Nonlinear mechanics of a ring structure subjected to multi-pairs of evenly distributed equal radial forces

Combining the elastica theory, finite element (FE) analysis, and a geometrical topological experiment, we studied the mechanical behavior of a ring subjected to multi-pairs of evenly distributed equal radial forces by looking at its seven distinct states. The results showed that the theoretical predictions of the ring deformation and strain energy matched the FE results very well, and that the ring deformations were comparable to the topological experiment. Moreover, no matter whether the ring was compressed or tensioned by N-pairs of forces, the ring always tended to be regular polygons with 2N sides as the force increased, and a proper compressive force deformed the ring into exquisite flower-like patterns. The present study solves a basic mechanical problem of a ring subjected to lateral forces, which can be useful for studying the relevant mechanical behavior of ring structures from the nano- to the macro-scale.

Ring Structures of Silicone Oligomers:a Density Functional Theory Study

Silicones can be cross-linked to materials with a wide variety of properties.In this work,the ringed oligomers of [SiO(OH)_2]nas well as the stacked structures of trimer and the linear strands of the dimer and trimer were investigated systematically at B3 LYP/6-311 + + G(d,p) level combined with the conductor-like screening model(CPCM).This theoretical model reveals that,(1) SiO(OH)_2 will condense to stable ringed structures with SiO tetrahedrons;(2) in the ringed octamer [SiO(OH)_2]8,the macrocycle begins to pucker drastically;(3) from the linear strands of SiO rings it can be seen that the longer the chain is,the greater the energies decrease;(4) in [SiO(OH)_2]n(n ≥5) and in the strands of ringed oligomers,the highest occupied molecular orbitals(HOMOs) are primarily the n orbitals of the lone-pair electrons of oxygen atoms,so there are no delocalized π bonds.

Formation of Hybrid Ring Structure of Cyanurate/Isocyanurate in the Reaction be-tween 2,4,6-Tris(4-Phenyl-Phenoxy)-1, 3,5-Triazine and Phenyl Glycidyl Ether

Reaction products of 2,4,6-tris(4-phenyl-phenoxy)-1,3,5-triazine derived from 4-phenylphenol cyanate ester and phenyl glycidyl ether were analyzed. In addition to an isocyanurate compound and an oxazolidone compound which were well known as reaction products of cyanate esters and epoxy resins, compounds with hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate were determined. Gibbs free energies of the compound having hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate with two isocyanurate moiety were found to be lower than that of the compound with cyanurate ring structure through calculations. Calculation data supported the existence of hybrid ring structure of cy-anurate/isocyanurate. It was revealed that isomerization from cyanurate to isocyanurate occurs via hybrid ring structure of cyanurate/isocyanurate in the reaction of aryl cyanurate and epoxy.

Analysis and Modeling on the Spatial Structure of Urban Land Use: A Case of Jinan, China

Based on the data of urban land use obtained by remote sensing interpretation from aero images in 1986 and 2004, the spatial structure of Jinan is studied in this paper with the method of Geographic Information System (GIS). According to the proportion of land for residence, industry and commerce, the urban district can be distinguished into three rings. Compared with the traditional theory of the ring structure in Western coun- tries, they have many distinctive characteristics. The main func- tions of the inner ring include residence, business and banking, but the proportion of residential land (more than 50%) is considerably higher than that of the cities in Western countries. The land proportion for residence and industry in the intermediate ring is equal on the whole. The main land of the outside ring is for industrial use. From 1986 to 2004, great changes have taken place on the land proportion of different types of use. In the inner ring, the land for residential and industrial use has shrunk much while the land for commercial use has increased. In the intermediate ring, the changes of the three types of land use were not very much and the temporal variation was relatively stable. On the contrary, the structure in the outside ring varies acutely. Though most of it is also for industrial use, the proportion of residential land has in- creased much. The three rings can also be divided into several sectors respectively, according to the function of land use clusters. New trends and mechanisms of the changes of land use impacting the urban structure were proposed in the end of the paper.

Interpretation of remote sensing of geological structures and prediction of gold mineralization in Mohe area and its adjacent region

The authors took the ETM+ multi-spectra data as the data information and correlation coefficient for each band and carried out their information volume statistics.According to certain criteria,the authors also determined the optimum band-combined image.The image clarity is improved by various enhancements and fusions method.Based on remote sensing geological interpretation in detail,the relationship between remote sensing geological characters and gold mine were analyzed systemically.Using all kinds of remote sensing structure information,combining other research data,the authors determined mainly ore-controlling ore structure.Several prospective areas of gold ores were determined and furthermore significant finding mine target areas was confirmed.

