Isolated Tricuspid Valve Repair and Right Atrial Plication Performed Using a Beating-Heart Technique for Atrial Functional Tricuspid Valve Regurgitation

Background: Isolated tricuspid valve disease remains a controversial indication for surgical intervention. Many patients referred for surgery already have a poor clinical condition and an advanced New York Heart Association functional class. There is no consensus on the optimal surgical technique for this condition, including on whether to perform the procedure on a beating or an arrested heart and whether to perform valve repair or replacement. Methods: We analyzed four case series between 2015 and 2022 in which patients with secondary tricuspid regurgitation (TR) underwent valve repair on a beating heart and right atrial plication for a dilated right atrium. The TRI-SCORE was calculated for each patient. Results: All patients experienced a favorable postoperative course with significant improvements in heart failure symptoms. TR was markedly reduced;however, in one patient with concomitant mitral regurgitation (MR) and a high TRI-SCORE, MR worsened postoperatively. This patient later died from unknown causes due to multiple comorbidities in the late phase. Conclusions: Tricuspid valve repair on a beating heart was effective for improving the cardiac function, and the TRI-SCORE proved useful as a preoperative risk assessment tool. The underlying mechanism by which TR exacerbates MR requires further investigation.

Intestinal microbiome changes in an infant with right atrial isomerism and recurrent necrotizing enterocolitis:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)is a multifactorial disease that predominantly affects premature neonates.Intestinal dysbiosis plays a critical role in NEC pathogenesis in premature neonates.The main risk factor for NEC in term infants is mesenteric hypoperfusion associated with ductaldependent congenital heart disease(CHD)that eventually leads to intestinal ischemia.The incidence of NEC in neonates with critical CHD is 6.8%-13%.However,the role of the intestinal microbiome in NEC pathogenesis in infants with ductal-dependent CHD remains unclear.CASE SUMMARY A male term neonate with right atrial isomerism underwent modified Blalock-Taussig shunt placement on the 14^(th)day of life and had persistent mesenteric hypoperfusion after surgery.The patient had episodes of NEC stageⅡA on the 1^(st)and 28^(th)days after cardiac surgery.Fecal microbial composition was analyzed before and after cardiac surgery by sequencing region V4 of the 16S rRNA gene.Before surgery,species belonging to genera Veillonella and Clostridia and class Gammaproteobacteria were detected,Bifidobacteriaceae showed a low abundance.The first NEC episode was associated with postoperative hemodynamic instability,intestinal ischemiareperfusion injury during cardiopulmonary bypass,and a high abundance of Clostridium paraputrificum(Clostridium sensu stricto I)(56.1%).Antibacterial therapy after the first NEC episode resulted in increased abundance of Gammaproteobacteria,decreased abundance of Firmicutes,and low alpha diversity.These changes in the microbial composition promoted the growth of Clostridium sensu strictoⅠ(72.0%)before the second NEC episode.CONCLUSION A high abundance of Clostridium sensu strictoⅠand mesenteric hypoperfusion may have contributed to NEC in the present case.

Echocardiographic detection of a metastatic right atrial mass in a patient with previously un-diagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma who presents with dyspnea

A 69-year-old woman had experienced resistant edema of lower extremities and progressive dyspnea on exertion for two months. The pa-tient visited our emergency room owing to ex-acerbation of her dyspnea symptom. Echocar-diography demonstrated a mobile mass in the right atrium. Transesophageal echocardiogra-phy revealed a right atrial mass arising from the inferior vena cava which was partially mobile. The patient underwent urgent open heart sur-gery with resection of the right atrial mass and curettage of the tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava. Histologic examination of the re-sected right atrial mass revealed the features of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Subse-quent work-up revealed that alpha-fetoprotein level was 3780 ng/ml. Abdominal echocardi-ography showed a tumor mass in the right lobe of the liver. The post-operative course was complicated by pneumonia, sepsis, and multi- organ failure. The patient died 48 days after surgery.

