A field experiment was conducted to study water use efficiency and agronomic traits in rice cultivated in flooded soil and non-flooded soils with and without straw mulching. The total amount of water used by rice unde...A field experiment was conducted to study water use efficiency and agronomic traits in rice cultivated in flooded soil and non-flooded soils with and without straw mulching. The total amount of water used by rice under flooded cultivation （FC） was 2.42 and 3.31 times as much as that by rice under the non-flooded cultivation with and without straw mulching, respectively. The average water seepage was 13 560 m^3/ha under the flooded cultivation, 4 750 m^3/ha under the non-flooded cultivation without straw mulching （ZM） and 4 680 m^3/ha under non-flooded cultivation with straw mulching （SM）. The evapotranspiration in the SM treatment was only 38.2% and 63.6% of the FC treatment and ZM treatment, respectively. Compared with the ZM treatment, straw mulching significantly increased leaf area per plant, main root length, gross root length and root dry weight per plant of rice. The highest grain yield under the SM treatment （6 747 kg/ha） was close to the rice cultivated in flooded soil （6 811.5 kg / ha）. However, the yield under the ZM treatment （4 716 kg/ha） was much lower than that under the FS treatment and SM treatment. The order of water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were both as follows： SM〉 ZM〉 FC.展开更多
A long-term field experiment （started at 2003） was conducted to determine the effects of different dce cultivation methods on growth characteristics and grain yield of late-season rice under double-rice cropping sys...A long-term field experiment （started at 2003） was conducted to determine the effects of different dce cultivation methods on growth characteristics and grain yield of late-season rice under double-rice cropping system in seasonal drought region of southeast China （Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province）. The rice cultivation methods included no-tillage and flooded rice cultivation （N-F）, no-tillage and non-flooded rice cultivation with straw mulching （N-SM）, and no-tillage and non-flooded rice cultivation without straw mulching （N-ZM）. There was no significant difference in rice grain yield between the N-SM and N-F treatments. However, the rice grain yields in the N-SM and N-F treatments were significantly higher than that in the N-ZM treatment. The late-season rice plants in the N-SM treatment had significantly higher numbers of effective panicles and total grains per hill compared with those in the N-ZM treatment. The above-ground dry matter of late-season rice was similar between the N-SM and N-F treatments. Compared with the N-F treatment, the N-ZM and N-SM treatments significantly decreased the leaf area at the heading stage. Moreover, the N-SM treatment could significantly increase total root length and root tip number at the grain-filling stage compared with the N-ZM treatment.展开更多
The experiment conducted in containers known as pot placed on rooftop of a building using noncalcareous grey terrace soil was carried out from October, 2012 to March, 2013 at Kazla, Motihar, Rajshahi, Bangladesh to in...The experiment conducted in containers known as pot placed on rooftop of a building using noncalcareous grey terrace soil was carried out from October, 2012 to March, 2013 at Kazla, Motihar, Rajshahi, Bangladesh to investigate the influences of calcium and mulching practices on yield and fruit quality of tomato. The study was laid out in a split-split plot design with three replications. The trials comprised three factors: 1) three tomato varieties viz, BARI F1Tomato-5, BARI F1Tomato-6 and BARI F1Tomato-7;2) four levels of calcium (Ca) treatment (40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm, 120 ppm) and 3) mulching practices. Results of the experiment revealed that fresh yield of tomato was significantly increased by applying mulching practices due to conservation of soil moisture by mulches and therefore, reduced Ca-deficiency symptoms. The highest number of fruits per plant and fresh yield were obtained from the variety BARI F1Tomato-5. The same trend of yield and yield contributing parameters were likely to be better by using T3?treatment (80 ppm) than those of other treatments. In contrast, BARI F1Tomato-7 variety in control treatment without mulching practice gave poor quality and yield of tomato. Results suggested that BARI F1Tomato-5 variety receiving 80 ppm calcium treatment with mulching condition exposed better quality, yield and yield contributing characters of tomato. However, the T3?treatment (80 ppm) with mulching would be recommended as the best combination to grow BARI F1Tomato-5 for the farmers in Bangladesh.展开更多
以杂交稻 F 优498为材料，研究了高、低土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻主要生育期氮素吸收利用特征、产量及米质的影响，并探讨了不同土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖和氮肥运筹对结实期剑叶 SPAD 值与稻米品质的形成的影响.结果表明，不同...以杂交稻 F 优498为材料，研究了高、低土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻主要生育期氮素吸收利用特征、产量及米质的影响，并探讨了不同土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖和氮肥运筹对结实期剑叶 SPAD 值与稻米品质的形成的影响.结果表明，不同土壤肥力下，麦秆覆盖均有效促进杂交稻各生育时期氮素积累，提高了氮素利用效率以及稻谷产量，增加了稻米蛋白质含量、稻米胶稠度，显著降低了稻米垩白度以及垩白粒率，且高土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖优于低土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖处理.同时，不同土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖处理，均以 m 基肥∶m 蘖肥∶m 穗肥为3∶3∶4的氮肥运筹模式最优，均能有效调节水稻灌浆结实期叶片 SPAD 值，提高水稻氮素吸收利用效率及稻谷产量；但稻米品质方面，高土壤肥力以 m 基肥∶m 蘖肥∶m 穗肥为5∶3∶2时最佳；而低土壤肥力可适当提高氮肥后移比例，以 m 基肥∶m 蘖肥∶m 穗肥＝3∶3∶4最佳.相关分析表明，水稻灌浆期剑叶 SPAD 值与稻米出糙率、整精米率以及蛋白质含量显著或极显著正相关（r ＝0．47？～0．90？？）；与垩百度、垩白粒率负相关，但相关未达显著水平；而高土壤肥力下稻米品质各项指标分别与齐穗后19～27 d 剑叶 SPAD 值，低土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖与齐穗后13～19 d 剑叶 SPAD 值相关系数最大.展开更多
文摘A field experiment was conducted to study water use efficiency and agronomic traits in rice cultivated in flooded soil and non-flooded soils with and without straw mulching. The total amount of water used by rice under flooded cultivation （FC） was 2.42 and 3.31 times as much as that by rice under the non-flooded cultivation with and without straw mulching, respectively. The average water seepage was 13 560 m^3/ha under the flooded cultivation, 4 750 m^3/ha under the non-flooded cultivation without straw mulching （ZM） and 4 680 m^3/ha under non-flooded cultivation with straw mulching （SM）. The evapotranspiration in the SM treatment was only 38.2% and 63.6% of the FC treatment and ZM treatment, respectively. Compared with the ZM treatment, straw mulching significantly increased leaf area per plant, main root length, gross root length and root dry weight per plant of rice. The highest grain yield under the SM treatment （6 747 kg/ha） was close to the rice cultivated in flooded soil （6 811.5 kg / ha）. However, the yield under the ZM treatment （4 716 kg/ha） was much lower than that under the FS treatment and SM treatment. The order of water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency were both as follows： SM〉 ZM〉 FC.
