“I Dread the Heart Surgery but it Keeps My Child Alive”—Experiences of Parents of Children with Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Anomalies during the Assessment for Cardiac Reoperation

Background:Parents of children with complex right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT)anomalies are confronted with their child’s need for heart surgery early in life and repeated reoperations later on.Preoperative assessment needs to be performed whenever an indication for reoperation is suspected.The aim was to illuminate the experiences of parents of children diagnosed with RVOT anomalies,in particular,how they experience their child’s heart disease and everyday life during the assessment and after the decision on whether to perform a reoperation.Method:Individual interviews(n=27)were conducted with nine parents on three occasions between 2014 and 2016 and analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis.Results:The analysis resulted in the following five main coexisting themes:The heart surgery keeps my child alive illuminates parents’experiences during and after the assessment and emphasizes that heart surgery,although dreaded,is central for their child’s survival;Everyday struggles illuminates the different struggles parents had to face to ensure that their child would be in the best possible condition;the remaining three themes,Unconditional love,Trust in life,and Togetherness,illuminate the ways in which the parents gained inner strength and confidence in their everyday lives.Conclusion:Although the parents were grateful for the assessment and had learned to navigate among the fears it aroused,they experienced several distressing situations during the assessment process that should be addressed.By inviting both the parents and their child to participate in the child’s care,individualized support can take into account the needs of both parents and child.

Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Septal Pacing versus Apical Pacing: A Prospective, Randomized, Single-blind 5-Years Follow-up Study of Ventricular Lead Performance and Safety

Summary： Lead placement for ventricular pacing variably impacts the physiological benefit of the pa- tient. This study evaluated the ventricular lead performance and safety of right ventricular outflow tract septal pacing in patients with bradyarrhythmia in South China over 60-month follow-up. Totally, 192 patients （108 males, and 84 females, 63-4-21 years old） with bradyarrhythmia were randomly divided into two groups. The right ventricular outflow tract septum （RVOTs） group had lead placement near the sep- tum （n=97）, while the right ventricular apex （RVA） group had a traditional apical placement （n=95）. RV septal lead positioning was achieved with a specialized stylet and confirmed using fluoroscopic projec- tion. All patients were followed up for 60 months. Follow-up assessment included stimulation threshold, R-wave sensing, lead impedance and lead complications. The time of electrode implantation in both the ROVTs and RVA groups were significantly different （4.29±0.61 vs. 2.16±0.22 min; P=0.009）. No dif- ferences were identified in threshold, impedance or R-wave sensing between the two groups at 1 st, 12th, 36th and 60th month during the follow-up period. No occurrence of electrode displacement, increased pacing threshold or inadequate sensing was found. The long-term active fixation ventricular electrode performance in RVOTs group was similar to that in RVA group. RVOTs pacing near the septum using active fixation electrodes may provide stability during long-term follow-up period.

Implantation of Lumenless Pacing Leads at the Inter-atrial Septum and Right Ventricular Outflow Tract with Deflectable Catheter-sheath

Current permanent right ventricular and right atrial endocardial pacing leads are implanted utilizing a central lumen stylet. Right ventricular apex pacing initiates an abnormal asynchronous electrical activation pattern, which results in asynchronous ventricular contraction and relaxation. When pacing from right atrial appendage, the conduction time between two atria will be prolonged, which results in heterogeneity for both depolarization and repolarization. Six patients with Class Ⅰ indication for permanent pacing were implanted with either single chamber or dual chamber pacemaker. The SelectSecure 3830 4-French （Fr） lumenless lead and the SelectSite C304 8.5-Fr steerable catheter-sheath （Medtronic Inc., USA） were used. Pre-selected pacing sites included inter-atrial septum and right ventricular outflow tract, which were defined by ECG and fluoroscopic criteria. All the implanting procedures were successful without complication. Testing results （mean atrial pacing threshold： 0.87 V; mean P wave amplitude： 2.28 mV; mean ventricular pacing threshold： 0.53V; mean R wave amplitude： 8.75 mV） were satisfactory. It is concluded that implantation of a 4-Fr lumenless pacing lead by using a streerable catheter-sheath to achieve inter-atrial septum or right ventricular outflow tract pacing is safe and feasible.

