THE BOUNDARY SCHWARZ LEMMA AND THE RIGIDITY THEOREM ON REINHARDT DOMAINS B_(p)^(n) OF C^(n)

By introducing the Carathéodory metric,we establish the Schwarz lemma at the boundary for holomorphic self-mappings on the unit p-ball B_(p)^(n) of C^(n).Furthermore,the boundary rigidity theorem for holomorphic self-mappings defined on B_(n)^(p) is obtained.These results cover the boundary Schwarz lemma and rigidity result for holomorphic self-mappings on the unit ball for p=2,and the unit polydisk for p=∞,respectively.

Interaction Mechanisms between Natural Debris Flow and Rigid Barrier Deflectors:A New Perspective for Rational Design and Optimal Arrangement

Rigid barrier deflectors can effectively prevent overspilling landslides,and can satisfy disaster prevention requirements.However,the mechanisms of interaction between natural granular flow and rigid barrier deflectors require further investigation.To date,few studies have investigated the impact of deflectors on controlling viscous debris flows for geological disaster prevention.To investigate the effect of rigid barrier deflectors on impact mechanisms,a numerical model using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method with the Herschel–Bulkley model is proposed to simulate the interaction between natural viscous flow and single/dual barriers with and without deflectors.This model was validated using laboratory flume test data from the literature.Then,the model was used to investigate the influence of the deflector angle and multi-barrier arrangements.The optimal configuration of multi-barriers was analyzed with consideration to the barrier height and distance between the barriers,because these metrics have a significant impact on the viscous flow pile-up,run-up,and overflow mechanisms.The investigation considered the energy dissipation process,retention efficiency,and dead-zone formation.Compared with bare barriers with similar geometric characteristics and spatial distribution,rigid barriers with deflectors exhibit superior effectiveness in preventing the overflow and overspilling of viscous debris flow.Recommendations for the rational design of deflectors and the optimal arrangement of multi-barriers are provided to mitigate geological disasters.

Condition indices for rigid pavements: A comparative analysis of state DOTs using Michigan PMS data

Pavement infrastructure is vital in providing services and links between various sectors of society. Therefore, thepreservation and maintenance of these roads are critical to attaining a pavement network in good conditionthroughout its service life. Various performance indicators like the international roughness index (IRI), pavementcondition index (PCI), and present serviceability rating (PSR) have been used by the state department of transportation (DOT) and highway agencies for evaluating pavement surface conditions and planning future maintenance strategies. Limited data availability, multiple distresses depending on region, lack of correlation of thesecondition indices to maintenance strategies, and data collection limitations pose a challenge for applying theseindices to local conditions. This paper compares condition indices of different states for rigid pavements. Further,using a specific condition index for local conditions is also highlighted. For this purpose, five states and theircorresponding condition indices were evaluated and compared to the Michigan DOT distress index (DI). Thesestates include Virginia, Minnesota, North Dakota, Louisiana, and Oregon. The corresponding distresses of eachcondition index were converted to make them compatible with the MDOT DI. This study used the MDOT'spavement management system (PMS) database to evaluate each condition index for 433 rigid pavement sections.Each distress index was plotted against MDOT DI and compared using a paired t-test. Results show that thecondition indices of Virginia and Minnesota are comparable to DI in terms of the Spearman correlation value. Thet-test results show that except for Virgina, condition indices from other states statistically differ from DI.Therefore, one can't use those directly for local conditions in Michigan. This paper presents the evaluation anddata requirements for each condition index and its impact on selecting a maintenance treatment.

Field Load Test Based SHM System Safety Standard Determination for Rigid Frame Bridge

The deteriorated continuous rigid frame bridge is strengthened by external prestressing. Static loading tests wereconducted before and after the bridge rehabilitation to verify the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process. Thestiffness of the repaired bridge is improved, and the maximum deflection of the load test is reduced from 37.9 to27.6 mm. A bridge health monitoring system is installed after the bridge is reinforced. To achieve an easy assessmentof the bridge’s safety status by directly using transferred data, a real-time safety warning system is createdbased on a five-level safety standard. The threshold for each safety level will be determined by theoretical calculationsand the outcomes of static loading tests. The highest risk threshold will be set at the ultimate limit statevalue. The remaining levels, namely middle risk, low risk, and very low risk, will be determined usingreduction coefficients of 0.95, 0.9, and 0.8, respectively.

