THE BOUNDARY SCHWARZ LEMMA AND THE RIGIDITY THEOREM ON REINHARDT DOMAINS B_(p)^(n) OF C^(n)

By introducing the Carathéodory metric,we establish the Schwarz lemma at the boundary for holomorphic self-mappings on the unit p-ball B_(p)^(n) of C^(n).Furthermore,the boundary rigidity theorem for holomorphic self-mappings defined on B_(n)^(p) is obtained.These results cover the boundary Schwarz lemma and rigidity result for holomorphic self-mappings on the unit ball for p=2,and the unit polydisk for p=∞,respectively.

Interaction Mechanisms between Natural Debris Flow and Rigid Barrier Deflectors:A New Perspective for Rational Design and Optimal Arrangement

Rigid barrier deflectors can effectively prevent overspilling landslides,and can satisfy disaster prevention requirements.However,the mechanisms of interaction between natural granular flow and rigid barrier deflectors require further investigation.To date,few studies have investigated the impact of deflectors on controlling viscous debris flows for geological disaster prevention.To investigate the effect of rigid barrier deflectors on impact mechanisms,a numerical model using the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method with the Herschel–Bulkley model is proposed to simulate the interaction between natural viscous flow and single/dual barriers with and without deflectors.This model was validated using laboratory flume test data from the literature.Then,the model was used to investigate the influence of the deflector angle and multi-barrier arrangements.The optimal configuration of multi-barriers was analyzed with consideration to the barrier height and distance between the barriers,because these metrics have a significant impact on the viscous flow pile-up,run-up,and overflow mechanisms.The investigation considered the energy dissipation process,retention efficiency,and dead-zone formation.Compared with bare barriers with similar geometric characteristics and spatial distribution,rigid barriers with deflectors exhibit superior effectiveness in preventing the overflow and overspilling of viscous debris flow.Recommendations for the rational design of deflectors and the optimal arrangement of multi-barriers are provided to mitigate geological disasters.

Rigidity Symmetry Line for Thermodynamic Fluid Equations-of-State

We report progress towards a modern scientific description of thermodynamic properties of fluids following the discovery (in 2012) of a coexisting critical density hiatus and a supercritical mesophase defined by percolation transitions. The state functions density ρ(p,T), and Gibbs energy G(p,T), of fluids, e.g. CO2, H2O and argon exhibit a symmetry characterised by the rigidity, ω = (dp/dρ)T, between gaseous and liquid states along any isotherm from critical (Tc) to Boyle (TB) temperatures, on either side of the supercritical mesophase. Here, using experimental data for fluid argon, we investigate the low-density cluster physics description of an ideal dilute gas that obeys Dalton’s partial pressure law. Cluster expansions in powers of density relate to a supercritical liquid-phase rigidity symmetry (RS) line (ω = ρrs(T) = RT) to gas phase virial coefficients. We show that it is continuous in all derivatives, linear within stable fluid phase, and relates analytically to the Boyle-work line (BW) (w = (p/ρ)T = RT), and to percolation lines of gas (PB) and liquid (PA) phases by: ρBW(T) = 2ρPA(T) = 3ρPB(T) = 3ρRS(T)/2 for T TB. These simple relationships arise, because the higher virial coefficients (bn, n ≥ 4) cancel due to clustering equilibria, or become negligible at all temperatures (0 T TB) within the gas phase. The Boyle-work line (p/ρBW)T is related exactly at lower densities as T → TB, and accurately for liquid densities, by ρBW(T) = −(b2/b3)T. The RS line, ω(T) = RT, defines a new liquid-density ground-state physical constant (ρRS(0) = (2/3)ρBW(0) for argon). Given the gas-liquid rigidity symmetry, the entire thermodynamic state functions below TB are obtainable from b2(T). A BW-line ground-state crystal density ρBW(0) can be defined by the pair potential minimum. The Ar2 pair potential, ∅ij(rij) determines b2(T) analytically for all T. This report, therefore, advances the salient objective of liquid-state theory: an argon p(ρ,T) Equation-of-state is obtained from ∅ij(rij) for all fluid states, without any adjustable parameters.

