Upstream Operations in the Oil Industry： Rigorous Modeling ofan Electrostatic Coalescer

This paper deals with a first-principle mathematical model that describes the electrostatic coalescer unitsdevoted to the separation of water from oil in water-in-oil emulsions, which are typical of the upstreamoperations in oil fields. The main phenomena governing the behavior of the electrostatic coalescer are denscribed, starting from fundamental laws. In addition, the gradual coalescence of the emulsion droplets isconsidered in the mathematical modeling in a dynamic fashion, as the phenomenon is identified as a keystep in the overall yield of the unit operation. The resulting differential system with boundary conditionsis then integrated via performing numerical libraries, and the simulation results confirm the available lit-erature and the industrial data. A sensitivity analysis is provided with respect to the main parameters. Themathematical model results in a flexible tool that is useful for the purposes of design, unit behavior predic-tion. performance rnoniroring, and ontimization.

A Rigorous Spectral Representation of Relativistic Random Phase Approximation

A rigorous spectral representation of relativistic random-phase approximation is presented.Explicit expression is derived for the effective particle-hole interaction which contains the direct term Kan,the exchange term KaQ and the kernel for the fermion line renormalization K_(fr).It is shown that according to our method,not only K_(an) but also K_(sc) and K_(fr) can be given rigorously in a form which depends only on one ω(energy)-variable and they all take account of the retardation effect properly.

Rigorous Coupled-Wave Approach for Sandwich Gratings

Rigorous Coupled-Wave Approach (RCWA) has been used successfully and accurately to study simple grating structures, such as one-layer gratings, one-whole gratings. In this paper, RCWA is expanded to solve Sandwich gratings (SG), which is composed of two identical planar dielectric gratings adjoined by thin metallic or dielectric film. The electromagnetic analytic expressions for each layer of SG structure are given and rigorous coupled-wave equations are deduced. The numerical investigations for the diffraction spectra of SG by our theoretical and computer programs are in good agreement with the results of classical RCWA in the condition when a Sandwish grating is simplified to a classical one-layer grating. The calculations by our programs of another condition when a Sandwish grating is degenerated to a classical single planar structure also conform to the results of classical electromagnetic theory. The research results above indicate that the extended theoretical formula has backwards compatibility and is self-consistent with the classical theory.

Re ned rigorous perturbation bounds for the SR decomposition

In this article,some new rigorous perturbation bounds for the SR decomposition un-der normwise or componentwise perturbations for a given matrix are derived.Also,the explicit expressions for the mixed and componentwise condition numbers are presented by utilizing the block matrix-vector equation approach.Hypothetical and trial results demonstrate that these new bounds are constantly more tightly than the comparing ones in the literature.

The rigorous adjustment of the global mean sea level budget during 2005-2015

Global mean sea level budget is rigorously adjusted during the period 2005-2015.The emphasis is to provide the best estimates for the linear rates of changes(trends)of the global mean sea level budget components during this period subject to the constraint:Earth’s hydrosphere conserves water.The newly simultaneously adjusted trends of the budget components suggest a larger correction for the global mean sea level trend implicated by the other budget components’trends under the budget constraint.The simultaneous estimation of the linear trends of the budget components subject to the constraint for closure improves their uncertainties and enables a holistic assessment of the global mean sea budget,which has implications for future sea level science studies,including the future Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)Assessment Reports,and the US Climate Assessment Reports.

CONTINUOUS TIME RANDOM WALKS ON FRACTALS:RIGOROUS RESULTS

Continuous time random walk on fractals is studied.Asymptotic forms of<r^(2)(t)>,S(t)and P(t)are obtained rigorously by the generalized Blackwell theorem,where<r^(2)(t)>is the mean-square displacement,S(t)the number of distinct sites visited in time t,and P(t)the probability of return at time t.The spatial disorder turns out to be predominant for long time.

Area inside a Circle: Intuitive and Rigorous Proofs

In this article I conduct a short review of the proofs of the area inside a circle. These include intuitive as well as rigorous analytic proofs. This discussion is important not just from mathematical view point but also because pedagogically the calculus books still use circular reasoning today to prove the area inside a circle (also that of an ellipse) on this important historical topic, first illustrated by Archimedes. I offer an innovative approach through the introduction of a theorem, which will lead to proving the area inside a circle avoiding circular argumentation.

