In this study,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and RNA-seq transcriptome sequencing were used to study the changes in soluble sugar components and flavonoids in Prunus persica‘Jinxiangyu’at different deve...In this study,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and RNA-seq transcriptome sequencing were used to study the changes in soluble sugar components and flavonoids in Prunus persica‘Jinxiangyu’at different developmental stages(20–90 d after flowering)and screen the key genes regulating the formation of soluble sugar and flavonoids in the fruits.The results showed that 60–85 d after flowering was the key stage of quality formation of Prunus persica‘Jinxiangyu’,and the content of soluble sugar,soluble solid,fructose,and sucrose in the fruit increased significantly during this period.The sugar content of ripe fruits was mainly fructose and sucrose.The content of kaempferol glycoside was low in the fruit.Quercetin glycoside content was higher in the young fruit stage and decreased with fruit maturity.There were no anthocyanin compounds in the fruit.The expression levels of genes involved in flavonoid metabolism(ANS,DFR,F3H,FLS,4CL1,etc.)were low in the fruit.A total of 181 differentially expressed genes were identified during fruit development to participate in five sugar metabolism pathways,among which the SDH gene had a higher expression level,which continuously rised in the later stage of fruit development.It mainly promoted the accumulation of fructose content in the later stage of fruit development.The expression levels of SPS1,SS,and SS1 genes were continuously up-regulated,which played a key role in sucrose regulation.The higher expression levels of SUS3 and INVA genes in the early stage of fruit development promoted the degradation of sucrose.展开更多
Since the carbohydrate content affects pear flavor during the process of growth, it is necessary to determine the sugar components that accumulate in the fruit. We analyzed the fruit carbohydrate content, and the gene...Since the carbohydrate content affects pear flavor during the process of growth, it is necessary to determine the sugar components that accumulate in the fruit. We analyzed the fruit carbohydrate content, and the gene expression and activity ofacid invertase(AI), neutral invertase(NI), sucrose synthase(SS), and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) during the development of "Huangguan" and "Yali" pears. The results demonstrate that during development, the fruit sugar metabolism of the "Huangguan" pear follows a typical sorbitol–starch-soluble sugars middle model, whereas the "Yali" pear fruit follows a typical sorbitol–sucrose–starch-soluble sugars middle model. In the "Huangguan" pear, we found the AI and NI gene expressions, as well as AI( P < 0.05) and NI( P < 0.01) enzyme activities, to be positively correlated, whereas we found the NI gene expression and NI enzyme activity of "Yali" pear to be negatively correlated( P < 0.01). We observed the high levels oflate-stage AI and early-stage SS during development to roughly correspond with the gene expression found in the late and early stages, respectively, suggesting their potential regulatory roles in "Huangguan" pear fruit development. Our results indicate that the primary function of SPS during the early developmental stage is to accumulate sucrose, whereas the primary function of AI is to promote hexose accumulation during the late developmental stage ofmature "Yali" pear fruit.展开更多
Annona squamosa is a multipurpose fruit tree employed in nutritional,medicinal,and industrial fields.Its fruit is significantly enriched in sugars,making it an excellent species to study sugar accumulation in fruit.Ho...Annona squamosa is a multipurpose fruit tree employed in nutritional,medicinal,and industrial fields.Its fruit is significantly enriched in sugars,making it an excellent species to study sugar accumulation in fruit.However,the scarcity of genomic resources hinders genetic studies in this species.This study aimed at generating large-scale genomic resources in A.squamosa and deciphering the molecular basis of its high sugar content.Herein,we sequenced and characterized the full-length transcriptome of A.squamosa fruit using PacBio Iso-seq.In addition,we analyzed the changes in sugar content over five fruit growth and ripening stages,and we applied RNA-sequencing technology to investigate the changes in gene expression related to sugar accumulation.A total of 783,647 circular consensus sequences were generated,from