Right Atrial Giant Myxoma Occupying the Right Ventricular Cavity

Introduction: Atrial myxomas are the most common primary heart tumors. Because of nonspecific symptoms, early diagnosis may be a challenge [1] [2]. Left atrial myxoma may or may not produce characteristic findings on auscultation. Two-dimensional echocardiography is the diagnostic procedure of choice. Most atrial myxomas are benign and can be removed by surgical resection. Cardiac myxoma is located mostly in left atrium [3]. This was amazing huge mass of cardiac myxoma in unusual part of the heart with the patient showed significant response to anticoagulation after presumed recurrence of tumor. Case Presentation: A case of giant right atrial myxoma mimicking the right ventricular tumor is described. Surgery was performed in 41 years old female and the fist like tumor with its stalk was excised. Surprisingly it recurred after 2 month as the smaller tumor was completely resolved with anticoagulation therapy. In addition because of previous normal echocardiography that was done for another reasons, we estimated the speed of tumor’s growth (3 millimeter/month). Conclusion: To sum up a very large myxoma in right ventricle may only present with occasional dyspnea and we can diagnose it with precise evaluation and with performing on time echocardiography.

A Long Right Atrial Thrombus Intermittently Prolapsing into Right Ventricle in a Patient with Recurrent Ischemic Stroke: An Image Report

A 39-year-old male was admitted for recurrent ischemic strokes. TEE was performed to detect the potential intra-cardiac thrombi and right-to-left shunts. A large hypermobile, echodense, irregular mass was found in the right atrium, which looked like a cluster of grapes. The motion of the components of the mass was synchronized, prolapsing into right ventricle in an octopus-like fashion during diastole. There was no evidence for PFO or other intra-cardiac shunts by color flow Doppler. The patient was referred to surgery and a continuous 30 cm long thrombus spanning from the inferior vena cava to the right ventricle was discovered.

The feasibility, effectiveness and safety of totally thoracoscopic resection for right atrial myxoma

Background Myxoma is the most frequent cardiac benign tumor which requires surgical removal even though in right atrium. Minimally invasive surgery has become the standard approach for removal of myxoma in our center. Herein, we report our initial experience of cardiac myxoma removal through mini-port totally thoracoscopic particular with focus on its feasibility, efficacy and short-term outcomes, as compared with median sternotomy. Methods From April 2015 to March 2019, 31 consecutive cases were ultimately identified and divided into two groups(Mini-port thoracoscopic group, n=14;versus conventional median sternotomic group, n=17). An echocardiography was routinely performed prior to discharge, at 1 st month, 6 th month, 12 th month and every year postoperatively. Retrospective analyses of perioperative data, postoperative outcomes and complications,and follow up data were performed. Results All the 31 patients successfully underwent right atrial myxoma removal surgery with no perioperative death, re-exploration for bleeding, residual mass or central nervous event in both groups. Intraoperative data from two group showed absence of significant difference except the intraoperative blood loss(150±50.01 m L in mini-port thoracoscopic group vs. 255.88±93.35 m L in conventional median sternomtomic group, P=0.01). There was no significant difference in perioperative blood transfusion and postoperative outcomes between the two groups. But the mini-port thoracoscopic group had a much less 24-hour postoperative drainage(136.71±148.20 m L vs. 341.17±211.29 m L, P=0.03). No significance difference could be identified between two groups about the incidence of postoperative morbidities and follow-up adverse events. Conclusion Totally mini-port video-assisted thoracoscopic approach for right atrial myxoma resection on peripheral cardiopulmonary bypass is feasible, effective with favorable safety in experienced cardiac center.[S Chin J Cardiol 2019;20(4):236-244]

Dynamic Characteristic Mechanism of Atrial Septal Defect Using Real-Time Three-Dimensional Echocardiography and Evaluation of Right Ventricular Functions