Answering calls for rigorous health equity research:a cross-sectional study leveraging electronic health records for data disaggregation in Latinos

Introduction Country of birth/nativity information may be crucial to understanding health equity in Latino populations and is routinely called for in health services literature assessing cardiovascular disease and risk,but is not thought to co-occur with longitudinal,objective health information such as that found in electronic health records(EHRs).Methods We used a multistate network of community health centres to describe the extent to which country of birth is recorded in EHRs in Latinos,and to describe demographic features and cardiovascular risk profiles by country of birth.We compared geographical/demographic/clinical characteristics,from 2012 to 2020(9 years of data),of 914495 Latinos recorded as US-born,non-US-born and without a country of birth recorded.We also described the state in which these data were collected.Results Country of birth was collected for 127138 Latinos in 782 clinics in 22 states.Compared with those with a country of birth recorded,Latinos without this record were more often uninsured and less often preferred Spanish.While covariate adjusted prevalence of heart disease and risk factors were similar between the three groups,when results were disaggregated to five specific Latin countries(Mexico,Guatemala,Dominican Republic,Cuba,El Salvador),significant variation was observed,especially in diabetes,hypertension and hyperlipidaemia.Conclusions In a multistate network,thousands of non-US-born,US-born and patients without a country of birth recorded had differing demographic characteristics,but clinical variation was not observed until data was disaggregated into specific country of origin.State policies that enhance the safety of immigrant populations may enhance the collection of health equity related data.Rigorous and effective health equity research using Latino country of birth information paired with longitudinal healthcare information found in EHRs might have significant potential for aiding clinical and public health practice,but it depends on increased,widespread and accurate availability of this information,co-occurring with other robust demographic and clinical data nativity.

Advanced Computational Methods of Rapid and Rigorous 3-D Inversion of Airborne Electromagnetic Data

We develop a new computational method for modeling and inverting frequency domain airborne electromagnetic(EM)data.Our method is based on the contraction integral equation method for forward EM modeling and on inversion using the localized quasi-linear(LQL)approximation followed by the rigorous inversion,if necessary.The LQL inversion serves to provide a fast image of the target.These results are checked by a rigorous update of the domain electric field,allowing a more accurate calculation of the predicted data.If the accuracy is poorer than desired,rigorous inversion follows,using the resulting conductivity distribution and electric field from LQL as a starting model.The rigorous inversion iteratively solves the field and domain equations,converting the non-linear inversion into a series of linear inversions.We test this method on synthetic and field data.The results of the inversion are very encouraging with respect to both the speed and the accuracy of the algorithm,showing this is a useful tool for airborne EM interpretation.

RIGOROUS BOUNDS OF POWER SPECTRUM FOR RENORMALIZATION-GROUP EQUATION OF TRIFURCATION SEQUENCE

The study of the bifurcation phenomena of the nonlinear system is getting ripe. Some lower high-order sequences, such as the trifurcation sequence, are being paid much attention. The trifurcation phenomena-have been observed in the nonlinear electric circuit, the Brussels’ oscillator and other experiments of the like. In the parameter space, the

An Affable But Rigorous Teacher in Vocal Music

WANG Pinsu, 75, is a professor at the Shanghai Conservatory of Music. Her parents named her Jingri which means "unstable day" because she was born during a time of tangled warfare among warlords. But a neighbor who was a middle school teacher felt that Wang looked very simple and mature among the children, so he gave Wang another name "Pinsu," because of her appearance and demeanor. Professor Wang makes rigorous demands on herself in the cause of music. She is also very rigorous with

Critical Factors Dictating Reversibility of the Zinc Metal Anode

With high energy density and improved safety,rechargeable battery chemistries with a zinc(Zn)metal anode offer promising and sustainable alternatives to those based on lithium metal or lithium-ion intercalation/alloying anode materials;however,the poor electrochemical reversibility of Zn plating/stripping,induced by parasitic reactions with both aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes,presently limits the practical appeal of these systems.Although recent efforts in rechargeable Zn metal batteries(RZMBs)have achieved certain advancements in Zn metal reversibility,as quantified by the Coulombic efficiency(CE),a standard protocol for CE has not been established,and results across chemistries and systems are often conflicting.More importantly,there is still an insufficient understanding regarding the critical factors dictating Zn reversibility.In this work,a rigorous,established protocol for determining CE of lithium metal anodes is transplanted to the Zn chemistry and is used for systematically examining how a series of factors including current collector chemistry,current density,temperature,and the upper voltage limit during stripping affect the measured reversibility of different Zn electrolytes.With support from density functional theory calculations,this standardized Zn CE protocol is then leveraged to identify an important correlation between electrolyte solvation strength toward Zn2+and the measured Zn CE in the corresponding electrolyte,providing new guidance for future development and evaluation of Zn electrolytes.

Systematic exploration of the applicability of the idiomatic vapor balance rule to distillation column consolidation

For N-component distillation(N≥3),consolidation between different column sections is an inevitable manipulation when synthesizing complex distillation configurations.In the consolidation,the idiomatic vapor balance(IVB)rule,in which the larger vapor flowrate in the two columns before consolidation will be chosen as the balanced vapor flowrate at the consolidation point,has been widely used.However,the applicability of the IVB rule has not been verified,which is of essential importance to the accuracy of the distillation configuration synthesis.In the present study,the applicability of the IVB rule to distillation column consolidation was systematically explored by rigorous method for the first time.First,the separation of ideal and non-ideal three-component mixtures with variable compositions was studied,and the optimized configurations before and after consolidation were determined by a rigorous method.The results indicated that for the separation of an ideal mixture,the IVB rule was applicable for the whole composition range,while for the separation of a non-ideal mixture,the IVB rule was only applicable for very limited composition range.Finally,two cases of synthesizing distillation configurations for the separation of non-ideal mixtures were studied to verify the remarkable deviations the IVB rule may cause.The results indicated that the applicability of the shortcut method using the IVB rule to the distillation configuration synthesis depended on the composition of the non-ideal mixture,and a remarkable error might result and the truly optimal configuration might be missed if the IVB rule is applied to a non-ideal mixture.

