Epidemiological Characteristics of Maize Rough Dwarf Disease in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain

Maize rough dwarf disease is a common epidemic disease in large areas.Its epidemic and occurrence mechanism is a complex process.In this paper,the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of maize rough dwarf disease in Huang-Huai-Hai plain were elaborated based on the research results of maize rough dwarf disease at home and abroad for many years.The epidemic of maize rough dwarf disease is affected by many factors,such as the occurrence and virus carrying rate of the first generation small brown planthopper,accumulation of virus sources on gramineous crops and weed hosts,maize variety resistance,maize sowing date,maize growth period,crop layout,tillage system,climate and ecological environment.The key factors causing the outbreak and epidemic of maize rough dwarf disease are the planting of maize susceptible varieties,the meeting of maize seedling stage and the peak period of adult spread of the first generation of small brown planthopper.

江苏小麦条纹病毒病的发生及其病原的RT-PCR分析

为了确诊在江苏小麦上新发生的一种病毒病害,采用ELISA、RT-PCR和序列测定等方法对其病原进行了精确鉴定,并对此病的田间发生流行规律进行了调查分析。结果表明,该病主要症状表现为沿叶脉产生断续或连续的褪绿或黄化条纹,后期心叶枯死或产生枯孕穗,症状于日最低气温高于15℃连续7 d后开始表现。病株主要出现在稻套麦田中,病害轻重与麦田中灰飞虱的越冬基数大小密切相关,病田发病率最高可达70.0%以上。经Dot-ELISA检测,病叶与水稻条纹病毒(rice stripe virus,RSV)抗血清呈阳性反应,以已发表的RSV日本T分离物的相应基因片段序列设计的引物可在症状明显的小麦叶片中扩增出预期目的条带。测序结果表明,小麦来源江苏盐都分离物的CP和NS3基因与水稻来源的RSV江苏洪泽分离物和日本T分离物对应基因片段核苷酸序列同源性达95%以上,与同一地区灰飞虱来源的RSV分离物对应基因片段核苷酸序列同源性达97%以上。根据以上结果确认该病病原为水稻条纹病毒,初步命名为小麦条纹病毒病。

水稻条纹病毒在玉米和水稻上流行差异分析

为了明确水稻条纹病毒(RSV)在水稻和玉米上发生程度差异明显的原因,从一个侧面了解RSV流行本质,2004年在洪泽进行田间试验。采用黄盘诱集、盘扑、盘刮、肉眼计数等方法比较武育粳3号和掖单13上灰飞虱侵入和消长动态,结果表明两者均只有一个成虫侵入高峰,单位面积迁入虫量前者是后者的3.6倍,单株平均虫量相近。Dot-ELISA法测定灰飞虱带毒率为40%,成虫迁移扩散高峰期22d内两者接毒量约为每天百株137头带毒虫。武育粳3号有二代若虫发生,掖单13则无。逐日调查发病进程,结果显示水稻发病率为60%,玉米为0。室内抗性鉴定,掖单13对RSV的抗性比武育粳3号高4个级别。综合以上结果,寄主品种抗性决定了RSV在水稻和玉米上流行状况,二代若虫重复侵染是RSV在水稻上重发的另一主要原因。