Microstructure and texture evolution of fine-grained Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloy micro-tubes for biodegradable vascular stents processed by hot extrusion and rapid cooling

Magnesium alloys have narrow available slip result from close-packed hexagonal structure that limit their processing properties.In the recent work,the Mg-2Zn-0.46Y-0.5Nd,as materials for degradable stents,was applied to produce as-extruded micro-tube with an outer diameter of 3.0mm and a wall thickness of 0.35mm by hot extrusion with an extrusion ratio of 105:1 at 653K and rapid cooling.The fine microstructure of the dynamic recrystallization of as-extruded micro-tube could be preserved by rapid cooling such as water-cooled,resulting in more excellent mechanical properties relative to air-cooled micro-tube.The addition of rare earth elements Y and Nd results in continuous dynamic recrystallization dominated the dynamic recrystallization mechanism.During the hot extrusion process,the activation of the non-basal slip system,especially the pyramidal(c+a)slip,could significantly weaken the texture strength,and the as-extruded micro-tube exhibits weak"RE"texture components(011^(-)1)||ED and(1^(-)21^(-)1)||ED.Hence,the magnesium alloy micro-tube prepared by the rapid cooling has fine microstructure and weak texture,which is favorable for further process and governance.

Micro-Tuber Production in Diploid and Tetraploid Potato after Gamma Irradiation of in Vitro Cuttings for Mutation Induction

Micro-tubers are important propagules in potato breeding and potato production, and they are also dormant and easily transported and therefore good targets for mutation induction in potato mutation breeding. A prerequisite for mutation breeding is to determine optimal mutation treatments. Therefore, radio-sensitivity tests of a tetraploid and a diploid potato to gamma irradiation were undertaken. Effects of different gamma sources on radio-activity were also studied. In vitro potato cuttings were gamma irradiated using a wide dose range (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 20 Gy). The irradiated cuttings were then cultured to induce micro-tubers directly in vitro. Micro-tuber morphotypes were assessed after irradiation of cuttings using three gamma sources with emission activities of 1.8, 7.07 and 139 Gy/min. The diploid species (Solanum verrucosum) was more radio-sensitive than the tetraploid cultivar Desirée (Solanum tuberosum). Gamma dose rates had significant influences on subsequent micro-tuber production at various mutant generations. Effects included reductions in the number, size and weight of micro-tubers produced. Gamma dose was more lethal for the diploid potato genotype and micro-tubers produced were small compared to those produced by the tetraploid genotype after irradiation. Different treatments are recommended for diploid and tetraploid potato irradiation in producing large mutant micro-tuber populations. The mutant micro-tuber populations may then be screened for interesting mutations/trait for both genetics and plant breeding purposes.

Impairment of rigidity sensing caused by mutant TP53 gain of function in osteosarcoma

Osteosarcoma(OS)is the most common primary malignant pediatric bone tumor and is characterized by high heterogeneity.Studies have revealed a wide range of phenotypic differences among OS cell lines in terms of their in vivo tumorigenicity and in vitro colony-forming abilities.However,the underlying molecular mechanism of these discrepancies remains unclear.The potential role of mechanotransduction in tumorigenicity is of particular interest.To this end,we tested the tumorigenicity and anoikis resistance of OS cell lines both in vitro and in vivo.We utilized a sphere culture model,a soft agar assay,and soft and rigid hydrogel surface culture models to investigate the function of rigidity sensing in the tumorigenicity of OS cells.Additionally,we quantified the expression of sensor proteins,including four kinases and seven cytoskeletal proteins,in OS cell lines.The upstream core transcription factors of rigidity-sensing proteins were further investigated.We detected anoikis resistance in transformed OS cells.The mechanosensing function of transformed OS cells was also impaired,with general downregulation of rigidity-sensing components.We identified toggling between normal and transformed growth based on the expression pattern of rigidity-sensing proteins in OS cells.We further uncovered a novel TP53 mutation(R156P)in transformed OS cells,which acquired gain of function to inhibit rigidity sensing,thus sustaining transformed growth.Our findings suggest a fundamental role of rigidity-sensing components in OS tumorigenicity as mechanotransduction elements through which cells can sense their physical microenvironment.In addition,the gain of function of mutant TP53 appears to serve as an executor for such malignant programs.

Combined load bearing capacity of rigid piles embedded in a crossanisotropic clay deposit using 3D finite element lower bound

In this study,an iterative-based three-dimensional finite element lower bound in association with the second-order cone programming method is adopted to evaluate the limit load of a single pile embedded in cross-anisotropic soils under general loading condition.The lower bound solutions of the pile embedded in an anisotropic soil deposit can be found by formulating the element equilibrium,equilibrium of shear and normal stresses along discontinuities,boundary conditions,yield function,and optimizing the objective function through the second-order cone programming method in conjunction with an iterative-based update procedure.A general loading condition is considered to profile the expansion of the safe load in the vertical-horizontal-moment(V-H-M)space.The results of this study are compared and validated against three different cases including an isotropic lateral loading,anisotropic end bearing capacity,and a pile embedded in an isotropic soil deposit under general loading condition.A parametric study is conducted to evaluate the impact of different influencing factors.It was found that the effect of anisotropy on the variation of lateral limit load of a single pile is more pronounced than the corresponding vertical and bending moment limit loads,whereas the interface properties have more significant effects on the vertical and bending moment limit loads in comparison to the lateral limit load.