应用于燃料电池的高速单级空气压缩机波箔轴承技术

The motivation to use air foil bearings in fuel cell compressors is driven by the demand for oil-free and high-power density system to reduce system volume and weight. The characteristics of air foil bearings that realize this demand are its independency on auxiliary system and no scheduled maintenance as well as their superb performance at high speeds. However, integration of the foil bearings to the compressor needs rigorous developmental tests for the bearing to withstand high g-load during vehicle maneuver and to remain stable in rotordynamics under external destabilizing forces. This paper presents multi-pads foil bearing technology applicable to single stage high speed fuel cell air compressors.Two different multi-pad air foil bearing designs(two-pad vs three-pad) were tested using a high-speed spin test rig to identify the differences in rotordynamics responses. The two-pad bearing is superior in rotordynamics without any sub-synchronous vibration while three-pad bearing provides more uniform load capacity in all directions with less rotordynamics stability. Frequency-domain modal analyses verify the experimental observations. Axial foil bearings with 38 mm outer diameter was designed and tested up to 140 krpm with load capacity of 90 N(1.4 bar specific load capacity).Finally, a platform design of single stage 15 k W fuel cell compressor with rated speed of 130 krpm is proposed using the multi-pad foil bearings and axial foil bearings developed through this paper.

次世代微影术及其非破坏式光学量测系统之研究

本论文包含三项研究：一、极紫外光（extreme ultraviolet）微影系统：1.设计以40层钼/硅为基材之光子晶体（photoniccrystal）反射面镜,从数值计算得知,此面镜大幅提升对极紫外光之反射率,并能承受更高之照射温度与能量。2.改善传输线理论（transmission line theory）,使之用于加速多层钼/硅面镜之设计。

New Asymmetric Model for Predicting Ternary Thermodynamic Properties

A new model for predicting ternary thermodynamic properties from its three binary systems has been presented,that isEGm=(（X1X2）/(V12V21)EG12(V12V21)+(（X1X3）/(V13V31))EG13(V13,V31))+（1-X1）2 EG23（（X2/（1-X1））,（X3/1-X1））where EGm represents the ternary excess molar thermodynamic property; EGijindicates the thermodynamic properties of i-jbinary systems; Xi represents the mole fraction of component i of ternary solution,while Vii=（1+Xi-Xj）/2.The model is con-sidered to be rigorous in the case where the pseudobinary systems of fixed X2/X3 are regular solution.The application of newmodel to the prediction of ternary enthalpies of mixing for Bi-Ga-Sn,Au-Ag-Sn and NaCI-KCI-CaCl2 systems shows thatthe calculated results by new model are closer to experimental data than those by Toop’s model.

TWO DIMENSIONAL PROPERTIES OF REVERSED DUCKWEED AMPHIPHILIC POLYMER

The surface pressure-Area isotherms of Reversed Duckweed amphiphilipolymer were examined in view of their chemical structure and two-dimentional properties of polymer monolayer were studied.

THE CALCULATION OF CRITICAL PROPERTIES OF MIXTURES FROM EQUATIONS OF STATE

The rigorous critical state criteria based on Helmholtz free energy is used with equations of state fordirect calculation of critical properties(T_c,P_c and V_c)of 44 binary and 5 ternary systems.Special at-tention is paid to systems containing polar component(s)and the improvement in critical volume prediction.For extending this method to polar systems,the recently developed Cubic Chain-of-Rotators equation ofstate has been applied.As compared with SRK and PR equations of state,the improvement in V_c pre-diction is most impressive.

THE ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS BASED ON THE CONCEPT OF FINITE ELEMENT METHODS

On the basis of the concept of finite element methods,the rigorous analytical solutionsof structural response in terms of the design variables are researched in this paper.Thespatial trusses are taken as an example for the solution of the analytical expressions of theexplicit displacements which are proved mathematically;then some conclusions arereached that are useful to structural sensitivity analysis and optimization.In the third partof the paper,a generalized geometric programming method is sugguested for the optimalmodel with the explicit displacement.Finally,the analytical solutions of the displacementsof three trusses are given as examples.

ABOUT THE JOURNAL

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology is peer-reviewed journalpubllished birnonthly in English edition. It was founded in 1990 and previously entitled Journal of China University of Mining and Technology. This journal publishes original andinnovative research papers and high-quality reviews covering the latest advances theories,methodologies, and applications in the fields of mining sciences and technologies. It alsoprovides an international exchange forum for the readers and authors engaging in miningsciences and technologies all over the world.Papers to be published will be rigorously editedby specialists and authorities. The entire process from submission, review, to publication ishandled online.