Approximate calculation of electronic energy levels of axially symmetric quantum dot and quantum ring by using energy dependent effective mass

Calculations of electronic structures about the semiconductor quantum dot and the semiconductor quantum ring are presented in this paper. To reduce the calculation costs, for the quantum dot and the quantum ring, their simplified axially symmetric shapes are utilized in our analysis. The energy dependent effective mass is taken into account in solving the Schrodinger equations in the single band effective mass approximation. The calculated results show that the energy dependent effective mass should be considered only for relatively small volume quantum dots or small quantum rings. For large size quantum materials, both the energy dependent effective mass and the parabolic effective mass can give the same results. The energy states and the effective masses of the quantum dot and the quantum ring as a function of geometric parameters are also discussed in detail.

Synthesis, Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of 9,9-Dimethyl-9,10-dihydrospiro[benzo[a]-xanthene-12,3'-indoline]-2',11(8H)-dione

One novel spiro-compound（C_（26）H_（21）NO_3） has been synthesized and characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy,elemental analyses and X-ray diffraction. The single crystal belongs to the monoclinic system,space group P21/c with a = 8.8039（7）,b = 24.123（2）,c = 10.0751（9） ？,β = 108.403（3）°,M3r = 395.44,V = 2030.3（3） ？~3,Z = 4,D_c = 1.294 g/cm,F（000） = 832.0,μ = 0.085 mm^（-1）,R = 0.0801 and wR = 0.2228. The title compound shows good activities against Micrococcus tetragenus,Bacillus cereus,Bacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus,S.albus and Escherichia coli.

Imidazolium group prompted alkaline anion-exchange membrane with high performance for efficient electrochemical CO_(2) conversion

Development of high-performance hydroxide-conductive membranes is a focus research subject owing to promising applications in electrochemical reduction of CO_(2)(eCO_(2)RR).However,few satisfactory membranes have been developed to maximize the performance of CO_(2) electrolyzers,despite its role as the core in regulating ion transport and preventing product crossover or fuel loss.Herein,we report the synthesis of alkaline anion-exchange membranes fabricated by poly(vinyl-alcohol)(PVA)and poly[(3-methyl-1-vinylimidazoliummethylsulfate)-co-(1-vinylpyrrolidone)](PQ44)for use in CO_(2) electrolysis.Owing to the unique imidazolium ring structure coupled with a three-dimensional semiinterpenetrating porous internal architecture,the PVA/PQ44-OH-membranes provide a high hydroxide conductivity(21.47 mS cm^(-1)),preferable mechanical property and thermal stability.In particular,the eCO_(2)RR used PVA/PQ44-OH^(-) as electrolyte membrane realized a charming Faradaic efficiency(88%)and partial current density(29 mA cm^(-2))at0.96 VRHE and,delivered the excellent durability over 20 h electrolysis in 0.5 mol L^(-1) KHCO_(3) electrolyte.Notably,it can even enable an ultrahigh current density beyond 100 mA cm^(-2) at^(-1).11 VRHE when the electrolyte was KOH instead,and produced the FEHCOOof 85%at a low potential of0.81 VRHE,superior to both commercial alkaline A201 and acidic Nafion117 membrane.

Comprehensive Research on the Origin of the Solar System Structure by Quantum-like Model

A quantum-like model of gravitational system is introduced to explore the formation of the solar system structure. In this model, the chaos behavior of a large number of original nebular particles in a gravitational field can be described in terms of the wave function satisfying formal Schr?dinger equation, in which the Planck constant is replaced by a constant on cosmic scale. Numerical calculation shows that the radial distribution density of the particles has the character of wave curves with decreasing amplitudes and elongating wavelengths. By means of this model, many questions of the solar system, such as the planetary distance, mass, energy, angular momentum, the distribution of satellites, the structure of the planetary rings, and the asteroid belt and the Kuiper belt etc., can be explained in reason. In addition, the abnormal rotations of Venus and Mercury can be naturally explained by means of the quantum-like model.

Structural Probing on the Sn-C(C5 ring)Bond of the Sn(Ⅱ)Metallocenes in Both the Solid State and the Temperature-dependent Solution Relaxation State

Various bond modes of the M-C（C5 ring） exist in metallocene compounds of group 14 heavier elements,mostly due to an intricate interaction between the lone electron pairs at the M center and the 6 p-electrons of the C5 ring.The tin（Ⅱ） metallocene complexes LSn R（L = HC[CMe（N-2,6-iPr2C6H3）]2,R = cyclopentadienyl,C5H5（1）; indenyl,C9H7（2）; fluorenyl,C（13）H9（3）） stabilized by the β-diketiminato ligand were prepared and utilized in the study on their solid and solution state structures.X-ray single-crystal diffraction data revealed an η~1-mode of the Sn-C（C5 ring） bond in each 1~3.However,the room temperature ~1H NMR spectral studies disclosed such a fluxional bonding mode in solution.The 119 Sn NMR studies suggested a quadruple coordination nature of the Sn center in 1 while the triple coordination manner was for the Sn atom in both 2 and 3.Then the variable-temperature（25~–75 ℃） ~1H NMR spectral studies for each 1~3 were performed,which detected the relaxation state structures of 1~3 at lower temperature.All of these results indicate a stereochemical activity of the lone electron pairs at the tin（Ⅱ） atom that definitely has an electronic interaction with the 6 p-electrons of the C5 ring.The observed Sn-C（C5 ring） bond modes appear influenced by either the metallocene size or the compound state existed.