Rigidity Symmetry Line for Thermodynamic Fluid Equations-of-State

We report progress towards a modern scientific description of thermodynamic properties of fluids following the discovery (in 2012) of a coexisting critical density hiatus and a supercritical mesophase defined by percolation transitions. The state functions density ρ(p,T), and Gibbs energy G(p,T), of fluids, e.g. CO2, H2O and argon exhibit a symmetry characterised by the rigidity, ω = (dp/dρ)T, between gaseous and liquid states along any isotherm from critical (Tc) to Boyle (TB) temperatures, on either side of the supercritical mesophase. Here, using experimental data for fluid argon, we investigate the low-density cluster physics description of an ideal dilute gas that obeys Dalton’s partial pressure law. Cluster expansions in powers of density relate to a supercritical liquid-phase rigidity symmetry (RS) line (ω = ρrs(T) = RT) to gas phase virial coefficients. We show that it is continuous in all derivatives, linear within stable fluid phase, and relates analytically to the Boyle-work line (BW) (w = (p/ρ)T = RT), and to percolation lines of gas (PB) and liquid (PA) phases by: ρBW(T) = 2ρPA(T) = 3ρPB(T) = 3ρRS(T)/2 for T TB. These simple relationships arise, because the higher virial coefficients (bn, n ≥ 4) cancel due to clustering equilibria, or become negligible at all temperatures (0 T TB) within the gas phase. The Boyle-work line (p/ρBW)T is related exactly at lower densities as T → TB, and accurately for liquid densities, by ρBW(T) = −(b2/b3)T. The RS line, ω(T) = RT, defines a new liquid-density ground-state physical constant (ρRS(0) = (2/3)ρBW(0) for argon). Given the gas-liquid rigidity symmetry, the entire thermodynamic state functions below TB are obtainable from b2(T). A BW-line ground-state crystal density ρBW(0) can be defined by the pair potential minimum. The Ar2 pair potential, ∅ij(rij) determines b2(T) analytically for all T. This report, therefore, advances the salient objective of liquid-state theory: an argon p(ρ,T) Equation-of-state is obtained from ∅ij(rij) for all fluid states, without any adjustable parameters.

Combined load bearing capacity of rigid piles embedded in a crossanisotropic clay deposit using 3D finite element lower bound

In this study,an iterative-based three-dimensional finite element lower bound in association with the second-order cone programming method is adopted to evaluate the limit load of a single pile embedded in cross-anisotropic soils under general loading condition.The lower bound solutions of the pile embedded in an anisotropic soil deposit can be found by formulating the element equilibrium,equilibrium of shear and normal stresses along discontinuities,boundary conditions,yield function,and optimizing the objective function through the second-order cone programming method in conjunction with an iterative-based update procedure.A general loading condition is considered to profile the expansion of the safe load in the vertical-horizontal-moment(V-H-M)space.The results of this study are compared and validated against three different cases including an isotropic lateral loading,anisotropic end bearing capacity,and a pile embedded in an isotropic soil deposit under general loading condition.A parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of different influencing factors.It was found that the effect of anisotropy on the variation of lateral limit load of a single pile is more pronounced than the corresponding vertical and bending moment limit loads,whereas the interface properties have more significant effects on the vertical and bending moment limit loads in comparison to the lateral limit load.

Impairment of rigidity sensing caused by mutant TP53 gain of function in osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma(OS)is the most common primary malignant pediatric bone tumor and is characterized by high heterogeneity.Studies have revealed a wide range of phenotypic differences among OS cell lines in terms of their in vivo tumorigenicity and in vitro colony-forming abilities.However,the underlying molecular mechanism of these discrepancies remains unclear.The potential role of mechanotransduction in tumorigenicity is of particular interest.To this end,we tested the tumorigenicity and anoikis resistance of OS cell lines both in vitro and in vivo.We utilized a sphere culture model,a soft agar assay,and soft and rigid hydrogel surface culture models to investigate the function of rigidity sensing in the tumorigenicity of OS cells.Additionally,we quantified the expression of sensor proteins,including four kinases and seven cytoskeletal proteins,in OS cell lines.The upstream core transcription factors of rigidity-sensing proteins were further investigated.We detected anoikis resistance in transformed OS cells.The mechanosensing function of transformed OS cells was also impaired,with general downregulation of rigidity-sensing components.We identified toggling between normal and transformed growth based on the expression pattern of rigidity-sensing proteins in OS cells.We further uncovered a novel TP53 mutation(R156P)in transformed OS cells,which acquired gain of function to inhibit rigidity sensing,thus sustaining transformed growth.Our findings suggest a fundamental role of rigidity-sensing components in OS tumorigenicity as mechanotransduction elements through which cells can sense their physical microenvironment.In addition,the gain of function of mutant TP53 appears to serve as an executor for such malignant programs.

