Evaluation of a new nomogram for Ferrara ring segment implantation in keratoconus

AIM:To evaluate the short-term clinical outcomes of Ferrara rings in keratoconus using an optimized nomogram developed after several years of research and retrospective analysis of clinical data.METHODS:This prospective longitudinal non-comparative clinical trial evaluated 88 eyes of 88 patients(age 18-62 y)with keratoconus diagnosis from two Spanish centers.Ferrara ring segment(AJL Ophthalmic)implantation was performed in all cases,using the mechanical procedure in 25 eyes(28.4%)and a femtosecond laser-assisted procedure in 63 eyes(71.6%).The ring segments implanted in each case were selected using a new optimized nomogram that considered variables such as anterior corneal asphericity and astigmatism or the discrepancy among astigmatism and coma orientations.Visual,refractive,corneal topographic,aberrometric,and pachymetric changes after surgery were evaluated during a 3-month follow-up.RESULTS:The implants induced a significant refractive change as well as an improvement in uncorrected(UDVA)and corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA;P<0.001).Postoperative CDVA of 0.10 log MAR or better was achieved in 28.4%and 46.5%of eyes,respectively.Two eyes(2.3%)lost two or more lines of CDVA whereas a total of 53.5%of eyes gained lines of CDVA.A significant central anterior and posterior corneal flattening was induced(P≤0.003),with a significant reduction of anterior(P<0.001)and posterior corneal astigmatisms(P=0.048),and a change in anterior asphericity(P<0.001).Total primary coma(6 mm pupil)change was also statistically significant(preoperative 3.66±3.04μm vs postoperative 2.33±2.26μm,P<0.001).No significant differences were found in the effect of ring segments between cases implanted using the mechanical and femtosecond techniques(P≥0.101).CONCLUSION:The implantation of Ferrara rings based on the nomogram evaluated is safe and effective for promoting a visual rehabilitation in keratoconus,with a relevant control of primary coma aberration.

Ferrara ring segments implantation for treating keratoconus

AIM: To investigate the efficacy of Ferrara rings (FR) implantation in the treatment of keratoconus.METHODS: It was a retrospective case series descriptive study. The sample was comprised of 50 patients 79 eyes diagnosed with progressive keratoconus. This included 24 (48%) males and 26 (52%) females between the age of 13 and 44 years. All participants underwent surgical implantation of FR in the period between January 2009 and September 2010 at Jordan University Hospital. Thorough ophthalmologic examinations were applied to measure vital variables for each pathological condition before and after surgery. RESULTS: Findings indicated an overall significant postoperative improvement in both uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best spectacle corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) throughout follow up visits. Moreover, results illustrated a significant decrease in spherical equivalent (SE) and keratometric readings (lower, higher and the average). CONCLUSION: Surgical intervention strategies are being frequently developed to meet the needs of patients with keratoconus. The implantation of Ferrara rings has proven to be a safe and feasible alternative procedure for the treatment of mild-moderate keratoconus especially for patients with contact lenses intolerance. We have found that this procedure has improved visual outcomes in all eyes studied. Nevertheless, further research is needed to investigate long term outcomes.

Clinical outcomes after intrastromal corneal ring segments reoperation in keratoconus patients

AIM:To evaluate the clinical outcomes after Ferrara intrastromal corneal ring segments(ICRS)reoperation in patients with keratoconus.METHODS:A total of 37 keratoconus eyes implanted with intrastromal corneal ring segments,which had an ICRS exchange,addition,reposition or removal were evaluated.Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),keratometry(K),asphericity(Q)and pachymetry at the thinnest point(PTP)of the cornea were evaluated using a corneal tomography(Oculus Pentacam,USA)RESULTS:The mean follow-up time after the reoperation was 30.5±9.7 months.The mean UCVA improved from 20/300 to 20/80(P=0.005);the mean BCVA improved from 20/160 to 20/50(P=0.0002),the mean keratometry reduced from 49.33±4.19D to 46.16±3.90D(P=0.0001),the mean pachymetry at the thinnest point increased from 450±42.9μm to 469±40.8μm(P=0.0001).The asphericity increased from-0.84±0.74 to-0.35±0.81(P=0.15)and the spherical equivalent reduced from-4.64±4.87D to-3.04±3.45D(P=0.137).The changes in the asphericity and spherical equivalent were not statistically significant.CONCLUSION:Ferrara ICRS implantation showed to be a reversible and readjustable surgical procedure for keratoconus treatment.Good outcomes can be obtained even after removal,addition,reposition or exchange of ICRS.