Anti-plane pull-out of a rigid line inclusion from an elastic medium

The transient and static anti-plane problem of a rigid line inclusion pulled out from an elastic medium is studied.The singular integral equation method is used to solve the stress field.Under the static load,the stress intensity factor(SIF)at the inclusion tips increases with the medium length.The problem becomes equivalent to an inclusion in a medium with an infinite length when the length of the medium is 3.5times longer than that of the inclusion.However,under the transient load,the maximum value of the SIF occurs when the medium length is about two times the inclusion length.Besides,the relation between the pull-out force and the anti-plane displacement is given.The conclusions are useful in guiding the design of fiber reinforced composite materials.

GLOBAL RIGIDITY THEOREMS FOR SUBMANIFOLDS WITH PARALLEL MEAN CURVATURE

In this paper,we mainly study the global rigidity theorem of Riemannian submanifolds in space forms.Let Mn(n≥3)be a complete minimal submanifold in the unit sphere Sn+p(1).Forλ∈[0,n2−1/p),there is an explicit positive constant C(n,p,λ),depending only on n,p,λ,such that,if∫MSn/2dM<∞,∫M(S−λ)n/2+dM<C(n,p,λ),then Mn is a totally geodetic sphere,where S denotes the square of the second fundamental form of the submanifold and∫+=max{0,f}.Similar conclusions can be obtained for a complete submanifold with parallel mean curvature in the Euclidean space Rn+p.

Experimental investigation and analytically modeling of hysteretic behavior of rigid bus-flexible connectors of 220 kV electrical substations

This paper describes the quasi-static testing and analytical modelling of the hysteretic behavior of aluminum alloy rigid bus-flexible connectors of 220 kV electrical substations.The main objective of the study is to experimentally investigate the hysteretic behavior of six different types of rigid bus-flexible connectors 220 kV electrical substations when subjected to cyclic loading.Another objective is to theoretically study the flexibility and effectiveness of a previously proposed analytical model in fitting the experimental hysteresis loops of the tested rigid bus-flexible connectors.The experimental investigation indicates that the tested rigid bus-flexible connectors exhibit highly asymmetric hysteresis behavior along with tension stiffening effect.The theoretical study demonstrates that the generalized Bouc-Wen model has high flexibility and is effective in fitting the experimental hysteresis resisting force-displacement curves of the six tested rigid bus-flexible connectors.

Load Test Analysis and Research on Long-Span Concrete Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge

Based on the as-built load test of a large bridge,this paper introduces the procedure of the prestressed concrete continuous rigid frame bridge load test.Numerical analysis of the bridge was carried out by simulating and establishing a finite element model,and comparative analysis was carried out with the measured values.The results show that the calculated values were basically consistent with the measured values,which showed that the establishment method of the model was reasonable,and the mechanical performance of the bridge met the service requirements of the designed live load.

Fatigue Safety Assessment of Concrete Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge Based on Rain Flow Counting Method and Health Monitoring Data

The fatigue of concrete structures will gradually appear after being subjected to alternating loads for a long time,and the accidents caused by fatigue failure of bridge structures also appear from time to time.Aiming at the problem of degradation of long-span continuous rigid frame bridges due to fatigue and environmental effects,this paper suggests a method to analyze the fatigue degradation mechanism of this type of bridge,which combines long-term in-site monitoring data collected by the health monitoring system(HMS)and fatigue theory.In the paper,the authors mainly carry out the research work in the following aspects:First of all,a long-span continuous rigid frame bridge installed with HMS is used as an example,and a large amount of health monitoring data have been acquired,which can provide efficient information for fatigue in terms of equivalent stress range and cumulative number of stress cycles;next,for calculating the cumulative fatigue damage of the bridge structure,fatigue stress spectrum got by rain flow counting method,S-N curves and damage criteria are used for fatigue damage analysis.Moreover,it was considered a linear accumulation damage through the Palmgren-Miner rule for the counting of stress cycles.The health monitoring data are adopted to obtain fatigue stress data and the rain flow counting method is used to count the amplitude varying fatigue stress.The proposed fatigue reliability approach in the paper can estimate the fatigue damage degree and its evolution law of bridge structures well,and also can help bridge engineers do the assessment of future service duration.