Coronary Artery Complications after Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstruction Surgery

Background:Mechanisms and clinical manifestations of coronary artery complications after right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction surgery are not well known.Methods:Patients who had coronary artery complications after pulmonary valve replacement or the Rastelli procedure at a single tertiary centre were retrospectively analysed.Results:Coronary artery complications were identified in 20 patients who underwent right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction surgery.The median age at diagnosis of coronary artery complication was 21 years(interquartile range:13–25 years).Mechanisms of coronary artery complications were compression by adjacent materials in 12 patients,dynamic compression of intramural course of coronary artery in two patients,and intraoperative injury in six patients.Congenital coronary artery anomalies were identified in 50%(10/20)of patients.Four patients presented with early postoperative haemodynamic instability.Fourteen patients showed late onset symptoms or signs of coronary insufficiency,including chest pain,ventricular dysfunction,or ventricular arrhythmias.Coronary artery stenosis was incidentally found on cardiac computed tomography angiography in two asymptomatic patients.Four patients underwent surgical interventions,and one patient underwent percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary stenosis.One patient with recurrent ventricular tachycardia required an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.There were two deaths in patients with intraoperative coronary injury.Conclusion:Preoperative coronary evaluation and long-term follow-up for the development of coronary artery complications are required in patients undergoing right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction surgery to prevent ventricular dysfunction,arrhythmias,and death,especially among those with congenital coronary anomalies.

Long-term follow-up of right ventricular outflow tract septal pacing

客观恰好室的流出道中隔广泛地变得使用我们一个电极放置地点。然而，有关为与这种技术重新定位的铅的铅表演和复杂并发症的数据是欠缺的。这研究的目的是观察长期的铅表演和恰好室的流出道的复杂并发症氏族的踱步并且为选择一个最佳的电极培植地点提供证据。方法有氏族的活跃电极培植的 36 个病人并且 39 在这研究与顶端的被动电极培植被注册。为在培植和后续的二个组的踱步的阀值，察觉到的 R 波浪，铅阻抗，踱步的 QRS 宽度和步相关的复杂并发症被比较。在那里的结果更高与顶端的组相比在氏族的组在培植正在在阀值和更短的踱步 QRS 宽度上踱步。在之间没有差别氏族并且在在后续期间在阀值， R 波浪敏感，铅阻抗和步相关的复杂并发症上踱步的顶端的组。因为它与传统的顶端的地点相比有长期的稳定的铅表演和没有严肃的复杂并发症，结论恰好室的流出道中隔能为培植地点被用作第一种选择。

Right Ventricular Myxoma Causing Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction: A Case Report

A 63-year-old patient presented with dyspnea and chest distress. A computerized tomography and echocardiogram showed a cardiac mass in the right ventricle, which caused obstruction of the right ventricular outflow tract. Coronary angiography revealed a dense meshwork of the abnomorly capillary vessels originating from right coronary artery. The mass was completely excised under cardiopulmonary bypass. The mass attached right ventricle lateral wall and posterior triscupid leaflet. Histology was typical myomatous tissue.

Polytetrafluoroethylene Patch versus Autologous Pericardial Patch for Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Reconstruction in Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot

Objective: For patients of TOF with pulmonary annular hypoplasia, reconstruction of right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) often requires a trans annular patch (TAP). The present study aims to compare the outcomes of TOF repair using Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) patch versus autologous glutaraldehyde fixed pericardial patch for RVOT reconstruction. Materials and methods: 103 consecutive patients undergoing TOF repair in whom TAP was required were randomized into two groups: Group I (pericardial patch), Group II (PTFE patch). Postoperative outcomes in terms of postoperative heart rhythm, duration of mechanical ventilation, mediastinal and pleural drainage, length of stay in intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital mortality were assessed. A separate team of cardiologists independently evaluated pre- and post-operative gradients across the RVOT, degree of pulmonary insufficiency, right ventricular systolic function. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the incidence of postoperative arrhythmias, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of intensive care unit or hospital stay. The requirement of inotropes was no different in the PTFE patch group as compared with the pericardial patch group (16.84 ± 7.04 vs. 17.90 ± 6.71, median 19 vs. 20, p = 0.825). The re-exploration rate was higher in the PTFE group as compared with the pericardial patch group (6 vs. 1). Postoperative Echocar-diography revealed no differences in the RV systolic function between the two groups before discharge. Conclusion: In patients undergoing TOF repair, using a PTFE patch yields comparable results. However, the efficacy of PTFE will only be established once;mid-term and long-term results are available.