基金the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2002AA2Z4331)for generous financial support
文摘A long-term field experiment （started at 2003） was conducted to determine the effects of different dce cultivation methods on growth characteristics and grain yield of late-season rice under double-rice cropping system in seasonal drought region of southeast China （Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province）. The rice cultivation methods included no-tillage and flooded rice cultivation （N-F）, no-tillage and non-flooded rice cultivation with straw mulching （N-SM）, and no-tillage and non-flooded rice cultivation without straw mulching （N-ZM）. There was no significant difference in rice grain yield between the N-SM and N-F treatments. However, the rice grain yields in the N-SM and N-F treatments were significantly higher than that in the N-ZM treatment. The late-season rice plants in the N-SM treatment had significantly higher numbers of effective panicles and total grains per hill compared with those in the N-ZM treatment. The above-ground dry matter of late-season rice was similar between the N-SM and N-F treatments. Compared with the N-F treatment, the N-ZM and N-SM treatments significantly decreased the leaf area at the heading stage. Moreover, the N-SM treatment could significantly increase total root length and root tip number at the grain-filling stage compared with the N-ZM treatment.
文摘The experiment conducted in containers known as pot placed on rooftop of a building using noncalcareous grey terrace soil was carried out from October, 2012 to March, 2013 at Kazla, Motihar, Rajshahi, Bangladesh to investigate the influences of calcium and mulching practices on yield and fruit quality of tomato. The study was laid out in a split-split plot design with three replications. The trials comprised three factors: 1) three tomato varieties viz, BARI F1Tomato-5, BARI F1Tomato-6 and BARI F1Tomato-7;2) four levels of calcium (Ca) treatment (40 ppm, 60 ppm, 80 ppm, 120 ppm) and 3) mulching practices. Results of the experiment revealed that fresh yield of tomato was significantly increased by applying mulching practices due to conservation of soil moisture by mulches and therefore, reduced Ca-deficiency symptoms. The highest number of fruits per plant and fresh yield were obtained from the variety BARI F1Tomato-5. The same trend of yield and yield contributing parameters were likely to be better by using T3?treatment (80 ppm) than those of other treatments. In contrast, BARI F1Tomato-7 variety in control treatment without mulching practice gave poor quality and yield of tomato. Results suggested that BARI F1Tomato-5 variety receiving 80 ppm calcium treatment with mulching condition exposed better quality, yield and yield contributing characters of tomato. However, the T3?treatment (80 ppm) with mulching would be recommended as the best combination to grow BARI F1Tomato-5 for the farmers in Bangladesh.
文摘以杂交稻 F 优498为材料，研究了高、低土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖与氮肥运筹对杂交稻主要生育期氮素吸收利用特征、产量及米质的影响，并探讨了不同土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖和氮肥运筹对结实期剑叶 SPAD 值与稻米品质的形成的影响.结果表明，不同土壤肥力下，麦秆覆盖均有效促进杂交稻各生育时期氮素积累，提高了氮素利用效率以及稻谷产量，增加了稻米蛋白质含量、稻米胶稠度，显著降低了稻米垩白度以及垩白粒率，且高土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖优于低土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖处理.同时，不同土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖处理，均以 m 基肥∶m 蘖肥∶m 穗肥为3∶3∶4的氮肥运筹模式最优，均能有效调节水稻灌浆结实期叶片 SPAD 值，提高水稻氮素吸收利用效率及稻谷产量；但稻米品质方面，高土壤肥力以 m 基肥∶m 蘖肥∶m 穗肥为5∶3∶2时最佳；而低土壤肥力可适当提高氮肥后移比例，以 m 基肥∶m 蘖肥∶m 穗肥＝3∶3∶4最佳.相关分析表明，水稻灌浆期剑叶 SPAD 值与稻米出糙率、整精米率以及蛋白质含量显著或极显著正相关（r ＝0．47？～0．90？？）；与垩百度、垩白粒率负相关，但相关未达显著水平；而高土壤肥力下稻米品质各项指标分别与齐穗后19～27 d 剑叶 SPAD 值，低土壤肥力下麦秆覆盖与齐穗后13～19 d 剑叶 SPAD 值相关系数最大.