which we obtained 48,209 high-quality,full-length transcripts.Additionally,1,838 transcription factors and 1,768 long non-coding RNAs were detected.Furthermore,we identified 10,400 alternative splicing events from 2,541 unigenes having on average 2–4 isoforms.A total of 15,061 simple sequence repeat(SSR)motifs were discovered and up to three primer pairs were designed for each SSR locus.Sugars mainly accumulate during the ripening stage in A.squamosa.Most of the genes involved in sugar transport and metabolism in the fruit were progressively repressed overgrowth and ripening stages.However,sucrose phosphate synthase involved in sucrose synthesis and more importantly,isoamylase,alpha-amylase,beta-amylase,4-alphaglucanotransferase genes involved in starch degradation displayed positive correlations with sugar accumulation in fruit.Overall,we provide here a high-quality,full-length transcriptome assembly which will facilitate gene discovery and molecular breeding of A.squamosa.We found that starch degradation during fruit ripening was the main channel for sugar accumulation in A.squamosa fruit,and the key genes positively linked to sugar accumulation could be further studied to identify targets for controlling sugar content in A.squamosa fruit.展开更多
As a complex wall system in flowering plants, the pollen outer wall mainly contains aliphatic sporopollenin; however, the mechanism for synthesizing these lipidic precursors during pollen development remains less well...As a complex wall system in flowering plants, the pollen outer wall mainly contains aliphatic sporopollenin; however, the mechanism for synthesizing these lipidic precursors during pollen development remains less well understood. Here, we report on the function of the rice tapetum-expressing TDR （Tapetum Degeneration Retardation） gene in aliphatic metabolism and its regulatory role during rice pollen development. The observations of transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） analyses suggested that pollen wall formation was significantly altered in the tdr mutant. The contents of aliphatic compositions of anther were greatly changed in the tdr mutant revealed by GC-MS （gas chromatography-mass spectrometry） testing, particularly less accumulated in fatty acids, primary alcohols, alkanes and alkenes, and an abnormal increase in secondary alcohols with carbon lengths from C29 to C3S in tdr. Microarray data revealed that a group of genes putatively involved in lipid transport and metabolism were significantly altered in the tdr mutant, indicating the critical role of TDR in the formation of the pollen wall. Also, a wide range of genes （236 in total--154 up-regulated and 82 down-regulated） exhibited statistically significant expressional differences between wild-type and tdr. In addition to its function in promoting tapetum PCD, TDR possibly plays crucial regulatory roles in several basic biological processes during rice pollen development.展开更多
文摘In this study,high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and RNA-seq transcriptome sequencing were used to study the changes in soluble sugar components and flavonoids in Prunus persica‘Jinxiangyu’at different developmental stages(20–90 d after flowering)and screen the key genes regulating the formation of soluble sugar and flavonoids in the fruits.The results showed that 60–85 d after flowering was the key stage of quality formation of Prunus persica‘Jinxiangyu’,and the content of soluble sugar,soluble solid,fructose,and sucrose in the fruit increased significantly during this period.The sugar content of ripe fruits was mainly fructose and sucrose.The content of kaempferol glycoside was low in the fruit.Quercetin glycoside content was higher in the young fruit stage and decreased with fruit maturity.There were no anthocyanin compounds in the fruit.The expression levels of genes involved in flavonoid metabolism(ANS,DFR,F3H,FLS,4CL1,etc.)were low in the fruit.A total of 181 differentially expressed genes were identified during fruit development to participate in five sugar metabolism pathways,among which the SDH gene had a higher expression level,which continuously rised in the later stage of fruit development.It mainly promoted the accumulation of fructose content in the later stage of fruit development.The expression levels of SPS1,SS,and SS1 genes were continuously up-regulated,which played a key role in sucrose regulation.The higher expression levels of SUS3 and INVA genes in the early stage of fruit development promoted the degradation of sucrose.