Anti-plane pull-out of a rigid line inclusion from an elastic medium

The transient and static anti-plane problem of a rigid line inclusion pulled out from an elastic medium is studied.The singular integral equation method is used to solve the stress field.Under the static load,the stress intensity factor(SIF)at the inclusion tips increases with the medium length.The problem becomes equivalent to an inclusion in a medium with an infinite length when the length of the medium is 3.5times longer than that of the inclusion.However,under the transient load,the maximum value of the SIF occurs when the medium length is about two times the inclusion length.Besides,the relation between the pull-out force and the anti-plane displacement is given.The conclusions are useful in guiding the design of fiber reinforced composite materials.

GLOBAL RIGIDITY THEOREMS FOR SUBMANIFOLDS WITH PARALLEL MEAN CURVATURE

In this paper,we mainly study the global rigidity theorem of Riemannian submanifolds in space forms.Let Mn(n≥3)be a complete minimal submanifold in the unit sphere Sn+p(1).Forλ∈[0,n2−1/p),there is an explicit positive constant C(n,p,λ),depending only on n,p,λ,such that,if∫MSn/2dM<∞,∫M(S−λ)n/2+dM<C(n,p,λ),then Mn is a totally geodetic sphere,where S denotes the square of the second fundamental form of the submanifold and∫+=max{0,f}.Similar conclusions can be obtained for a complete submanifold with parallel mean curvature in the Euclidean space Rn+p.

Experimental investigation and analytically modeling of hysteretic behavior of rigid bus-flexible connectors of 220 kV electrical substations

This paper describes the quasi-static testing and analytical modelling of the hysteretic behavior of aluminum alloy rigid bus-flexible connectors of 220 kV electrical substations.The main objective of the study is to experimentally investigate the hysteretic behavior of six different types of rigid bus-flexible connectors 220 kV electrical substations when subjected to cyclic loading.Another objective is to theoretically study the flexibility and effectiveness of a previously proposed analytical model in fitting the experimental hysteresis loops of the tested rigid bus-flexible connectors.The experimental investigation indicates that the tested rigid bus-flexible connectors exhibit highly asymmetric hysteresis behavior along with tension stiffening effect.The theoretical study demonstrates that the generalized Bouc-Wen model has high flexibility and is effective in fitting the experimental hysteresis resisting force-displacement curves of the six tested rigid bus-flexible connectors.

盐酸青藤碱诱导黏连性膝关节强直家兔成纤维细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的观察盐酸青藤碱对膝关节黏连强直的家兔成纤维细胞增殖和相关基因表达的影响,并进一步尝试探讨其对抗膝关节黏连强直的作用机制。方法以体外培养法培养成纤维细胞,并设对照组、盐酸青藤碱低中高浓度实验组。CCK-8法检测成纤维细胞增殖的情况;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)法检测经过盐酸青藤碱处理后,成纤维细胞相关基因mRNA表达的改变,用ELISA法检测药物的作用对血清中炎症因子等水平的影响,蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测相关蛋白质的表达。结果盐酸青藤碱能降低成纤维细胞存活率,且随浓度升高存活率逐渐降低。盐酸青藤碱中各个组的效果均十分明显(P<0.05)。在相关基因的mRNA表达层面,与对照组比较,盐酸青藤碱各组炎症因子均显著下调(P<0.05),凋亡蛋白的表达量显著上升、Bcl-2的mRNA表达量下降(P<0.05),而PI3K/mTOR/AKT3信号通路分子的mRNA表达量均下降(P<0.05)。在蛋白质表达层面,与对照组相比较,中、高剂量盐酸青藤碱组血清中炎症因子IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β、TGF-β的水平均明显下调(P<0.05),凋亡蛋白cleaved-PARP、cleaved caspase-3/7及Bax的表达量均上调,并且与给药剂量成正相关,而抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、PI3K/AKT3/mTOR信号通路的表达量则与给药剂量成负相关。盐酸青藤碱对家兔膝关节成纤维细胞的存活表现为显著的抑制作用,作用机制或与下调炎症因子IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β的表达,并促进凋亡蛋白cleaved-PARP、cleaved caspase-3/7及Bax的表达,抑制Bcl-2的表达,抑制其下游PI3K/AKT3/mTOR信号通路的基因表达有关。结论盐酸青藤碱可抑制黏连性膝关节强直家兔膝关节成纤维细胞的炎症反应和加速成纤维细胞的凋亡,或可通过该机制为改善和治疗黏连性膝关节强直提供新的方法。

Load Test Analysis and Research on Long-Span Concrete Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge

Based on the as-built load test of a large bridge,this paper introduces the procedure of the prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge load test.Numerical analysis of the bridge was carried out by simulating and establishing a finite element model,and comparative analysis was carried out with the measured values.The results show that the calculated values were basically consistent with the measured values,which showed that the establishment method of the model was reasonable,and the mechanical performance of the bridge met the service requirements of the designed live load.