基于特性的牵引车-半挂车刚柔组合车架动力学模型研究

商用车较大的车架柔性会影响到整车的操纵稳定性和乘坐舒适性,尤其是在共振时车架柔性会放大对车辆运动品质的影响。为实时模拟牵引车-半挂车的车架运动,采用基于总成特性的建模技术路线,根据运动响应频域将车架运动解耦为低频刚体运动和高频柔体运动,并将车架模型模块化划分为基于多体动力学的刚体车架模块、基于模态综合法的柔体车架模块,然后将两模块求解结果叠加形成刚柔组合车架模型。最后,将车架模型嵌入牵引车89DOF-半挂车73DOF整车模型中,针对某款商用车进行仿真,通过对比实车场地试验结果,验证了模型的有效性。

盐酸青藤碱诱导黏连性膝关节强直家兔成纤维细胞凋亡的机制研究

目的观察盐酸青藤碱对膝关节黏连强直的家兔成纤维细胞增殖和相关基因表达的影响,并进一步尝试探讨其对抗膝关节黏连强直的作用机制。方法以体外培养法培养成纤维细胞,并设对照组、盐酸青藤碱低中高浓度实验组。CCK-8法检测成纤维细胞增殖的情况;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(real-time quantitative PCR,RT-qPCR)法检测经过盐酸青藤碱处理后,成纤维细胞相关基因mRNA表达的改变,用ELISA法检测药物的作用对血清中炎症因子等水平的影响,蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测相关蛋白质的表达。结果盐酸青藤碱能降低成纤维细胞存活率,且随浓度升高存活率逐渐降低。盐酸青藤碱中各个组的效果均十分明显(P<0.05)。在相关基因的mRNA表达层面,与对照组比较,盐酸青藤碱各组炎症因子均显著下调(P<0.05),凋亡蛋白的表达量显著上升、Bcl-2的mRNA表达量下降(P<0.05),而PI3K/mTOR/AKT3信号通路分子的mRNA表达量均下降(P<0.05)。在蛋白质表达层面,与对照组相比较,中、高剂量盐酸青藤碱组血清中炎症因子IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β、TGF-β的水平均明显下调(P<0.05),凋亡蛋白cleaved-PARP、cleaved caspase-3/7及Bax的表达量均上调,并且与给药剂量成正相关,而抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2、PI3K/AKT3/mTOR信号通路的表达量则与给药剂量成负相关。盐酸青藤碱对家兔膝关节成纤维细胞的存活表现为显著的抑制作用,作用机制或与下调炎症因子IL-6、IL-8、IL-1β的表达,并促进凋亡蛋白cleaved-PARP、cleaved caspase-3/7及Bax的表达,抑制Bcl-2的表达,抑制其下游PI3K/AKT3/mTOR信号通路的基因表达有关。结论盐酸青藤碱可抑制黏连性膝关节强直家兔膝关节成纤维细胞的炎症反应和加速成纤维细胞的凋亡,或可通过该机制为改善和治疗黏连性膝关节强直提供新的方法。

考虑磨损演化的铰链式襟翼机构动力学仿真研究

不同卡位的襟翼气动载荷差别很大,使得轴承在不同襟翼偏角下所承受载荷也存在明显差异,这导致在不同角度位置的轴承磨损深度不一致。因此,引入均匀磨损深度的方法难以适用于襟翼的动力学特性分析。为解决这一问题,提出了一种基于最小二乘法的动力学建模方法。根据襟翼翼面的连接特点利用C-B法对其进行柔性化,并采用RBE2单元建立刚柔耦合动力学模型。联合UAMP、DISP、UMESHMOTION子程序进行磨损演化仿真,获取铰链轴承的非均匀磨损数据,同时通过最小二乘拟合建立磨损深度和襟翼偏角角度以及摩擦因数的映射关系。将该映射关系以铰链轴承中心点的偏移量和轴承摩擦因数的方式更新刚柔耦合动力学模型,以获取在磨损影响下的襟翼机构动力学响应,验证了方法的适用性和有效性。结果表明,随着磨损的进行,襟翼内外侧轴承转轴同轴度逐渐降低,内外侧驱动力矩随之增加,增加幅度最大为15.08%。该方法可为襟翼机构的设计及轴承选型提供一定支持。