基金funded as a key project in the National Science and Technology Pillar Program during the 11th 5-Year Plans (No.2006BAD22B01)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.31171769)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest (No.201303075)
文摘Since the carbohydrate content affects pear flavor during the process of growth, it is necessary to determine the sugar components that accumulate in the fruit. We analyzed the fruit carbohydrate content, and the gene expression and activity ofacid invertase(AI), neutral invertase(NI), sucrose synthase(SS), and sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) during the development of "Huangguan" and "Yali" pears. The results demonstrate that during development, the fruit sugar metabolism of the "Huangguan" pear follows a typical sorbitol–starch-soluble sugars middle model, whereas the "Yali" pear fruit follows a typical sorbitol–sucrose–starch-soluble sugars middle model. In the "Huangguan" pear, we found the AI and NI gene expressions, as well as AI( P < 0.05) and NI( P < 0.01) enzyme activities, to be positively correlated, whereas we found the NI gene expression and NI enzyme activity of "Yali" pear to be negatively correlated( P < 0.01). We observed the high levels oflate-stage AI and early-stage SS during development to roughly correspond with the gene expression found in the late and early stages, respectively, suggesting their potential regulatory roles in "Huangguan" pear fruit development. Our results indicate that the primary function of SPS during the early developmental stage is to accumulate sucrose, whereas the primary function of AI is to promote hexose accumulation during the late developmental stage ofmature "Yali" pear fruit.
基金the key research and development program of Guangxi,China(Grant No.AB19245004)the Science and Technology Major Project of Guangxi,China(Grant No.AA17204026,Grant No.AA17204097-7)+1 种基金the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Guangxi,China(Grant No.nycytxgxcxtd-17-15)the Science and technology project of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(Grant No.2015YT48).
文摘Annona squamosa is a multipurpose fruit tree employed in nutritional,medicinal,and industrial fields.Its fruit is significantly enriched in sugars,making it an excellent species to study sugar accumulation in fruit.However,the scarcity of genomic resources hinders genetic studies in this species.This study aimed at generating large-scale genomic resources in A.squamosa and deciphering the molecular basis of its high sugar content.Herein,we sequenced and characterized the full-length transcriptome of A.squamosa fruit using PacBio Iso-seq.In addition,we analyzed the changes in sugar content over five fruit growth and ripening stages,and we applied RNA-sequencing technology to investigate the changes in gene expression related to sugar accumulation.A total of 783,647 circular consensus sequences were generated,from which we obtained 48,209 high-quality,full-length transcripts.Additionally,1,838 transcription factors and 1,768 long non-coding RNAs were detected.Furthermore,we identified 10,400 alternative splicing events from 2,541 unigenes having on average 2–4 isoforms.A total of 15,061 simple sequence repeat(SSR)motifs were discovered and up to three primer pairs were designed for each SSR locus.Sugars mainly accumulate during the ripening stage in A.squamosa.Most of the genes involved in sugar transport and metabolism in the fruit were progressively repressed overgrowth and ripening stages.However,sucrose phosphate synthase involved in sucrose synthesis and more importantly,isoamylase,alpha-amylase,beta-amylase,4-alphaglucanotransferase genes involved in starch degradation displayed positive correlations with sugar accumulation in fruit.Overall,we provide here a high-quality,full-length transcriptome assembly which will facilitate gene discovery and molecular breeding of A.squamosa.We found that starch degradation during fruit ripening was the main channel for sugar accumulation in A.squamosa fruit,and the key genes positively linked to sugar accumulation could be further studied to identify targets for controlling sugar content in A.squamosa fruit.
文摘As a complex wall system in flowering plants, the pollen outer wall mainly contains aliphatic sporopollenin; however, the mechanism for synthesizing these lipidic precursors during pollen development remains less well understood. Here, we report on the function of the rice tapetum-expressing TDR （Tapetum Degeneration Retardation） gene in aliphatic metabolism and its regulatory role during rice pollen development. The observations of transmission electron microscopy （TEM） and scanning electron microscopy （SEM） analyses suggested that pollen wall formation was significantly altered in the tdr mutant. The contents of aliphatic compositions of anther were greatly changed in the tdr mutant revealed by GC-MS （gas chromatography-mass spectrometry） testing, particularly less accumulated in fatty acids, primary alcohols, alkanes and alkenes, and an abnormal increase in secondary alcohols with carbon lengths from C29 to C3S in tdr. Microarray data revealed that a group of genes putatively involved in lipid transport and metabolism were significantly altered in the tdr mutant, indicating the critical role of TDR in the formation of the pollen wall. Also, a wide range of genes （236 in total--154 up-regulated and 82 down-regulated） exhibited statistically significant expressional differences between wild-type and tdr. In addition to its function in promoting tapetum PCD, TDR possibly plays crucial regulatory roles in several basic biological processes during rice pollen development.