Evaluation of global and regional left ventricular systolic function in patients with frequent isolated premature ventricular complexes from the right ventricular outflow tract

Background Frequent premature ventricular complexes from the right ventricular outflow tract （RVOT-PVCs） are associated with left ventricular dysfunction.This study adopted two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging to evaluate global and regional left ventricular myocardial function in patients with frequent RVOT-PVCs.Methods This study included 30 patients with frequent RVOT-PVCs and 30 healthy subjects.Aortic systolic velocity-time integral （AoVTI） and myocardium strain in circumferential （CS）,radial （RS） and longitudinal （LS） directions were evaluated by conventional echocardiography and speckle tracking imaging.All values of patients with RVOT-PVCs were recorded during sinus （PVC-S） and PVC beats （PVC-V）.Results Significant differences were demonstrated in global CS,RS and LS between the control subjects and the PVC-V （CS：（17.46±2.48）% vs.（11.52±3.28）%,RS：（48.26±10.20）% vs.（20.92±9.78）%,LS：（19.89±2.62）% vs.（11.79±3.66）%,P 〈0.01）,and in segmental RS and LS of nearly all the left ventricular segments.Statistical differences in segmental CS between the PVC-V and the control subjects were only observed in anterior,anteroseptal and septal segments （only seen in anteroseptal and septal segments at apex）.Furthermore,V/S AoVTI （AoVTI during the PVC beat divided by AoVTI during the sinus beat,then multiplied by 100%） correlated with coupling interval （r=0.67,P 〈0.001） and global strain （CS：r=0.48,P=0.007; RS：r=0.65,P 〈0.001; LS：r=0.65,P 〈0.001）.Conclusions Frequent RVOT-PVCs can induce global and regional left ventricular systolic dysfunction.The reduction of hemodynamic parameters relates to the coupling interval and the global systolic function.

Handmade tri-leaflet ePTFE conduits versus homografts for right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction

Background This study aimed to investigate the performance of handmade tri-leaflet expanded polytetrafluoroethylene(ePTFE)conduits in the absence of a suitable homograft.Methods Patients who underwent right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction with tri-leaflet ePTFE conduits or homografts between December 2016 and August 2020 were included.The primary endpoint was the incidence of moderate or severe conduit stenosis(>36 mmHg)and/or moderate or severe insufficiency.The secondary endpoint was the incidence of severe conduit stenosis(>64 mmHg)and/or severe insufficiency.Results There were 102 patients in the ePTFE group and 52 patients in the homograft group.The median age was younger[34.5(interquartile range:20.8-62.8)vs.60.0(interquartile range:39.3-81.0)months,P=0.001]and the median weight was lower[13.5(10.0-19.0)vs.17.8(13.6-25.8)kg,P=0.003]in the ePTFE group.The conduit size was smaller(17.9±2.2 vs.20.5±3.0 mm,P<0.001)and the conduit Z score was lower(1.48±1.04 vs.1.83±1.05,P—0.048)in the ePTFE group.There was no significant difference in the primary endpoints(log rank,T3=0.33)and secondary endpoints(log rank,P=0.35).Multivariate analysis identified lower weight at surgery[P=0.01;hazard ratio:0.75;95%confidence interval(CI)0.59-0.94]and homograft conduit use(P=0.04;hazard ratio:8.43;95%CI 1.14—62.29)to be risk factors for moderate or severe conduit insufficiency.No risk factors were found for moderate or severe conduit stenosis or conduit dysfunction on multivariate analysis.Conclusion Handmade tri-leaflet ePTFE conduits showed acceptable early and midterm outcomes in the absence of a suitable homograft,but a longer follow-up is needed.