重庆官栈河大桥主桥主墩基础锁口钢管桩围堰加固

重庆官栈河大桥主桥为(62+110+62)m三跨连续刚构桥,主墩基础采用锁口钢管桩围堰施工。围堰施工正常水位+325.300 m,施工期控制水位+330.500 m。在该桥主墩围堰完成四周锁口钢管桩插打及前4道内支撑安装后,因极端天气原因,长寿湖水位上涨到+332.200 m,危及围堰安全。为解决钢管桩围堰的安全问题,提出采用水下施工内支撑的加固方案。待围堰内部水头与外部保持一致后,将已经插打的锁口钢管桩加高至标高+334.000 m,拆除已安装好的4道内支撑,重新安装6道内支撑。采用MIDAS Civil软件分别建立加固前、后钢管桩围堰结构有限元模型,分析钢管桩及内支撑的受力安全与稳定性。结果表明:施工控制水位+330.500 m下,围堰结构最大正应力由加固前的162.6 MPa下降到加固后的82.3 MPa,下降了49.3%;承载水位可从施工控制水位+330.500 m增加到目标控制水位+333.500 m,且强度和刚度等均留有一定储备。水下施工内支撑的加固方案可提升围堰的承载能力。该桥围堰加固后整体受力效果良好,已顺利完成承台浇筑施工。

考虑侧向刚柔边界约束的黄土填方路基沉降计算方法

提出一种新的考虑刚柔边界约束和侧向变形的黄土填方路基沉降计算方法。基于自主研发的三向加载设备和室内压缩试验,分析不同竖向加载方式和不同侧向约束对土体竖向及侧向变形的影响,提出考虑土体压实度和围压的边界影响系数,建立压实黄土侧向应变模型,给出考虑刚柔边界条件和侧向变形的黄土路基沉降计算方法。研究结果表明:边界影响系数与路基压实度和围压都呈正相关,且刚柔约束边界对黄土压缩性指标的影响程度最高能达到40%。提出的竖向和三向边界影响系数综合考虑了路基压实度、侧向围压以及边界条件的影响。利用工程实例验证了新模型计算方法的准确性和实用性,提高了传统分层总和法的精度。

圆结构光系统深孔圆度测量方法研究

圆结构光系统测量深孔(通孔)圆度时存在激光器、相机和深孔难以保持平行或同轴的问题,导致无法测量准确的圆截面,从而产生系统误差。搭建了基于圆结构光的测量系统,分析了系统误差的产生机理并提出了一种基于圆结构光系统测量圆度的方法,可对系统误差进行一定补偿:首先,获取待测深孔的内表面高分辨率三维点云,拟合点云轴线,通过刚体变换将三维点云变换到深孔轴线与相机光轴平行的位置;然后,选定一个测量截面,搜索该截面上的点和与该截面范围较近的点作为圆度评定点;最后,采用网格搜索算法完成圆度评定。测量实验的结果表明,该方法对于圆度误差的补偿效果良好,其中测量不确定度为4.78μm。

协调公平与效率的“四水四定”研究Ⅱ:应用

宁夏干旱缺水且发展不均衡,以水定需是必然选择。本文针对宁夏水资源条件和经济社会特征,构建协调公平与效率的“四水四定”优化模型,开展全区“四水四定”方案分析。模型以用水总量红线指标为水资源刚性约束,根据区域发展战略确定刚性保障需求,通过水与“四定”协调关系分析得出经济社会发展和用水效率可行变化范围。以2019年为现状、2025年为目标年,采用模型协调优化得出“四定”规模控制目标,以及分行业和区县的用水总量控制指标。结果表明,在全区73.27亿m 3用水总量和41.5亿m 3耗水约束下,满足全面小康的“四定”规模为750万人、5481亿元GDP、84.7万hm 2灌溉面积和791 km 2建成区面积。通过对比分析方案的公平性和效率提升状况,揭示了不同行业、区域的水量流转方向,表明约束设置对结果有显著影响,可为区域经济社会发展和水资源管控决策提供参考。

薄壁结构件的正向吸附辅助支撑钻削工艺研究

航空航天领域中薄壁结构件的连接装配要求加工高精度的连接孔,但此类结构件钻削加工时变形大、易振动,严重影响制孔精度和表面质量,传统装夹方法存在装夹跨距大、难以充分有效支撑等问题。本文提出通过正向吸附辅助支撑,提高薄壁结构件加工时的局部刚度,进而提高薄壁结构件的加工质量,并通过仿真和试验相结合的方式研究了正向吸附辅助支撑对薄壁结构件钻削加工的影响。结果表明,在本文仿真和试验条件下,正向吸附辅助支撑可使钻削位置刚度提升40倍以上,孔壁粗糙度值降低67%以上,圆度公差降低60%以上,孔径偏差降低50%以上,同一孔的靠近出口、入口位置的孔径偏差降低90%以上。可见,正向吸附辅助支撑可显著提高薄壁结构件的制孔精度和质量。