Two New Chlorovanadates:Ba_8Cs_5V_8O_(24)Cl_(13)with[V_8O_(24)]Ring and MgCsV_2O_6Cl with[VO_3]_∞Chain

Two new crystals of chlorovanadates,Ba_8Cs_5V_8O_（24）Cl_（13）（1） and MgCsV_2O_6Cl（2）,were grown in the molten salt media. 1 crystallizes in tetragonal,space group P4/mmm（No. 123）,with a = 14.801（2）,c = 12.341（3） ？,V = 2703.5（8） ？~3,Z = 2,Mr = 3015.56,F（000） = 2640,μ = 11.044 mm-1,Dc = 3.704 g/cm3,the final R = 0.0380 and wR = 0.0937 for 1654 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. 2 crystallizes in a monoclinic space group C2/c（No. 15） with a = 11.128（2）,b = 10.540（2）,c = 6.9892（14） ？,β = 118.38（3）°,V = 721.2（2） ？~3,Z = 4,M_r = 390.55,F（000） = 712,μ = 7.997 mm-1,D_c = 3.597 g/cm^3,the final R = 0.0537 and w R = 0.1363 for 740 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ（I）. 1 exhibits a novel 8-membered-ring [V_8O_（24）] consisting of 8 corner-shared VO_4 tetrahetra,but in 2,an infinite ladder-like [VO_3]_∞ chain is formed by VO_5 square pyramids through sharing the edges.

Experimental Research on Flash Boiling Spray of Dimethyl Ether

The high-speed digital imaging technique is applied to observe the developing process of flash boiling spray of dimethyl ether at low ambient pressure, and the effects of nozzle opening pressure and nozzle hole diameter on the spray shape, spray tip penetration and spray angle during the injection are investigated. The experimental results show that the time when the vortex ring structure of flash boiling spray forms and its developing process are determined by the combined action of the bubble growth and breakup in the spray and the air drag on the leading end of spray; with the enhancement of nozzle opening pressure, the spray tip penetration increases and the spray angle decreases. The influence of nozzle hole diameter on the spray tip penetration is relatively complicated, the spray tip penetration is longer with a smaller nozzle hole diameter at the early stage of injection, while the situation is just opposite at the later stage of injection. This paper establishes that the variation of spray angle is consistent with that of nozzle hole diameter.

Electronic structure of GaAs/A1GaAs quantum double rings in lateral electric field

A three-dimensional model of GaAs/A1GaAs quantum double rings in the lateral static electric field is investigated theoretically. The eigenvalue problem with the effective-mass approximation is solved by means of the finite-element method. The energy levels and wave functions of quantum-confined electrons and heavy holes are obtained and show an agreement with our previous theoretical and experimental studies. It is shown in the approximation of neglecting the Coulomb attraction between the electron and heavy hole that a relatively large Stark shift of exciton emission of 4 meV is attainable with an applied electric field of 0.7 kV/cm.

Structures of silylenoids and effects of metallic and haloid atoms on their stability

The structural characteristics of silylenoids, H2SiMX, where M = Li or Na and X = F or Cl, have been studied by ab initio calculations. H2SiMX can be represented as adducts of silylene H2Si with alkali metal halogenides, MX. The associative energies at different calculational levels of various structures of H2SiMX are given. Effects of metallic and haloid atoms on the stability of various structures of H2SiMX are also discussed in this paper.

An attempted approach to the tricyclic core of haliclonin A：Structural elucidation of the final product by 2D NMR

We describe the design and execution of a novel synthetic route to the tricyclic core of haliclonin A,a tetracyclic marine natural product.The approach features Bachi＇s thiol-medicated free radical cyclization of alkenyl isocyanide to build the bridged ring system,and ring-closing metathesis（RCM） reaction to form the macrocycle.Execution of the synthetic plan ultimately resulted in a diazatricyclic compound.By means of 2D NMR techniques,the structure of this compound was revealed to an unexpected product 8.Analysis of the synthetic pathways allowed concluding that the unexpected product is a result of an ＂unexpected＂ migration of olefinic bond during dioxolanation of the 2-cyclohexenone derivative 7.This investigation also resulted in a concise construction of the functionalized hexahydro-1H-isoindole-1,5（4H）-dione 12 and the macrocyclic tricyclic ring system 8.