The Richtmyer–Meshkov instability of a 'V' shaped air/helium interface subjected to a weak shock

The Richtmyer-Meshkov instability ofa ‘V＇ shaped air/helium gaseous interface subjected to a weak shock wave is experimentally studied. A soap film technique is adopted to create a ‘V＇ shaped interface with accurate initial conditions. Five kinds of ‘V＇ shaped interfaces with different vertex angles are formed to highlight the effects of initial conditions on the flow characteristics. The results show that a spike is generated after the shock impact, and grows constantly with time. As the vertex angle increases, vortices generated on the interface become less noticeable, and the spike develops less pronouncedly. The linear growth rate of interface width after compression phase is estimated by a linear model and a revised linear model, and the latter is proven to be more effective for the interface with high initial amplitudes. The linear growth rate of interface width is, for the first time in a heavy/light interface configuration, found to be a non-monotonous function of the initial perturbation amplitude-wavelength ratio.

Investigation of convergent Richtmyer–Meshkov instability at tin/xenon interface with pulsed magnetic driven imploding

The Richtmyer–Meshkov instability at the interface of solid state tin material and xenon gases under cylinder geometry is studied in this paper. The experiments were conducted at FP-1 facility in Institute of Fluid Physics, China Academy of Engineering Physics(CAEP). The FP-1 facility is a pulsed power driver which could generate high amplitude magnetic field to drive metal liner imploding. Convergent shock wave was generated by impacting a magnetic-driven aluminium liner onto a inner mounted tin liner. The convergent evolution of the disturbance pre-machined onto the tin liner's inner surface was diagnosed by x-radiography. The spike amplitudes were derived from x-ray frames and were compared with linear theory.An analytical model containing material strength effect was derived and matched well to the experimental results. This sensibility of the disturbance evolution to material strength property shines light to the application of Richtmyer–Meshkov instability to infer material strength.

Finite-thickness effect of the fluids on bubbles and spikes in Richtmyer–Meshkov instability for arbitrary Atwood numbers

This paper investigates the finite-thickness effect of two superimposed fluids on bubbles and spikes in Richtmyer–Meshkov instability(RMI) for arbitrary Atwood numbers by using the method of the small parameter expansion up to the second order. When the thickness of the two fluids tends to be infinity, our results can reproduce the classical results where RMI happens at the interface separating two semi-infinity-thickness fluids of different densities. It is found that the thickness has a large influence on the amplitude evolution of bubbles and spikes compared with those in classical RMI. Based on the thickness relationship of the two fluids, the thickness effect on bubbles and spikes for four cases is discussed. The thickness encourages(or reduces)the growth of bubbles or spikes, depending on not only Atwood number, but also the relationship of the thickness ratio of the heavy and light fluids, which is explicitly determined in this paper.

Successive Picket Drive for Mitigating the Ablative Richtmyer–Meshkov Instability

The ablative Richtmyer–Meshkov instability(ARMI) is crucial to the successful ignition implosion of the inertial confinement fusion(ICF) because of its action as the seed of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. In usual ICF implosions, the first shock driven by various foots of the pulses plays a central role in the ARMI growth. We propose a new scheme for refraining from ARMI with a pulse of successive pickets. With the successive-picket pulse design, a rippled capsule surface is compressed by three successive shocks with sequentially strengthening intensities and ablated stabilization, and the ablative Richtmyer–Meshkov growth is mitigated quite effectively.Our numerical simulations and theoretical analyses identify the validity of this scheme.

高马赫数激波作用下单模界面的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性数值模拟

为了研究高马赫数激波冲击下的单模界面Richtmyer-Meshkov(RM)不稳定性,特别是高马赫数激波带来的热化学非平衡效应的影响,采用基于有限体积方法的二维高温非平衡流动程序,利用自适应非结构网格模拟了空气中高马赫数激波冲击两侧温度不同的单模界面导致的RM不稳定现象。研究中涵盖了轻/重界面和重/轻界面2种情况,涉及的激波马赫数范围分别为6~9和8~11。对比了冻结流、热非平衡流和热化学非平衡流3种气体模式下的流场演化过程,揭示了扰动增长和增长率的变化规律。通过对比扰动增长的线性理论和非线性理论,分析了初始激波马赫数和初始扰动尺度的变化对RM不稳定性的影响,同时讨论了涡量场分布和环量的演化规律。结果表明,与冻结流相比,热化学非平衡流中透射激波、反射波及界面速度明显不同,扰动振幅增长率峰值降低,界面增长率脉动减弱,界面不稳定性增长速度变慢。通过对比多种理论模型和本文的数值模拟结果,发现Zhang-Sohn模型相对于其他模型更适用于高马赫数激波作用下的单模界面RM不稳定性问题。对涡量场的研究发现,有2个较强的涡量生成区域,一个位于界面上,另一个位于透射激波波后,这同低马赫数下涡量主要在界面上生成的结论显著不同。此外,热化学非平衡流中环量的幅值大小低于冻结流中的结果,这与热化学非平衡流中扰动的增长低于冻结流的结论对应。