The dynamic characteristics of the area of the atrial septal defect（ASD） were evaluated using the technique of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography（RT 3DE）, the potential factors responsible for the dynamic characteristics of the area of ASD were observed, and the overall and local volume and functions of the patients with ASD were measured. RT 3DE was performed on the 27 normal controls and 28 patients with ASD. Based on the three-dimensional data workstations, the area of ASD was measured at P wave vertex, R wave vertex, T wave starting point, and T wave terminal point and in the T-P section. The right atrial volume in the same time phase of the cardiac cycle and the motion displacement distance of the tricuspid annulus in the corresponding period were measured. The measured value of the area of ASD was analyzed. The changes in the right atrial volume and the motion displacement distance of the tricuspid annulus in the normal control group and the ASD group were compared. The right ventricular ejection fractions in the normal control group and the ASD group were compared using the RT 3DE long-axis eight-plane（LA 8-plane） method. Real-time three-dimensional volume imaging was performed in the normal control group and ASD group（n=30）. The right ventricular inflow tract, outflow tract, cardiac apex muscular trabecula dilatation, end-systolic volume, overall dilatation, end-systolic volume, and appropriate local and overall ejection fractions in both two groups were measured with the four-dimensional right ventricular quantitative analysis method（4D RVQ） and compared. The overall right ventricular volume and the ejection fraction measured by the LA 8-plane method and 4D RVQ were subjected to a related analysis. Dynamic changes occurred to the area of ASD in the cardiac cycle. The rules for dynamic changes in the area of ASD and the rules for changes in the right atrial volume in the cardiac cycle were consistent. The maximum value of the changes in the right atrial volume occurred in the end-systolic period when the peak of the curve appeared. The minimum value of the changes occurred in the end-systolic period and was located at the lowest point of the volume variation curve. The area variation curve for ASD and the motion variation curve for the tricuspid annulus in the cardiac cycle were the same. The displacement of the tricuspid annulus exhibited directionality. The measured values of the area of ASD at P wave vertex, R wave vertex, T wave starting point, T wave terminal point and in the T-P section were properly correlated with the right atrial volume（P〈0.001）. The area of ASD and the motion displacement distance of the tricuspid annulus were negatively correlated（P〈0.05）. The right atrial volumes in the ASD group in the cardiac cycle in various time phases increased significantly as compared with those in the normal control group（P=0.0001）. The motion displacement distance of the tricuspid annulus decreased significantly in the ASD group as compared with that in the normal control group（P=0.043）. The right ventricular ejection fraction in the ASD group was lower than that in the normal control group（P=0.032）. The ejection fraction of the cardiac apex trabecula of the ASD patients was significantly lower than the ejection fractions of the right ventricular outflow tract and inflow tract and overall ejection fraction. The difference was statistically significant（P=0.005）. The right ventricular local and overall dilatation and end-systolic volumes in the ASD group increased significantly as compared with those in the normal control group（P=0.031）. The a RVEF and the overall ejection fraction decreased in the ASD group as compared with those in the normal control group（P=0.0005）. The dynamic changes in the area of ASD and the motion curves for the right atrial volume and tricuspid annulus have the same dynamic characteristics. RT 3DE can be used to accurately evaluate the local and overall volume and functions of the right ventricle. The local and overall volume loads of the right ventricle in the ASD patients increase significantly as compared with those of the normal people. The right ventricular cardiac apex and the overall systolic function decrease.