Investigation of the efficiency of intrastromal ring segments with cross-linking using different sequence and timing for keratoconus

· AIM: To evaluate and compare the efficacy and stability of intrastromal corneal ring segment(ICRs)implantation with cross-linking(CXL) using different sequence and timing.· METHODS: In this single retrospective study, 86 keratoconic eyes subjected the ICRs implantation. We analyzed only 41 eyes that had complete follow-ups.They were divided into three groups: ICRs implantation was applied only(group normal), ICRs first followed by CXL immediately(group CXL-S), CXL first followed by ICRs long after(group CXL-B). The visual acuity,refractive results, keratometry were compared preoperatively and 1y postoperatively. Their differences among the three groups were also analyzed.·RESULTS: Group normal comprised 25 eyes, group CXL-S 8 eyes, and group CXL-B 8 eyes. There were improvements in the mean uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA) and the mean corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA) compared preoperatively and 1y postoperatively [UDVA: 0.31(P =0.030) logarithmic minimum angle of resolution(log MAR) group normal, 0.4(P =0.020) group CXL-S, 0.45(P =0.001) group CXL-B;CDVA : 0. 21 log MAR( P = 0. 013) group normal, 0. 30(P =0.036) group CXL-S; 0.26(P =0.000) group CXL-B].The refractive and topographic outcomes also showed improvements. In terms of comparisons among the three groups, all the P values were above 0.05, showing no significant difference. But only group CXL-B had improvement in UDVA and CDVA for all the patients.·CONCLUSION: With safety and good visual outcomes,ICRs implantation is a viable alternative for keratoconus.No significant difference was found among these three groups.

Preliminary results of a new intrastromal corneal ring segment as a tissue saving procedure in photorefractive keratectomy to correct moderate to high myopia

AIM:To evaluate the clinical results after implantation of a new intrastromal corneal ring segment(ICRS)associated with photorefractive keratectomy(PRK)to correct high myopia(HM)patients with thin corneas.METHODS:We evaluated 42 eyes of 23 HM patients that had ICRS implantation followed by PRK.The mean age of patients was 29.1±7.12 y(range 18 to 40 years old).Uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA),best corrected visual acuity(BCVA),keratometry,spherical equivalent,pachymetry,and aberrometry were compared using ANOVA with repeated measurements evaluated preoperatively and at last follow-up visit after the procedures.The refractive predictability and simulated/real corneal ablation were also assessed.RESULTS:The mean follow-up time after PRK was 6.8±1.6 mo.The mean preoperative UCVA improved from 20/800 preoperative to 20/100 after ICRS and 20/35 after PRK.The mean preoperative BCVA was 20/25(range from 20/30 to 20/20)and remained unchanged after ICRS implantation.Following the PRK the mean BCVA was 20/25(range from 20/30 to 20/20).The mean spherical equivalent decreased from-7.25±1.12(range-5.00 to-9.00)preoperatively to-3.32±1.0(range-2.00 to-5.00)postoperatively(P<0.001)after ICRS implantation and decreased from-2.44±1.51 preoperatively to 0.32±0.45(range-0.625 to 0.875)postoperatively(P<0.001)after PRK.The change in BCVA and topographic astigmatism was statistically significant(P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:ICRS in HM associated with PRK can be a tissue saving procedure and an alternative surgical option for correction of moderate to high myopia.