L-type calcium current in right ventricular outflow tract myocytes of rabbit heart

The mechanism of idiopathic ventricular tachycardia originating from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is not clear. Many clinical reports have suggested a mechanism of triggered activity. However, there are few studies investigating this because of the technical difficulties associated with examining this theory. The L-type calcium current (ICa-L), an important inward current of the action potential (AP), plays an important role in arrhythmogenesis. The aim of this study was to explore differences in the APs of right ventricular (RV) and RVOT cardiomyocytes, and differences in electrophysiological characteristics of the ICa-L in these myocytes. Rabbit RVOT and RV myocytes were isolated and their AP and ICa-L were investigated using the patch-clamp technique. RVOT cardiomyocytes had a wider range of AP duration (APD) than RV cardiomyocytes, with some markedly prolonged APDs and markedly shortened APDs. The markedly shortened APDs in RVOT myocytes were abolished by treatment with 4-AP, an inhibitor of the transient outward potassium current, but the markedly prolonged APDs remained, with some myocytes with a long AP plateau not repolarizing to resting potential. In addition, early afterdepolarization (EAD) and second plateau responses were seen in RVOT myocytes but not in RV myocytes. RVOT myocytes had a higher current density for ICa-L than RV myocytes (RVOT (13.16±0.87) pA pF-1, RV (8.59±1.97) pA pF-1; P<0.05). The ICa-L and the prolonged APD were reduced, and the EAD and second plateau response disappeared, after treatment with nifedipine (10 μmol L-1), which blocks the ICa-L. In conclusion, there was a wider range of APDs in RVOT myocytes than in RV myocytes, which is one of the basic factors involved in arrhythmogenesis. The higher current density for ICa-L is one of the factors causing prolongation of the APD in RVOT myocytes. The combination of EAD with prolonged APD may be one of the mechanisms of RVOT-VT generation.

Trigger elimination of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation by catheter ablation:trigger and substrate modification

Ventricular fibrillation （VF） is a malignant arrhythmia, usually initiated by a ventricular premature contraction （VPC） during the vulnerable period of cardiac repolarization. Ablation therapy for VF has been described and increasingly reported. Targets for VF triggers are VPCs preceded by Purkinje potentials or from the right ventricular outflow tract （RVOT） in structurally normal hearts, and VPC triggers preceded by Purkinje potentials in ischemic cardiomyopathy. During the session, mapping should be focused on the earliest activation and determining the earliest potential is the key to a successful ablation. However, suppression of VF can be achieved by not only the elimination of triggering VPCs, but also by substrate modification of possible reentry circuits in the Purkinje network, or between the PA and RVOT. The most important issue before the ablation session is the recording of the 12-lead ECG of the triggering event, which can prove invaluable in regionalizing the origin of the triggering VPC for more detailed mapping. In cases where the VPC is not spontaneous or inducible, ablation may be performed by pace mapping. Further studies are needed to evaluate the precise mechanisms of this arrhythmia.

不同部位DVT与APTE后肺动脉主干宽度、右心室流出道宽度、右心室径水平的相关性

目的探讨不同部位下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)与急性肺血栓栓塞症(APTE)后肺动脉主干宽度、右室流出道宽度、右心室径水平的相关性及影响因素。方法选择2013年10月至2020年8月初次确诊为APTE患者231例,分为小腿肌间静脉型血栓组(n=94)、胫腓腘静脉血栓组(n=31)、股腘静脉型血栓组(n=90)和下腔髂静脉型血栓组(n=16)。统计4组临床资料;心脏彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测定肺动脉主干宽度、右心室流出道宽度和右心室径水平;Pearson检验法分析DVT与APTE后肺动脉主干宽度、右心室流出道宽度、右心室径水平的相关性。多元逐步Logistic回归分析探讨APTE后DVT部位的影响因素。结果4组肺动脉主干宽度、右心室流出道宽度、右心室径水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。其中,小腿肌间静脉型血栓组与股腘静脉型血栓组、下腔髂静脉型血栓组比较,患者肺动脉主干宽度、右心室流出道宽度、右心室径水平明显升高(P<0.05);胫腓静脉型血栓组、股腘静脉型血栓组与下腔髂静脉型血栓组比较,患者肺动脉主干宽度、右心室流出道宽度、右心室径水平均升高(P<0.05)。不同部位DVT与APTE后肺动脉主干宽度、右心室流出道宽度和右心室径水平呈显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。多元逐步Logistic回归分析显示,肺动脉主干宽度、右心室流出道宽度、右心室径水平是DVT部位的影响因素(P<0.01)。结论不同部位DVT与APTE后肺动脉主干宽度、右心室流出道宽度、右心室径水平具有相关性,且是DVT患者APTE后的主要病理生理变化;肺动脉主干宽度、右心室流出道宽度、右心室径水平在诊断不同部位DVT患者病情方面具有一定的价值。