Usefulness of myocardial performance index for assessing right ventricular function after percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect

Objective Assessment of right ventricular function in patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) is difficult. The Doppler myocardial performance index (MPI) may provide a method of assessing function in these patients. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the right ventricular function and its changes in patients with ASD after transcatheter closure of ASD. Methods MPI, defined as the sum of isovolumic relaxation time and isovolumic contraction time derived by ejection time, was measured from tricuspid inflow and right ventricular outflow;Doppler velocity profiles recorded during routine echocardiography.Twenty nine patients (13 men, 16 women;mean age 25.28±12.69, range 6 to 57 years) were diagnosed to secundum ASD [the stretched diameters of ASD were from 9 To 36 (24.91±7.98) mm], and had a successfully placed Amplatzer septal occluder (ASO) (the sizes of ASO were from 11 to 40 mm );there were 81 sex-matched, age-matched healthy people (control group 41men, 40 women;mean age 29.02 ± 14.22, range 4 to 45 years ). MPI was measured again on 3 days and 1 month after closure of ASD. Change in the study group was assessed and compared to the control subjects with structurally normal hearts. A complete 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examination was performed in all study groups. Results 1) The isovolumic relaxation and isovolumic contraction times [respectively(77.59 ± 14.39)ms vs (60.93 ±12.94)ms, P<0.0001;(28.28 ±10.88)ms vs (23.64 ±9.01)ms, P=0.027] were prolonged, and ejection time [(260.65 ±21.86 )ms vs (271.85 ± 21.92)ms, P=0.033] was shortened in patients with ASD compared with that in control subjects, resulting in a marked increase in the MPI(0.40 ± 0.07 vs 0.31 ± 0.05, P<0.0001) from normal values;2) by Pearson's correlations, the MPI had no correlation with heart rate and blood pressure in control subjects and patients with ASD, but it correlated positively with age in patients with ASD;3) by Pearson's correlations, the MPI correlated positively with the diameter of ASD and pulmonary artery pressure;4) after transcatheter closure of ASD, the MPI decreased markedly. Conclusions 1) MPI is a conceptually new, simple, and reproducible Doppler index in patients with ASD;2) MPI is free from the effect of age, heart rate and blood pressure;(3) MPI appears to be relatively dependent on changes in the diameter of ASD and pulmonary artery pressure;4) the right ventricular function was improved after transcatheter closure of ASD.(J Geriatr Cardiol 2007;4:220-224.)

Implantation of Lumenless Pacing Leads at the Inter-atrial Septum and Right Ventricular Outflow Tract with Deflectable Catheter-sheath

Current permanent right ventricular and right atrial endocardial pacing leads are implanted utilizing a central lumen stylet. Right ventricular apex pacing initiates an abnormal asynchronous electrical activation pattern, which results in asynchronous ventricular contraction and relaxation. When pacing from right atrial appendage, the conduction time between two atria will be prolonged, which results in heterogeneity for both depolarization and repolarization. Six patients with Class Ⅰ indication for permanent pacing were implanted with either single chamber or dual chamber pacemaker. The SelectSecure 3830 4-French （Fr） lumenless lead and the SelectSite C304 8.5-Fr steerable catheter-sheath （Medtronic Inc., USA） were used. Pre-selected pacing sites included inter-atrial septum and right ventricular outflow tract, which were defined by ECG and fluoroscopic criteria. All the implanting procedures were successful without complication. Testing results （mean atrial pacing threshold： 0.87 V; mean P wave amplitude： 2.28 mV; mean ventricular pacing threshold： 0.53V; mean R wave amplitude： 8.75 mV） were satisfactory. It is concluded that implantation of a 4-Fr lumenless pacing lead by using a streerable catheter-sheath to achieve inter-atrial septum or right ventricular outflow tract pacing is safe and feasible.

Seeing beneath the surface:Harnessing point-of-care ultrasound for internal jugular vein evaluation

Point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)of the internal jugular vein(IJV)offers a noninvasive means of estimating right atrial pressure(RAP),especially in cases where the inferior vena cava is inaccessible or unreliable due to conditions such as liver disease or abdominal surgery.While many clinicians are familiar with visually assessing jugular venous pressure through the internal jugular vein,this method lacks sensitivity.The utilization of POCUS significantly enhances the visualization of the vein,leading to a more accurate identification.It has been demonstrated that combining IJV POCUS with physical examination enhances the specificity of RAP estimation.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the various sonographic techniques available for estimating RAP from the internal jugular vein,drawing upon existing data.