Artificial neural network to guide intracorneal ring segments implantation for keratoconus treatment:a pilot study

Background:To analyze the clinical results of an artificial neural network(ANN)that has been processed in order to improve the predictability of intracorneal ring segments(ICRS)implantation in keratoconus.Methods:This retrospective,comparative,nonrandomized,pilot,clinical study included a cohort of 20 keratoconic eyes implanted with intracorneal ring segments KeraRing(Mediphacos,Belo Horizonte,Brazil)using the ANN(ANN group)and 20 keratoconic eyes implanted with KeraRing using the manufacturer’s nomograms(nomogram group).Uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)(visual acuity is expressed in decimal value and in LogMAR value in brackets),manifest refraction,corneal topography,tomography,aberrometry,pachymetry and volume analysis(Sirius System.CSO,Firenze,Italy)were performed during the preoperative visit;and the two groups,ANN group and nomogram group,did not differ significantly preoperatively in all of the parameters evaluated.These preoperative values were compared with the results obtained at the third-month visit.Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon test were used for the statistical analyses.Results:The spherical equivalent and the keratometric values decreased significantly in both groups.The CDVA improved from 0.60±0.23(0.22 LogMAR)pre-operatively to 0.73±0.21(0.14 LogMAR)post-operatively in the ANN group(p<0.005),and from 0.54±0.19(0.27 LogMAR)pre-operatively to 0.62±0.19(0.21 LogMAR)post-operatively in the nomogram group(p<0.01),with statistically significant difference between the two groups(p<0.05),being better in the ANN group.Coma-like aberrations decreased significantly in the ANN group,while in the nomogram group they did not change significantly,but no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups.Conclusions:ANN to guide ICRS provides an increase in the visual acuity,reduction in the spherical equivalent and improvement in the optical quality of keratoconus patients.ANN gives better results when compared with the manufacturer’s nomograms in terms of better corrected vision and reduction of the coma-like aberrations.The constant inclusion of new cases will make the predictability of ANN increasingly better as the software finetunes its learning.

Artificial neural network to guide intracorneal ring segments implantation for keratoconus treatment:a pilot study

Background:To analyze the clinical results of an artificial neural network(ANN)that has been processed in order to improve the predictability of intracorneal ring segments(ICRS)implantation in keratoconus.Methods:This retrospective,comparative,nonrandomized,pilot,clinical study included a cohort of 20 keratoconic eyes implanted with intracorneal ring segments KeraRing(Mediphacos,Belo Horizonte,Brazil)using the ANN(ANN group)and 20 keratoconic eyes implanted with KeraRing using the manufacturer's nomograms(nomogram group).Uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA)(visual acuity is expressed in decimal value and in logMAR value in brackets),manifest refraction,corneal topography,tomography,aberrometry,pachymetry and volume analysis(Sirius System,CSO,Firenze,Italy)were performed during the preoperative visit;and the two groups,ANN group and nomogram group,did not differ significantly preoperatively in all of the parameters evaluated.These preoperative values were compared with the results obtained at the third-month visit.Mann-Whitney test and Wilcox on test were used for the statistical analyses.Results:The spherical equivalent and the keratometric values decreased significantly in both groups.The CDVA improved from 0.60±0.23(0.22 logMAR)preoperatively to 0.73±0.21(0.14 logMAR)postoperatively in the ANN group(P<0.005),and from 0.54±0.19(0.27 logMAR)preoperatively to 0.62±0.19(0.21 logMAR)postoperatively in the nomogram group(P<0.01),with statistically significant difference between the two groups(P<0.05),being better in the ANN group.Coma-like aberrations decreased significantly in the ANN group,while in the nomogram group they did not change significantly,but no statistically significant difference was found between the two groups.Con elusions:ANN to guide ICRS provides an increase in the visual acuity,reduction in the spherical equivalent and improvement in the optical quality of keratoconus patients.ANN gives better results when compared with the manu facturer's no mograms in terms of better corrected vision and reduction of the coma-like aberrations.The constant inclusion of new cases will make the predictability of ANN increasingly better as the software finetunes its learning.