右心室流出道与低位间隔起搏患者心电学参数变化及预后对比研究

目的 比较右心室流出道与低位间隔起搏对心脏起搏器植入治疗患者心电学参数变化及预后的影响。方法 回顾性选取2019年1月至2021年10月在池州市人民医院采用心脏起搏器植入治疗患者145例,按照起搏器电极植入部位不同分为观察组(n=69,右心室流出道间隔部起搏)和对照组(n=76,右心室低位间隔起搏)。比较两组手术前后心电学参数(R波感知、起搏阈值、阻抗、QRS波时限、QTc间期)、心功能[N末端B型脑钠钛前体(NT-proBNP)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)]及预后情况。结果 术中、术后两组R波感知、起搏阈值、阻抗、QRS波时限、QTc间期比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前,两组血浆NT-proBNP、LVEF、LVEDD比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),术后,观察组血浆NT-proBNP、 LVEDD水平分别为(336.42±35.46) ng/L、(48.51±5.82) mm,均低于对照组[(363.78±38.76) ng/L、(49.78±5.92) mm],LVEF为(55.42±7.34)%,高于对照组[(52.62±7.12)%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。随访1年,观察组出现阵发性房颤1例,不良预后发生率为1.45%(1/69)。对照组出现阵发性房颤2例,因心力衰竭再次入院1例,不良预后发生率为3.95%(3/76),两组患者不良预后发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 右心室流出道间隔部起搏与低位间隔起搏对心脏起搏器植入治疗患者心电学参数差异不大,但前者对患者心功能影响更小,预后更好。

产前超声切面检查在胎儿心脏畸形筛查中的应用价值

目的分析在胎儿心脏畸形筛查中应用产前超声切面检查的临床价值。方法选择2017年1月至2022年5月在绵阳市第三人民医院进行孕前胎儿心脏畸形筛查的1300例孕产妇,年龄20~46岁,平均年龄34.52岁(标准差8.71岁);孕周18~42周,平均孕周32.61周(标准差9.82周);初产妇965例,经产妇335例;妊娠胎数1015例单胎,285例双胎;分娩结局,引产57例,顺产915例,剖宫产328例。均采用胎儿超声心动图进行筛查,统计四腔心切面、左右心室流出道切面、三血管切面单独筛查和联合筛查情况,并与新生儿心动图结果、引产后或新生儿死亡后解剖结果等妊娠终止后诊断结果进行对比分析,分析单独筛查和联合筛查的诊断价值。结果妊娠终止后检出159例胎儿心脏畸形,四腔心切面单独筛查检出131例胎儿心脏畸形,左右心室流出道切面单独筛查检出124例胎儿心脏畸形,三血管切面单独筛查检出103例胎儿心脏畸形,四腔心切面+左右心室流出道切面+三血管切面联合筛查检出156例胎儿心脏畸形。四腔心切面、左右心室流出道切面、三血管切面单独筛查和联合筛查的诊断符合率、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);联合筛查的漏诊率(1.89%)低于四腔心切面(17.61%)、左右心室流出道切面(22.01%)、三血管切面(35.22%)(均P<0.05);联合筛查的灵敏度(98.11%)高于四腔心切面(82.39%)、左右心室流出道切面(77.99%)、三血管切面(64.78%)(均P<0.05)。结论产前超声切面检查在胎儿心脏畸形筛查中的应用价值高,可提高临床诊断的检出率,且诊断符合率和灵敏度高,有效地减少漏诊情况。

经导管支架治疗外科术后右心室流出道狭窄

目的 探讨经导管支架治疗外科术后右心室流出道狭窄(RVOTS)的临床应用价值。方法 选取我院外科术后接受经导管右心室流出道支架植入术的新生儿或婴幼儿5例资料分析。结果 在右心室流出道支架植入术后的(19.50±0.50)月,4例患儿(1例尚在随访)右心室流出道直径从(3.02±0.45) mm增加至(6.30±0.76) mm(P<0.05);右心室流出道流速从(5.38±0.28) m/s(支架术前)降低到(3.10±0.73) m/s(P<0.05)。左肺动脉直径从(3.33±0.31) mm(z值:-2.51±0.17)增加到(9.55±0.21) mm(z值:1.45±0.95)(P<0.05);右肺动脉直径从(3.43±0.43) mm(z值:-2.77±0.13)增加到(9.10±0.36) mm(z值:1.11±0.17)(P<0.05)。结论 经导管右心室流出道支架植入术治疗外科术后RVOTS,可避免急诊再次外科手术,有效解除RVOTS,促进肺动脉发育,缓解紫绀,为后续手术提供时间和机会,值得临床推广应用。