Point-of-care ultrasonography in cirrhosis-related acute kidney injury:How I do it

Discerning the etiology of acute kidney injury(AKI)in cirrhotic patients remains a formidable challenge due to diverse and overlapping causes.The conventional approach of empiric albumin administration for suspected volume depletion may inadvertently lead to fluid overload.In the recent past,point-of-care ultrasonography(POCUS)has emerged as a valuable adjunct to clinical assessment,offering advantages in terms of diagnostic accuracy,rapidity,cost-effectiveness,and patient satisfaction.This review provides insights into the strategic use of POCUS in evaluating cirrhotic patients with AKI.The review distinguishes basic and advanced POCUS,emphasizing a 5-point basic POCUS protocol for efficient assessment.This protocol includes evaluations of the kidneys and urinary bladder for obstructive nephropathy,lung ultrasound for detecting extravascular lung water,inferior vena cava(IVC)ultrasound for estimating right atrial pressure,internal jugular vein ultrasound as an alternative to IVC assessment,and focused cardiac ultrasound for assessing left ventricular(LV)systolic function and identifying potential causes of a plethoric IVC.Advanced POCUS delves into additional Doppler parameters,including stroke volume and cardiac output,LV filling pressures and venous congestion assessment to diagnose or prevent iatrogenic fluid overload.POCUS,when employed judiciously,enhances the diagnostic precision in evaluating AKI in cirrhotic patients,guiding appropriate therapeutic interventions,and minimizing the risk of fluid-related complications.

埃布斯坦畸形患者右心功能参数:超声心动图与MRI评估结果的相关性

目的分析超声心动图与心脏MRI所获埃布斯坦畸形(EA)患者右心功能参数的相关性。方法回顾性分析经手术证实的32例EA患者的经胸超声心动图及心脏MRI资料,观察超声心动图所获心腔大小、右心功能及应变参数与MRI所测功能右心室(fRV)射血分数(EF)的相关性。结果MRI所测32例EA的fRV-EF为(23.20±7.61)%。超声心动图所获32例EA右心功能参数中,fRV面积变化分数(fRV-FAC)(r=0.347,P=0.015)与MRI fRV-EF呈低度、fRV整体纵向应变(GLS)(r=0.801,P<0.001)与MRI fRV-EF呈高度正相关,房化右心室(aRV)面积/fRV面积与MRI fRV-EF呈高度负相关(r=-0.730,P=0.007),aRV面积/左心室面积(r=-0.450,P=0.042)及右心室前后径(r=-0.650,P=0.022)与MRI fRV-EF均呈中度负相关,左心室偏心指数(r=-0.347,P=0.049)、扩展格拉斯哥预后评分(r=-0.336,P=0.024)均与MRI fRV-EF呈低度负相关。结论超声心动图与MRI所获EA患者右心功能参数存在相关性;其中,fRV GLS及aRV面积/fRV面积均与MRI fRV-EF呈高度正相关,对于评估EA患者右心功能具有重要价值。