The number of intracorneal ring segments in asymmetric and central cones

Background:To compare the results of single versus double intracorneal ring segment(ICRS)(KeraRing)implantation in keratoconus with respect to different cone locations.Methods:Twenty-two eyes of 18 patients with totally asymmetric cones(20-80%or 0-100%distribution along steep axis)were implanted with single ICRS(Group 1),38 eyes of 32 patients with central or partially asymmetric cones(50-50%or 40-60%distribution along steep axis)were implanted with double ICRS(Group 2),at a depth of 80%of the site of implantation,in channels created with femtosecond laser device.All patients had uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuities(UDVA and CDVA,respectively)of≤0.3 Snellen lines.Results:In both groups,patients had median UDVA and CDVA gain of 3 Snellen lines(P>0.05).Postoperative improvement in indices of vertical asymmetry and height decentration in Group 1;simulated keratometry,corneal astigmatism and anterior corneal asphericity values in Group 2 were greater(P<0.05).A total of 10 eyes(45.5%)in Group 1 were recommended double ring implantation by the manufacturer’s nomogram,but underwent single ICRS implantation and achieved visual,refractive,tomographic outcomes comparable to that in Group 2,although corneal cylindrical correction was less and final topographic astigmatism was greater.Conclusion:Double ICRS implantation seems to be superior in terms of keratometry,corneal astigmatism and anterior corneal asphericity improvement.Single ICRS implantation in totally asymmetric cones seems to provide satisfactory visual,refractive and tomographic results,similar to double ICRS implantation in central and partially asymmetric cones,by inducing central shift of the cone.

大直径盾构隧道纵向刚度增强措施研究

为研究不同环缝接头结构对盾构隧道纵向刚度的增强效果,采用等效连续化模型计算得到断面直径对隧道纵向拉压、纵向抗剪和纵向抗弯刚度的影响规律,将隧道纵向刚度增强措施与管片环缝接头结构相联系,采用数值模拟深入探究了9种环缝接头结构的力学性能,对比得到增强隧道纵向刚度效果最优的环缝接头结构。结果表明:直径对纵向拉压和纵向抗弯刚度影响较小,对纵向抗剪刚度影响较大;环缝接头刚度增强措施能够显著减小管片位移,提高隧道纵向刚度,提升效果为:斜螺栓>弯螺栓,定位榫>剪力销>凹凸榫;螺栓型式和纵向刚度增强措施均对螺栓最大剪切应力有较大影响,竖向荷载下受螺栓型式影响较大,水平向荷载下受管片环缝接头刚度增强措施影响较大;结合经济性和有效性,当接头螺栓为弯螺栓时,设置定位榫是一种相对较优的选择。

盾尾密封失效诱发砂土地基盾构管片环失稳坍塌研究

盾构管片环失稳坍塌案例时有发生,探究其失稳坍塌发生条件对于预防重大安全事故发生具有重要意义。基于Midas GTS建立30环考虑环缝螺栓作用的荷载−结构计算模型,从盾尾管片环地基掏空和盾尾姿态突变2个方面探讨盾构管片环结构失稳破坏过程及失稳坍塌的发生条件。结果表明:盾尾渗漏使盾尾壳体失去了周围地基的有效约束作用,盾尾发生前仰后俯的姿态变化,隧道结构发生横向“横鸭蛋”和纵向挠曲变形,最终导致部分管片环坍塌。盾尾下沉位移是诱发管片环失稳坍塌的主要因素,盾尾下沉导致隧道纵向变形快速发展,快于盾尾渗漏引起管片环周围地基掏空所导致的隧道纵向变形。当盾尾下沉位移大于0.50 m且掏空范围大于5环、盾尾下沉位移大于0.45 m且掏空范围大于10环、盾尾下沉位移大于0.40 m且掏空范围大于11环时,环缝最大张开量超过单根螺栓极限应力时的环缝张开量47.43 mm,部分纵向螺栓被拉断,管片外水土发生喷射,加快管片环外砂土快速流失。当盾尾下沉位移大于0.5 m且掏空范围大于9环时,环缝最大张开量超过65.2 mm,管片环椭圆率超过46.1‰,最终诱发多环管片环失稳坍塌。研究结果可为盾尾渗漏诱发的重大安全风险评判提供参考。