右心室流出道肺动脉瓣上和瓣下起源室性心律失常的体表心电图分析

目的对右心室流出道(RVOT)肺动脉瓣上和瓣下起源的室性心律失常(VAs)患者体表心电图特征进行对比分析,以实现VAs的较精确定位。方法纳入2018年10月到2022年10月在解放军总医院第一医学中心行射频消融术治疗的139例RVOT起源VAs患者进行研究,根据起源点与肺动脉瓣的位置关系分为瓣上起源组和瓣下起源组,进行心电图参数分析。结果139例RVOT起源VAs患者中,71例(51.1%)VAs起源于肺动脉瓣上,其中左窦43例(30.9%),右窦11例(7.9%),前窦7例(5.0%),左右窦交界10例(7.2%);68例(48.9%)VAs起源于肺动脉瓣下,其中游离壁侧14例(10.1%),室间隔侧54例(38.8%)。肺动脉瓣上起源组VAs心电图Ⅱ导联和aVF导联R波振幅显著高于肺动脉瓣下起源组VAs;在亚组分析中,肺动脉瓣上不同位置起源VAs体表心电图存在显著差异,肺动脉瓣下游离壁起源VAs心电图QRS波时程显著大于室间隔侧起源VAs,下壁导联QRS波切迹发生率显著大于室间隔侧起源VAs。结论起源于肺动脉瓣上和瓣下的VAs具有不同的体表心电图表现,可根据体表心电图表现初步判断VAs的起源点位置。

改良Blalock-Taussig分流术与右心室流出道支架植入术姑息性治疗法洛四联症的比较

目的:对于不适合一期根治或手术风险高的法洛四联症(tetralogy of Fallot,TOF)患者,经导管右心室流出道(right ventricular outflow tract,RVOT)支架植入术是一种安全有效的姑息干预方式。本研究旨在探讨RVOT支架植入术和改良Blalock-Taussig分流术(modified Blalock-Taussig shunt,mBTS)在TOF新生儿和婴儿期患者中的治疗效果,并比较2种姑息干预方式对患儿动脉血氧饱和度及肺动脉发育的影响。方法:回顾性收集中南大学湘雅二医院于2011年3月至2021年3月收治的32例TOF患者的临床资料。根据接受的手术方式,将患者分为行RVOT支架植入术的支架植入组(n=15)和行mBTS术的mBTS组(n=17),评估和比较2组患者的动脉血氧饱和度、术后并发症发生率、病死率、再干预率等,根据超声心动图结果,使用z-评分评估患者的肺动脉干、右肺动脉及左肺动脉的发育情况。结果:与mBTS组相比,支架植入组患儿的年龄较小,体重较低(均P<0.05)。与术前相比,支架植入组术后患儿的动脉血氧饱和度明显升高[(75±17)%vs(96±3)%,P=0.026],肺动脉干[(−2.82±1.27)分vs(0.86±0.77)分,P=0.014]、右肺动脉[(−1.88±0.59)分vs(−0.28±0.71)分,P=0.011]及左肺动脉[(−2.34±0.36)分vs(−1.67±0.36)分,P=0.036]的z-评分明显增加。而mBTS组患儿术前与术后的动脉血氧饱和度以及肺动脉z-评分的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。结论:RVOT支架植入术对低出生体重、伴有严重合并症的TOF患儿具有良好的手术效果;与mBTS相比,RVOT支架植入术术后患儿的动脉血氧饱和度更高且肺动脉发育更好。