对比增强经颅多普勒评估房间隔膨出瘤患者右向左分流

目的探讨对比增强经颅多普勒对房间隔膨出瘤患者心脏水平右向左分流的评估及临床意义。资料与方法回顾性收集2020年6月—2021年7月焦作市人民医院40例房间隔膨出瘤患者和同期242例非膨出瘤患者,均行对比增强经颅多普勒(发泡试验)检查,比较在静息状态下和Valsalva动作后两组右向左分流的总体阳性率;并按监测到的微气泡数量将两组右向左分流进一步分为小量分流和大量分流,比较两组小量分流和大量分流的发生比例,以及Valsalva动作后两组分流量的变化。结果静息状态对比增强多普勒:膨出瘤组右向左分流阳性率高于非膨出瘤组[47.5%(19/40)比29.8%(72/242);χ^(2)=4.95,P=0.03];膨出瘤组小量分流14例(73.7%),大量分流5例(26.3%);非膨出瘤组小量分流61例(84.7%),大量分流11例(15.3%)。静息状态下,两组均以小量分流居多,两组小量和大量的比例差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=1.26,P=0.264)。Valsalva动作对比增强多普勒:Valsalva动作后两组总体阳性率较静息状态下均显著提高(膨出瘤组77.5%,χ^(2)=8.64,P=0.002;非膨出瘤组48.8%,χ^(2)=80.49,P<0.001);其中大量分流病例数显著增加,膨出瘤组大量分流发生率为64.5%(20/31),非膨出瘤组大量分流发生率为47.5%(56/118),膨出瘤组显著高于非膨出瘤组(χ^(2)=12.58,P<0.001)。结论房间隔膨出瘤患者常伴右向左分流,尤其是Valsalva动作后,对于此类患者,临床上应给予足够的重视,进行规范诊断和治疗。

左束支区域起搏对房室传导阻滞患者术后新发房性心律失常的影响

目的探讨左束支区域起搏(left bundle branch area pacing,LBBaP)对房室传导阻滞(AVB)患者术后新发心房颤动(new-onset atrial fibrillation,NOAF)和心房高频事件(atrial high rate episodes,AHREs)的影响。方法回顾性纳入84例行起搏治疗的三度房室传导阻滞(ⅢAVB)患者,根据心室电极位置分为LBBaP组(n=42)和右室间隔部起搏(RVSP)组(n=42)。比较两组患者术前术后QRS波时限(QRSd)、心室起搏参数,并发症、脑卒中事件和NOAF、AHREs发生率。结果(1)LBBaP组术后NOAF、AHREs发生率均低于RVSP组(P<0.05)。(2)LBBaP组的p-QRSd短于RVSP组(P<0.05)。(3)两组患者心室起搏参数、并发症及脑卒中事件发生率之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相对于右室起搏,LBBaP术后AHREs、NOAF的发生率较低,可改善患者预后。

基于时机理论框架的护理干预对房颤冷冻消融术患者康复效果的分析

目的探讨基于时机理论为框架的护理干预对房颤冷冻消融术患者治疗依从性、生活方式、复发率等康复效果的影响。方法采用随机数字法,将2020年10月至2021年7月本院心内科住院房颤冷冻消融术后入选的患者101例随机分成观察组50例和对照组51例。对照组给予心内科常规护理和随访干预,观察组在对照组的基础上实施以时机理论为框架的护理干预,分别于出院1个月、3个月、6个月,比较两组患者的治疗依从性、生活方式、健康行为评分、房颤复发率。结果(1)治疗依从性:服药依从性观察组均优于对照组,存在显著差异(P<0.01);门诊复查,出院1个月时差异无统计学意义,出院3个月和6个月时差异均存在统计学意义(P<0.01)。(2)体质量指数和睡眠时间:出院6个月时,两组患者体质量指数和睡眠时间比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)生活方式改变:出院1个月时,除不良饮食和体质量指数,其它指标观察组均优于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);出院3个月时,除了饮酒和体质量指数,观察组指标均优于对照组(P<0.05);出院6个月时,除了饮酒,其它指标均优于对照组(P<0.05)。(4)健康行为:观察组患者的健康相关行为总分显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。(5)房颤复发率:观察组的复发率低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论以时机理论为框架的护理干预模式能够有效提高患者的治疗依从性,改善不良生活方式,降低房颤复发率。