环端面不平整条件下衬砌管片抗剪承载特性研究

在衬砌管片拼装过程中难免出现环端面不平整(或环缝间垫片局部脱空)的情形,进而在顶推力作用下管片容易产生局部开裂破损,严重时甚至危及衬砌结构安全。鉴于此,以衬砌管片抗剪原型试验为基础,在ABAQUS数值分析平台上建立P2型标准块管片的精细化模型,管片上部设置千斤顶靴板,底部设置垫片并使右侧垫片脱空。在靴板上逐级施加均布荷载,以分析局部脱空情况下衬砌管片在逐级顶推力作用下的力学响应,探讨环端面不平整条件下衬砌管片的裂缝发展过程及抗剪承载特性。数值模拟结果表明:顶推力加载至850 kN,管片脱空端竖向位移达到2 mm,管片内弧面上部出现第1道裂缝,内置钢筋仍处于弹性阶段;加载至1120 kN,脱空端竖向位移达到6 mm,内弧面上出现2道新裂缝,同时第1道裂缝进一步扩展形成内外贯穿性裂缝,即管片裂缝发展过程大致为内弧面→上环端面→外弧面,且裂缝附近上层纵向钢筋达到屈服强度;考虑到内外贯穿裂缝给衬砌管片带来较大渗漏水隐患,认为P2型标准块管片的抗剪承载力(即屈服荷载)约为1120 kN。将数值模拟结果与原型试验结果进行对比,二者所得管片裂缝分布与扩展规律大致一致,抗剪承载力基本相符,验证了数值模拟结果的可靠性。研究成果可为盾构隧道的衬砌设计与掘进施工提供参考依据。

电力隧道渗漏水成因分析及治理措施研究

电力隧道内电缆数量较多,电缆及其他电力设施对水非常敏感,如果积水淹没电缆(尤其是电缆接头部位),可能会造成事故和损失。文章详细分析了暗挖、盾构等结构形式隧道的渗漏水成因,对管片、环梁、沉降缝、墙体及管孔等部位渗漏水治理措施进行研究,提出了针对性的治理建议并进行了试点应用,为电力隧道渗漏水治理工作提供参考。

改进UNet++的杉木CT图像年轮分割

为解决裂纹、虫孔和节子等缺陷影响下的年轮准确分割问题。以医疗CT为实验设备,重构125张杉木横切面CT图像为研究对象,经裁切、旋转、翻转等预处理实现数据扩充,提出改进UNet++模型用于年轮分割。改进UNet++模型采用增加卷积块、下采样层、跳跃连接和上采样层的方式,将学习深度增加至6层,以BCEWithLogitsLoss和ReLU分别作为损失函数和激活函数,RMSProp作为优化函数,对杉木横切面CT图像进行年轮分割,并对年轮分割性能进行评价。结果显示:改进UNet++模型对于杉木横切面CT图像的年轮分割的像素准确率为97.81%,骰子系数为98.89%,交并比为95.29%,平均交并比为84.75%,充分提取杉木年轮特征,分割效果最好。与U-Net模型和UNet++模型相比,改进UNet++模型在多数年轮被裂纹和虫孔切割,无法形成完整圆形闭合曲线的条件下,使分割的年轮具有很好的完整性和连续性,消除分割过程中的断裂和噪声现象;年轮分割结果不受裂纹、节子、虫孔等缺陷影响,结构非常清晰,有效解决多种缺陷干扰下的虫孔误分割和密集年轮欠分割等问题。