不同界面组分分布对Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性的影响

基于二维非定常Euler方程,对平面激波与不同界面组分分布下氦气气柱作用过程所引起的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性现象进行了数值模拟,探讨了激波冲击轻质气柱后气柱界面形态的演变及流场波系结构,定量分析了气柱特征尺度(气柱长度、高度和中轴宽度)和气柱体积压缩率随时间变化.此外,结合流场压强、速度、环量和气体混合率,多角度分析了激波驱动界面气体混合的流动机制,获得了不同界面组分分布对界面不稳定性的影响.结果表明,随着气柱界面从完全扩散界面向间断界面的过渡,界面两侧的声反射系数随之增大,使入射激波与气柱界面的作用由常规透射转变为非常规透射,反射激波逐渐加强,透射激波逐渐减弱,使得Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性随之增强;同时,界面两侧阿特伍德数的增大,加强了Rayleigh-Taylor不稳定性和Kelvin-Helmholtz不稳定性的发展.此外,界面不稳定性的加强使得流场环量增大,导致气体混合率的增长速率随之升高.

Nonlinear Saturation Amplitude in Classical Planar Richtmyer–Meshkov Instability

The classical planar Richtmyer–Meshkov instability(RMI) at a fluid interface supported by a constant pressure is investigated by a formal perturbation expansion up to the third order,and then according to definition of nonlinear saturation amplitude(NSA) in Rayleigh–Taylor instability(RTI),the NSA in planar RMI is obtained explicitly.It is found that the NSA in planar RMI is affected by the initial perturbation wavelength and the initial amplitude of the interface,while the effect of the initial amplitude of the interface on the NSA is less than that of the initial perturbation wavelength.Without marginal influence of the initial amplitude,the NSA increases linearly with wavelength.The NSA normalized by the wavelength in planar RMI is about 0.11,larger than that corresponding to RTI.

密度扰动的类Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性增长及其与无扰动界面耦合的数值模拟

靶丸材料内部扰动在冲击波作用后会产生类似Richtmyer-Meshkov(RM)不稳定性的增长并耦合到烧蚀面产生扰动种子.本文使用数值模拟的方法研究了这种类RM不稳定性增长规律以及不稳定性与界面的耦合机制.研究表明,线性阶段密度扰动类RM不稳定性增长速度满足δv∝k_(y)△uη.密度扰动到界面的耦合有声波耦合和涡合并两种机制,声波耦合引起的界面扰动增长速度满足δ_(v i)/(k_(y)△uη)∝e^(-k_(y)L).界面上的Atwood数为正时,界面上涡量和密度扰动的涡量方向相同,涡合并导致扰动速度增大.Atwood数为正时,降低界面上的Atwood数以及增大界面上过渡层的宽度均可减小密度扰动耦合引起的界面扰动增长.

爆炸焊接波状界面的Richtmyer-meshkov失稳机理

目前对于爆炸焊接金属界面成波机理的模型只能对波状界面形成的某些方面给予定量或定性的描述,而不能全面地解释其中的所有现象。在对钛钢过渡层爆炸焊接研究时,通过扫描电镜观测钛/铜爆炸焊接波状界面,发现在放大2000倍时,钛铜之间并没有波状界面存在,而是“钛滴”在铜中形成了一个个“孤岛”状结合界面。当两板结合后的相对位移较大时,就会将界面波的波峰部分拉断,脱离原位形成“孤岛”。对爆炸焊接的理论分析以及实验研究表明,Richtmyer-Meshkov失稳机理可以更好地解释爆炸焊接波状界面的形成过程。爆炸焊接过程中,在碰撞点附近,爆炸焊接界面会出现一薄层熔化区,界面附近的材料处于准流体状态。当高压弹-塑性应力波到达时,就会引起界面的扰动,前面应力波引起的扰动在后续一系列应力波的作用下会进一步发展,形成典型的Richtmyer-Meshkov界面失稳。因此,Richtmyer-Meshkov失稳、冻结,是形成我们所观察到的爆炸焊接中各种类型的波状界面原因。

