃,米糠和溶剂料液比为9:30,此时米糠酯酶活力为2.96 U。通过阴离子交换树脂DEAE纯化,获得了纯度较高的米糠酯酶,纯化倍数为1.74倍,回收率为69.40%,分子量约为35 kDa,对硝基苯酚乙酯为最适底物,最适温度和pH分别是40.0℃、pH8.0,在30.0~40.0℃和pH7.0~9.0时米糠酯酶均保持良好的稳定性。氯化胆碱-甘油、脯氨酸-甘油两种NADES对米糠酯酶的活力有较好的维持作用。结论:天然低共熔溶剂提取方式是一种简单、绿色的提取方式,可为生物活性化合物的绿色提取研究提供一些参考。

两种天然抗氧化剂对稻米油煎炸性能的影响

为选择适合稻米油煎炸的天然抗氧化剂,对茶多酚和迷迭香提取物两种天然抗氧化剂的添加量进行了选择,并测定了稻米油在30 h煎炸过程中理化指标、营养物质以及危害物质的变化。结果表明:茶多酚和迷迭香提取物的最佳添加量均为200 mg/kg,其氧化诱导时间均高于未添加天然抗氧化剂组(1.50 h);煎炸过程中,添加迷迭香提取物的稻米油酸值(KOH)增幅最小(30 h, 0.64 mg/g),极性组分含量达到煎炸油废弃标准(27%)的时间最长(23 h);添加茶多酚的稻米油过氧化值最高值较小(6.12 mmol/kg);煎炸后,添加迷迭香提取物的稻米油α-生育酚(18 h, 17.66%)和谷维素(24 h, 93.24%)的保留率最高;茶多酚可有效减少反式脂肪酸的生成,但迷迭香提取物抑制BaP生成的效果较好;添加天然抗氧化剂可显著提升稻米油脂肪酸的稳定性;两种天然抗氧化剂对稻米油煎炸过程中3-MCPD酯含量的变化影响不显著。综合考虑煎炸效果和成本,迷迭香提取物对提升稻米油煎炸性能更具优势。

超声-微波协同提取富硒米糠蛋白的工艺优化及其抗氧化活性评价

为解决富硒米糠蛋白提取率低、提取时间长及提取后功能特性下降等问题,以脱脂富硒米糠粉为原料,通过单因素试验和正交试验对超声-微波协同提取富硒米糠蛋白的工艺进行优化,通过与超声辅助法、微波辅助法和碱提法比较,探究该提取方法对富硒米糠蛋白的提取效果、抗氧化活性以及提取后米糠颗粒表面形貌变化的影响。结果表明,超声-微波协同提取富硒米糠蛋白的最佳工艺条件为超声功率600 W、微波功率500 W、提取时间20 min、料液比1∶40,在此条件下富硒米糠蛋白的提取率为86.94%,与超声辅助法、微波辅助法、碱提法相比富硒米糠蛋白提取率分别提高了40.96%、48.00%、53.50%,并且提取的富硒米糠蛋白抗氧化能力和硒含量更高。扫描电镜结果显示,超声-微波协同提取后米糠颗粒表面疏松卷曲,完整皮层结构消失,说明超声-微波协同能通过强烈破坏米糠颗粒结构增加富硒米糠蛋白的提取率,并提高其抗氧化活性。综上,超声-微波协同提取技术能够促进富硒米糠蛋白的提取并提高其抗氧化活性。

高水分米糠萃取工艺的研究

本试验在对比考察了不同溶剂在常压和亚临界状态下萃取效率的基础上,确定了正己烷为溶剂亚临界萃取高水分米糠的可行性,并通过优化获得了最佳工艺参数。结果表明:各因素对米糠粕中残油率影响大小依次为液固比>萃取时间>萃取温度;液固比(mL/g)为2.31∶1,萃取时间为34 min,萃取温度为75℃,萃取3次条件下米糠浸出粕中残油率为0.85%。

响应面法优化天然低共熔溶剂提取米糠蛋白工艺

本研究采用天然低共熔溶剂(Natural deep eutectic solvents,NADES)提取米糠蛋白的工艺并利用响应面方法对工艺参数进行优化,且通过采用傅里叶红外光谱和投射扫描电镜分析对天然低共熔溶剂提取米糠蛋白进行表征。结果表明,米糠蛋白提取最佳工艺条件为:含有4.7%水分的脯氨酸-甘油(摩尔比2:5)溶剂体系中,米糠和溶剂料液比为9:30 g/g,水浴搅拌3.0 h,反应温度为65℃,此时米糠蛋白提取率为82.69%,通过采用傅里叶红外光谱分析发现提取米糠蛋白过程中没有生成新物质,且天然低共熔溶剂能有效破坏米糠组织结构,释放米糠蛋白,从而提高米糠蛋白提取率。本研究为天然低共熔溶剂提取植物蛋白提供一定参考依据。

米糠蛋白物理改性和提取的研究进展

米糠具有较高的营养价值和多种生物活性,是一种极具开发潜力的高附加值资源,是一种低过敏性且优质的食用级蛋白资源,但是米糠蛋白提取率低和溶解性差限制了其开发利用。系统地概述了米糠蛋白的功能成分、物理改性及提取方法,为米糠蛋白的工业化开发利用提供理论依据。

不同提取方法对米糠油品质的影响

米糠是稻米加工的副产物,包含稻米60%以上的营养物质,可以用来加工提取米糠油.目前我国油脂70%依赖国外进口,存在潜在的市场风险,因此提高粮油自给率迫在眉睫.以米糠为原料,研究分析了不同提取方法对米糠油品质的影响,并通过扫描电镜观察不同提取方法处理后米糠表面的形态特征.结果表明:在米糠油提取过程中,石油醚提取效果优于正己烷和异丙醇.同时通过微波辅助处理后,溶剂提取米糠油的出油率显著升高,其中石油醚-微波提取米糠油,出油率可达到8.84%,过氧化值为0.93 mmol/kg;不同溶剂提取后,米糠油的酸价高低顺序为异丙醇>正己烷>石油醚;通过气相色谱分析发现,不同提取方法对米糠油脂肪酸组成影响不显著,但对甘油酯组成有一定的影响;在通过辅助处理后,米糠油的谷维素含量出现波动,生育酚的总酚含量明显升高,异丙醇-微波处理提取的米糠油中总酚含量最大可达到23.64 mg/100 g,说明辅助方法有利于提取米糠中的生育酚.研究结果不仅为提高我国粮油自给率提供了新的思路,还为米糠的加工利用提供了技术参考.