考虑侧向刚柔边界约束的黄土填方路基沉降计算方法

提出一种新的考虑刚柔边界约束和侧向变形的黄土填方路基沉降计算方法。基于自主研发的三向加载设备和室内压缩试验,分析不同竖向加载方式和不同侧向约束对土体竖向及侧向变形的影响,提出考虑土体压实度和围压的边界影响系数,建立压实黄土侧向应变模型,给出考虑刚柔边界条件和侧向变形的黄土路基沉降计算方法。研究结果表明:边界影响系数与路基压实度和围压都呈正相关,且刚柔约束边界对黄土压缩性指标的影响程度最高能达到40%。提出的竖向和三向边界影响系数综合考虑了路基压实度、侧向围压以及边界条件的影响。利用工程实例验证了新模型计算方法的准确性和实用性,提高了传统分层总和法的精度。

3D打印导板技术联合多次去旋转治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸

背景:近年来,随着3D打印技术的发展,使得外科手术走向个性化、精准化。3D打印导板技术可实现术前规划、术中导航,使得外科手术更加精准。临床中重度僵硬性脊柱侧弯矫形术中仍面临置钉准确性不高导致螺钉松动甚至引起神经并发症的问题,现有关于3D打印导板技术指导重度僵硬性脊柱侧弯术中置钉的研究不多。目的:评价3D打印导向模板技术联合后路多次去旋转治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析3D打印导向模板椎弓根螺钉置入后联合施行后路多次转棒去旋转技术治疗重度脊柱侧凸6例患者的临床资料,男3例,女3例,手术时年龄15-23岁,平均(18.17±3.49)岁。分析术后2周和术后18个月时脊柱侧弯相关参数的变化,进行统计学分析。结果与结论:(1)手术时间280-540 min,平均(340.83±102.20)min,术中出血量1000-4000 mL,平均(2000.00±1073.70)mL,固定节段9-14个椎体,平均(11.83±1.72)个椎体,矫形过程中未出现螺钉松动;(2)所有患者均获得随访,术后2周全脊柱正侧位片显示冠状位主弯的cobb角、冠状面C_(7)铅垂线和S1正中线的距离、矢状面C_(7)铅垂线和S1后缘的距离、顶椎偏移、胸椎后凸角、腰椎前凸角均获得明显矫正,主弯的cobb角平均矫正率62.22%,术后18个月随访各参数较术后2周无明显变化,矫形效果满意,无感染和内固定断裂;(3)围术期切口延迟愈合1例,经过换药处理瘢痕愈合,未出现神经并发症;(4)结果表明3D打印导向模板结合后路多次转棒去旋转技术治疗重度僵硬性脊柱侧凸畸形安全有效,矫形效果满意。

Fatigue Safety Assessment of Concrete Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge Based on Rain Flow Counting Method and Health Monitoring Data

The fatigue of concrete structures will gradually appear after being subjected to alternating loads for a long time,and the accidents caused by fatigue failure of bridge structures also appear from time to time.Aiming at the problem of degradation of long-span continuous rigid frame bridges due to fatigue and environmental effects,this paper suggests a method to analyze the fatigue degradation mechanism of this type of bridge,which combines long-term in-site monitoring data collected by the health monitoring system(HMS)and fatigue theory.In the paper,the authors mainly carry out the research work in the following aspects:First of all,a long-span continuous rigid frame bridge installed with HMS is used as an example,and a large amount of health monitoring data have been acquired,which can provide efficient information for fatigue in terms of equivalent stress range and cumulative number of stress cycles;next,for calculating the cumulative fatigue damage of the bridge structure,fatigue stress spectrum got by rain flow counting method,S-N curves and damage criteria are used for fatigue damage analysis.Moreover,it was considered a linear accumulation damage through the Palmgren-Miner rule for the counting of stress cycles.The health monitoring data are adopted to obtain fatigue stress data and the rain flow counting method is used to count the amplitude varying fatigue stress.The proposed fatigue reliability approach in the paper can estimate the fatigue damage degree and its evolution law of bridge structures well,and also can help bridge engineers do the assessment of future service duration.