HIGH-ORDER WENO SIMULATIONS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL RESHOCKED RICHTMYER-MESHKOV INSTABILITY TO LATE TIMES:DYNAMICS,DEPENDENCE ON INITIAL CONDITIONS,AND COMPARISONS TO EXPERIMENTAL DATA

The dynamics of the reshocked multi-mode Richtmyer-Meshkov instability is investigated using 513 × 257^2 three-dimensional ninth-order weighted essentially nonoscil- latory shock-capturing simulations. A two-mode initial perturbation with superposed ran- dom noise is used to model the Mach 1.5 air/SF6 Vetter-Sturtevant shock tube experiment. The mass fraction and enstrophy isosurfaces, and density cross-sections are utilized to show the detailed flow structure before, during, and after reshock. It is shown that the mixing layer growth agrees well with the experimentally measured growth rate before and after reshock. The post-reshock growth rate is also in good agreement with the prediction of the Mikaelian model. A parametric study of the sensitivity of the layer growth to the choice of amplitudes of the short and long wavelength initial interfacial perturbation is also pre- sented. Finally, the amplification effects of reshock are quantified using the evolution of the turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent enstrophy spectra, as well as the evolution of the baroclinic enstrophy production, buoyancy production, and shear production terms in the enstrophy and turbulent kinetic transport equations.

Detonation initiation developing from the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability

Detonation initiation resulting from the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability is investigated numerically in the configuration of the shock/spark-induced-deflagration interaction in a combustive gas mixture. Two-dimensional multi-species Navier-Stokes equations implemented with the detailed chemical reaction model are solved with the dispersion-controlled dissipative scheme. Numerical results show that the spark can create a blast wave and ignite deflagrations. Then, the deflagration waves are enhanced due to the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability, which provides detonation initiations with local environment conditions. By examining the deflagration fronts, two kinds of the initiation mechanisms are identified. One is referred to as the deflagration front acceleration with the help of the weak shock wave, occurring on the convex surfaces, and the other is the hot spot explosion deriving from the deflagration front focusing, occurring on the concave surfaces.

Numerical investigation of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability driven by cylindrical shocks

In this paper, a numerical method with high order accuracy and high resolution was developed to simulate the Richtmyer-Meshkov（RM） instability driven by cylindrical shock waves. Compressible Euler equations in cylindrical coordinate were adopted for the cylindrical geometry and a third order accurate group control scheme was adopted to discretize the equations. Moreover, an adaptive grid technique was developed to refine the grid near the moving interface to improve the resolution of numerical solutions. The results of simulation exhibited the evolution process of RM instability, and the effect of Atwood number was studied. The larger the absolute value of Atwood number, the larger the perturbation amplitude. The nonlinear effect manifests more evidently in cylindrical geometry. The shock reflected from the pole center accelerates the interface for the second time, considerably complicating the interface evolution process, and such phenomena of reshock and secondary shock were studied.

用垂直激波管研究多层流体界面上的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性

使用竖直激波管对气-液界面上的Richtmyer-Meshkov(RM)不稳定性现象进行了实验研究,构造了空气-硅油-水及空气-酒精-硅油两类流体界面,使用氦气作为高压驱动气体,进行了激波马赫数分别为M=1.50,1.85,2.25的实验;研究了流体黏性、激波强度以及表面张力对不稳定性发展的影响.通过分析实验数据,得到了气泡深度、尖钉高度及混合区域宽度随时间的变化关系,并发现在高马赫数下非线性变化关系明显.另外,研究了硅油层厚度对RM不稳定性的影响,提供了判断硅油层对RM不稳定性发生延迟的定量依据.