血清糖类抗原125对动脉性肺动脉高压严重程度及预后的相关性研究

目的 探讨血清糖类抗原125(CA125)在动脉性肺动脉高压(PAH)患者中的表达水平,分析其与PAH严重程度及预后的关系。方法 前瞻性研究纳入2022年1月至2023年6月于武汉亚洲心脏病医院就诊的87例PAH患者,40例非PAH心脏病患者(疾病对照组)和90例于我院体检的健康人(健康对照组)。收集所有患者入院当天的血清样本,记录患者的临床资料。采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线下面积(AUC)评估CA125、NT-proBNP对PAH患者发生临床恶化事件的预测效能,通过Cox风险比例回归及Kaplan-Meier生存分析评估CA125在PAH患者预后中的临床价值。结果 PAH组患者的血清CA125水平高于疾病对照组和健康对照组(P<0.05),并随着NYHA心功能分级的增加而进一步表达(P<0.001)。血清CA125与PAH患者的NT-proBNP、NYHA心功能分级、mRAP呈正相关,与6MWD呈负相关(P<0.05)。通过ROC曲线分析,NT-proBNP联合CA125预测PAH患者预后的效能优于单独使用NT-proBNP,但两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。中位随访384(244,414)天,经多变量Cox分析后显示CA125>19.4U/mL(HR=4.317,95%CI 1.875~9.940,P<0.001),LVEF(HR=0.895,95%CI 0.843~0.950,P<0.001),RVED(HR=1.531,95%CI 1.153~2.034,P=0.003)与临床恶化风险增加有关。结论 PAH患者的血清CA125水平升高,并与PAH患者的严重程度及不良预后相关,是加入多参数危险分层的有希望的生物标志物。

经皮封堵术治疗复杂型卵圆孔未闭的疗效分析

目的:分析长隧道型或合并房间隔膨出瘤(atrial septal aneurysm,ASA)的卵圆孔未闭(patent foramen oval,PFO)经皮封堵术后的临床疗效及相关影响因素。方法:选取2021年3月至2022年8月期间,于郑州市第七人民医院行PFO封堵术的24例长隧道型或合并ASA的PFO患者。在术前、术后3个月、术后6个月对患者进行随访观察,记录患者偏头痛、头晕等临床症状的程度及持续时间,以头痛影响测定评分-6(headache impact test-6,HIT-6)和头晕视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)表示。结果:术后随访,此类PFO患者术后3个月临床症状缓解有效的18例(75.0%),术后6个月临床症状缓解有效的20例(83.3%),封堵术前术后HIT-6评分及头晕VAS评分均显著降低(P<0.01)。6例术前有脑血管事件发生的患者,术后6个月均无再发脑血管事件。结论:长隧道型或合并ASA的PFO患者,行PFO封堵术可以有效缓解相关临床症状,改善生命质量,同时手术安全性较高,具有一定临床指导意义。

二维斑点追踪技术评估类风湿关节炎患者右心功能及右心室-肺动脉耦联的应用

目的使用二维斑点追踪技术评估类风湿关节炎(RA)患者的右心应变及右心室-肺动脉(RV-PA)耦联。资料与方法前瞻性选取2020年6月—2022年6月宁夏医科大学总医院60例RA患者,根据肺动脉收缩压(PASP)分为3组(A组PASP<33 mmHg,B组PASP 33~39 mmHg,C组PASP≥40 mmHg),每组20例;同期选取20例健康者作为对照组。受检者均行经胸超声心动图、二维斑点追踪成像评估右心房、右心室收缩功能,使用右心室游离壁整体应变/肺动脉收缩压(RV FWS/PASP)无创评估RV-PA耦联,并分析右心功能参数、RV-PA耦联参数与肺弥散功能的相关性。结果4组间右心室基底段内径、右心房上下径、三尖瓣瓣环位移、下腔静脉宽度、PASP、右心室收缩期整体应变、RV FWS、右心房充盈期峰值应变、右心房通道期导管峰值应变(S-CD)、RV FWS/PASP差异有统计学意义(F/H=2.369~74.880,P均<0.05),且A组与B组右心房充盈期峰值应变[(36.0±7.9)%比(30.9±7.8)%]、右心房S-CD[(19.9±6.9)%比(15.3±4.7)%]及RV FWS/PASP(0.96±0.19比0.56±0.13)差异均有统计学意义(t=2.040、2.262、7.704,P均<0.05)。RA各组肺一氧化碳弥散量占预计值的百分比与右心室收缩期整体应变、RV FWS、右心房S-CD、RV FWS/PASP呈正相关(r=0.392、0.472、0.431、0.572,P均<0.05)。结论随着肺动脉压力升高,RA患者右心功能减低、RV-PA解耦合,且与肺弥散功能障碍相关。PASP 33~39 mmHg的RA患者已发生右心功能障碍及RV-PA解耦联。