希氏束区及毗邻部位室性心律失常的心电图定位方法

目的 经导管射频消融是特发性室性心律失常(VA)的常用治疗手段。在消融前通过VA的心电图(ECG)形态多能有效判定VA的起源位置,指导消融。但对于希氏束区(HIS)、右心室流出道后部(pRVOT)和三尖瓣前侧壁(TA-AL)等毗邻位置的ECG形态定位仍有很大难度。本研究旨在提出一种ECG诊断方法鉴别它们的起源点位置。方法 本研究连续入组了75例HIS(n=18)、pRVOT(n=42)和TA-AL(n=15)成功消融的VA患者。应用ECG参数中具有最高诊断性能的测量值来开发诊断方法。结果 在得到的这些ECG参数中,具有区分这些不同起源部位最佳诊断效能的参数是Ⅰ导联R波振幅和QRS波时程。最佳的ECG鉴别方法是Ⅰ导联R波振幅和QRS波时程的组合应用。HIS:Ⅰ导联R波振幅> 0.49 mV,QRS时程≤125.5 ms(敏感性72.2%、特异性100%);pRVOT:Ⅰ导联R波振幅≤0.49 mV,QRS波时程> 125.5 ms(敏感性88.1%,特异性81.8%);TA-AL:Ⅰ导联R波振幅> 0.49 mV,QRS波时程> 125.5 ms(敏感性66.7%,特异性95.0%)。这些诊断标准应用于判定VA起源部位的总体准确率为88.9%。结论 起源于HIS附近的VA其Ⅰ导联多为正向R波,且QRS波时程较短。Ⅰ导联R波振幅和QRS波时程的联合应用可用于定位VA起源于HIS、pRVOT或TA-AL。

四腔心切面+左右心室流出道切面+三血管切面在胎儿心脏畸形筛查中的应用价值

目的 探讨四腔心切面+左右心室流出道切面+三血管切面在胎儿心脏畸形筛查中的应用价值。方法 选取2017年1月至2022年1月在我院进行产前超声检查的2200例孕产妇。应用四腔心切面+左右心室流出道切面+三血管切面对超声图进行分析。经超声诊断为先天性心脏病(CHD)或其他疾病类型均要进行产前诊断及尸检进行佐证。结果 经胎儿尸检或产后确诊,2200产妇中,共有42例确诊为CHD。心脏超声四腔心切面+左右心室流出道切面+三血管切面对胎儿CHD诊断的特异度100%(42/42),灵敏度95.00%(2050/2158)。经超声诊断为永存左上腔患儿为7例、右位主动脉弓患儿为8例、主动脉弓离断患儿为5例、左心发育不良患儿为4例、法乐四联症患儿为4例、永存主动脉干患儿为3例、主动脉缩窄患儿为2例、单心室患儿为3例、大动脉转位患儿为1例、三尖瓣闭锁或发育不良患儿为2例、心内膜垫缺损患儿为1例、心脏反位患儿为1例、室间隔大缺损患儿为1例、房间隔大缺损患儿为1例、心脏普大患儿为2例;四腔心切面、四腔心切面+左右流出道切面、四腔心切面+左、右流出道切面+三血管切面对CHD的检出率低到高为:66.67%、73.81%、100.00%(P<0.05)。结论 心脏超声四腔心切面+左右心室流出道切面+三血管切面对胎儿心脏畸形的检出结果较为准确,对CHD预防效果显著,畸形检出率高,可推广。

维拉帕米和参松养心胶囊治疗频发右室流出道室性期前收缩的效果比较

目的:对比维拉帕米和参松养心胶囊治疗频发右室流出道室性期前收缩的效果。方法:选取2020年2月至2023年2月于山东省平邑县中医医院就诊接受门诊治疗的频发右室流出道室性期前收缩患者48例,依据其用药种类的不同,将其分为维拉帕米组(n=30)和参松养心胶囊组(n=18)。维拉帕米组患者采用维拉帕米进行治疗,参松养心胶囊组患者采用参松养心胶囊进行治疗,对比两组的临床疗效、不良反应发生情况。结果:维拉帕米组的总有效率(96.67%)高于参松养心胶囊组的(66.67%),差异有统计学意义(P=0.0046)。维拉帕米组有出现头痛及腹部不适的患者各1例,总共有2例患者发生不良反应;参松养心胶囊组出现肠胀气1例。两组的不良反应发生率相比,差异无统计学意义(P=0.878)。两组患者服药期间的AST、ALT水平均在正常范围内,且引起的不良反应均较轻,无需停药。结论:将维拉帕米和参松养心胶囊两种药物用于治疗右室流出道室性期前收缩均具有良好的临床效果,但相比于参松养心胶囊,进行维拉帕米治疗后患者的总有效率较高。对于有维拉帕米禁忌证的患者,可选用参松养心胶囊治疗,其疗效尚可,安全性较高。