大直径盾构隧道新型纵缝接头抗弯性能试验研究

纵缝接头是盾构隧道受力性能的薄弱部位,管片接头的形式直接影响盾构隧道的力学性能。目前国内的盾构隧道纵缝接头使用的连接件多为螺栓,新型纵缝接头使用了一种新的连接件—滑入式连接件,此种接头在大直径盾构隧道中的受力性能有待研究。本文以新型纵缝接头为研究对象,针对两种不同型号的滑入式连接件,采用模型试验的方法探究了大直径盾构隧道新型纵缝接头的受力性能,通过理论分析计算了新型纵缝接头的极限承载力,并比较分析了传统螺栓纵缝接头和新型纵缝接头的受力性能。结果表明:新型接头衬砌管片的薄弱部位在连接件周围的混凝土区域;滑入式连接件的型号直接影响新型纵缝接头的受力性能,两种接头中连接件尺寸较大的接头转角刚度相较于连接件尺寸较小的接头转角刚度增加了7.2~169.5%,极限承载能力增加了69.9%;新型纵缝接头比螺栓接头有更高的转角刚度,受力性能更好,适用于大直径盾构隧道。

刚柔并济:社区治理共同体建构的一个解释性框架——基于C市X社区的考察

社区治理共同体建构本质上是一个重塑治理结构和嵌入治理价值的过程,既涉及结构、规则和技术等刚性治理要素,也涉及情感、文化和精神等柔性治理要素。既有研究遵循“主体—结构—行动”或“利益—情感—文化”的逻辑,分别探讨刚性治理要素或柔性治理要素对社区治理共同体建构的作用,对于实践中两种治理要素如何协同推动社区治理共同体建构还缺乏足够解释力。以C市X社区为例,系统呈现社区治理共同体建构的行动过程和策略特征,借此架构出一个解释性框架。该框架包括根本性的刚性治理要素和辅助性的柔性治理要素,其中刚性治理要素为社区治理共同体划定了行为边界,柔性治理要素为社区治理共同体提供了内在黏合。两者相辅相成,借助外刚内柔的行动路径赋予了社区治理共同体互动性和能动性,借助以柔化刚的行动路径赋予了社区治理共同体合法性和行动力。

刚柔复合式路面结构与材料及发展趋势

刚柔复合式路面作为一种耐久性路面结构,广泛应用于重载交通、特殊地质条件、桥隧铺装等工程。为进一步推动耐久性刚柔复合式路面的应用,明确研究中的关键问题及发展方向,该文综述了国内外刚柔复合式路面的相关研究进展。在梳理刚柔复合式路面结构设计理论及施工技术的基础上,首先阐述了刚柔复合式路面的结构力学行为特征,分析了沥青面层和刚性基层的荷载应力、温度应力及其交互影响,刚性基层上的沥青面层一方面直接承受荷载和环境作用,另一方面可以改善下卧结构层的应力场和温度场,是影响刚柔复合式路面服役性能及使用寿命的关键;明确了刚柔复合式路面的病害主要出现在沥青面层,由于沥青面层与刚性基层之间的模量差异巨大,刚性基层上的沥青面层更倾向于产生压剪破坏,刚性基层的开裂以及刚‒柔层间的结合状态对沥青路面的性能也有着显著影响;最后,分别从沥青面层抗剪、基层板整体性、刚‒柔层间结合3个方面归纳了刚柔复合式路面性能的提升技术。基于刚柔复合式路面的结构力学特性,开展结构‒高性能材料一体化设计是提升刚柔复合式路面使用性能和耐久性的有效途径。

多簧片结构的磁保持继电器多物理场刚柔耦合仿真模型建立和实验分析

多簧片结构的磁保持继电器衔铁转动引起的触点碰撞、弹跳现象使运动过程复杂,静、动态特性理论分析和仿真模型建立困难。以某型号多簧片结构的磁保持继电器为研究对象,理论分析结构拓扑及工作机理,考虑触点间切入深度,引入狄拉克函数和赫维赛德函数,解决簧片受力分散及触点由于碰撞、弹跳引起的作用力不连续问题;将簧片等效为悬臂梁,基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论建立触簧系统三簧片分段耦合动力学模型。利用Ansys Maxwell引入基于误差的自适应网格划分方法求解电磁机构静态特性;考虑触簧系统簧片运动变形效应,通过ADAMS基于模态理论,构建刚柔耦合动力学仿真模型。基于分段动力学思想,搭建电-磁-机械运动多物理场刚柔耦合仿真模型。利用高速摄像机、电流探头等设计磁保持继电器实验方案,搭建实验平台,测试并分析磁保持继电器触点吸合运动时间、触点压力、弹跳时间、线圈电流,并分析人工装配簧片引起触点压力不同使继电器动作过程存在的不一致性问题,验证该文所提多簧片结构的磁保持继电器特性分段耦合分析方法和多物理场刚柔耦合仿真模型的有效性。

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