三维容积定量分析联合二维斑点追踪技术评估心房颤动中功能性三尖瓣反流患者右室功能的研究

目的:应用三维容积定量分析联合二维斑点追踪技术(two-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging,2D-STI)评价心房颤动(atrial fibrillation,AF)患者中功能性三尖瓣反流(functional tricuspid regurgitation,FTR)患者的右室功能。方法:选取80例AF患者,根据三尖瓣反流程度分为非显著FTR组(A组)40例、显著FTR组(B组)40例,另选取正常对照组(C组)35例。比较三组临床数据和经胸超声心动图参数以及右室功能参数,探寻AF不同程度的FTR右心功能的差异,为临床预测右室功能提供相应的依据。结果:三组右心房内径(right atrial diameter,RAD)和右心室内径(right ventricular diameter,RVD)相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组右心室射血分数(right ventricular ejection fraction,RVEF)、右心室整体纵向应变(right ventricular global longitudinal strain,RVGLS)绝对值相比,B组最小,A组其次,C组最高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);三组右室面积变化分数(fraction of right ventricular area change,RVFAC)、右室心肌工作指数(Tei指数)、三尖瓣环平面收缩位移(tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion,TAPSE)相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05));三尖瓣环收缩期峰值流速(tricuspid annular peak systolic velocity,TAPSV)(S’)三组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);经Pearson相关性分析,Tei指数、RVD及房颤时间与反流面积呈正相关,TAPSE、FAC、RVGLS绝对值及RVEF与反流面积呈负相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:非显著FTR组右心功能已经受损,且随着FTR程度增加,右心室受损进一步加重,右室三维容积定量分析联合2D-STI技术能够评估AF患者中FTR的右心室整体收缩功能,从而为临床诊疗及预后评价提供一定的价值。

心房颤动介入术后医源性房间隔缺损右向左分流发生情况及其临床影响的研究

目的探讨心房颤动(房颤)患者介入治疗中行房间隔穿刺术后造成医源性房间隔缺损(iASD)的右向左分流(RLS)发生情况及影响因素,并分析其与新发偏头痛之间的相关性,为相关临床事件的预防和治疗提供依据。方法选取2022年11月至2023年3月阜阳市人民医院心血管内科收治的行房颤介入手术[包括导管射频消融术(RFCA)、经皮左心耳封堵术(LAAC)、“一站式”(RFCA+LAAC)手术]的患者54例,根据术后48 h内iASD是否存在RLS分为RLS组24例与非RLS组30例,收集2组一般临床资料及超声指标,分析RLS的发生情况和影响因素,以及术后3个月内新发偏头痛情况。结果所有患者术后iASD均出现左向右分流,24例(44.44%)患者出现RLS,iASD为(5.12±0.80)mm。随访3个月,2组新发偏头痛比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。RLS组年龄、持续性房颤比例、iASD尺寸大于非RLS组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,iASD尺寸是发生RLS的危险因素(OR=2.245,95%CI:1.040~4.846,P=0.040)。结论房颤介入治疗术后iASD出现RLS较为常见,与患者早期出现新发偏头痛无相关性,iASD尺寸是发生RLS的危险因素。同时,iASD在血流动力学及临床事件方面的影响应予以关注。