用湍流模型研究Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性诱导的湍流混合

将k-ε模型应用到存在激波的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性诱导混合的研究中,采用代数关系式补充模型的封闭假设,给出了合理描述RMI特征的湍动能产生项的表达式。采用该模型对两个激波管实验进行了模拟。通过与实验和文献中的直接模拟结果比较分析,验证了所采用的模型封闭、模型常数、数值算法、程序实现是合适的。

激波冲击下air/SF_6界面的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性

实验研究了低马赫数(1.27)激波作用air/SF6界面的RM不稳定性问题。air/SF6初始正弦界面由厚度为1～2!m的薄膜相隔得到,用阴影法测试界面演化过程。实验结果表明:由于不稳定性重流体(SF6)向轻流体(air)演化成"尖钉"结构,而轻流体演化为"气泡"结构;由于界面切向速度差的Kelvin-Helm-holtz不稳定性,"尖钉"头部翻转成蘑菇头形状;之后,蘑菇杆破碎。扰动振幅发展的实验结果与Zhang-Sohn模型和PPM数值计算的结果较吻合。

RICHTMYER-MESHKOV不稳定性的数值模拟

采用了自适应的非结构网格和基于有限体积法的二阶Godunov格式 ,数值模拟了在激波作用下两种不同密度流体的交界面的演化过程 .着重讨论了Richtmyer Meshkov不稳定性以及斜压效应在交界面演化过程中的作用 ,并给出了交界面的扰动增长率 .

Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性流体混合区发展的实验研究

使用矩形激波管,在马赫数分别为M=1．5和1．7的条件下实验研究了气／液界面上(即Atwood数A接近1时)由Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性引起的流体混合现象．得到了气／液界面上Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性后期流体混合区域宽度随时间的发展呈现出线性关系的结果,即h∝t．比较了不同马赫数和初始扰动下的发展情况,发现当马赫数增加时,同一时间混合区域宽度随之增加,混合区域宽度增长变快;而相比于波长差别不大的弱多模态初始扰动(无人为干扰界面),当界面初始扰动获得随机外界干扰时,界面混合区域具有较大的宽度以及增长速度．并且增加激波马赫数和初始扰动多模态性,流体混合程度更为剧烈．

不同密度梯度的多层流体界面上的Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性研究

在气-液界面Richtmyer-Meshkov(R-M)不稳定性研究的基础上,利用不同流体间密度的差异,构造了空气-硅油-水、空气-酒精-硅油两种流体粘度方向迥异的气-液-液三相界面,实验中以氮气作为高压驱动气体,在不同激波马赫数下对这两种界面R-M不稳定性后期尖钉与气泡区发展进行了测量与统计,通过对实验数据的分析,得出了相关规律,并用这些规律与已有的单层气-液界面R-M不稳定性研究成果作比较,得出了异同点。同时,还研究了两种三相界面在R-M不稳定发展中的差异。实验结果表明:当流体的粘度梯度方向(从小到大的方向)与激波方向一致时,界面失稳更加明显,湍流混合更为显著。

纵向磁场抑制Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性机理

基于理想磁流体动力学方程组,采用CTU(corner transport upwind)+CT(constrained transport)算法,数值研究了磁场控制下R22气柱界面Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性的演化过程.结果描述了平面激波冲击气柱界面过程中激波结构和界面不稳定性的发展;无磁场时,流场结构与Haas和Sturtevant(Hass J F,Sturtevant B 1987 J.Fluid Mech.18141)的实验结果相符;施加纵向磁场后,激波结构的演化基本无影响,但明显抑制了气柱界面的不稳定性.进一步研究表明,激波与界面的作用,使磁感线在界面上发生折射,改变流场的磁场梯度,在内外涡量层上形成磁张力.磁张力的形成,对界面流体产生一个与速度剪切相反的力矩,抑制了界面的失稳及主涡的卷起.另外,磁张力沿界面分布的不均匀,改变磁感线在界面上的聚集程度,放大磁能量,最终增强磁场对气柱界面不稳定性的抑制作用.

柱状交界面Richtmyer-Meshkov不稳定性的数值研究

采用基于有限体积法的二阶Godunov格式模拟了柱形密度交界面在同轴激波加速下的演化过程。得到了以下初步结果:在参数相同的情形下,内聚激波比中心爆炸波对界面的扰动更危险;内聚激波从轻质流体进入重质流体与从重质流体进入轻质流体相比,界面有更快的增长。周向波数大小对界面增长率有很大的影响,在计算的参数下,n=8～12有最大增长率,大于和小于这个范围的周向波长,增长率均明显减弱。