Clinical outcomes after implantation of a new intrastromal corneal ring with 140-degree of arc in patients with corneal ectasia

AIM：To evaluate the clinical and tomographic outcomes after implantation of a new intrastromal corneal ring segment（ICRS） with 140-degrees of arc in eyes with corneal ectasia.METHODS：We evaluated patients with corneal ectasia implanted with Ferrara 140° ICRS from April 2010 to February 2015.Outcome measures included preoperative and postoperative corrected distance visual acuity（CDVA）,keratometry simulated（K） reading,tomographic astigmatism and asphericity.All patients were evaluated using the Pentacam Scheimpflug system.RESULTS：The study evaluated 58 eyes.The mean followup was 16.81±10.8 mo.The CDVA（logM AR） improved from 0.5±0.20（20/60） to 0.3±0.21（20/40）（P〈0.01）.The average K reduced from 49.87±7.01 to 47.34±4.90 D（P〈0.01）.The asphericity changed from-0.60±0.86 to-0.23±0.67 D（P〈0.01）.The mean preoperative tomographic astigmatism decreased from-8.0±3.45 to-4.53±2.52 D（P〈0.01）.CONCLUSION：The new ICRS model with 140-degrees of arc effectively improve the visual acuity and reduce the high astigmatism usually found in patients with corneal ectasia.

盾构隧道超近间距下穿运营盾构隧道管片环变形规律研究

为研究盾构下穿既有盾构隧道施工过程中既有隧道管片环分块变形规律,依托北京地铁19号线盾构近距离下穿7号线既有盾构隧道的工程实例,采用FLAC3D软件建立考虑管片分块拼装的三维计算模型,并结合实时监测技术对盾构穿越过程中既有隧道管片环分块变形进行监测。研究结果表明:在盾构近距离下穿既有线施工过程中,既有线管片沉降呈现“双峰式”,且新建隧道先行盾构上方既有隧道管片沉降更大;既有线管片整体向新建隧道掘进方向偏移,管片环分块水平位移程度在不同点位表现出差异化,其中各环两侧管片的水平位移最为明显且互相对称,拱顶和拱底仅发生整体偏移;既有隧道受后行盾构掘进影响时间较先行盾构更长,引起既有线管片向开挖方向偏移量更大,引发的管片水平位移也更加显著。既有线在发生整体偏移的同时,管片向两侧发生水平位移,最终管片水平位移表现取决于管片整体朝下穿隧道掘进方向的偏移量与管片环自身形变的叠加作用。

护盾式TBM隧道管片壁后豆砾石分布规律

作为管片与围岩间的连接层,TBM隧道中的豆砾石对管片受力具有重要意义。受施工技术、地质条件等影响,豆砾石填充不密实、分布不均匀的现象时常发生,导致管片出现错台、开裂、渗漏水等灾害,故探明豆砾石分布特征是分析管片受力的基础。对此,依托青岛地铁TBM隧道项目,采用地质雷达对管片壁后豆砾石分布特征进行现场测试,并进行单环管片豆砾石吹填数值模拟,分析了隧道直行段、转弯段豆砾石在管片壁后的迁移过程,讨论了地质条件、吹填压力、塌方等因素对吹填质量的影响规律。结果表明:在TBM隧道施工中,拱顶、隧底及转弯段外侧下部为豆砾石空洞多发部位,拱顶与隧底空洞长度大于1m,主要表现为层间脱空,转弯段外侧下部豆砾石空洞规模较小且不密实;地质条件越差,豆砾石出现空洞的概率及规模越大,强风化地层表现最为明显;塌方通过阻碍豆砾石迁移路径、增加碰撞耗能影响豆砾石吹填质量,但影响范围仅在塌方处;提升豆砾石吹填压力可以改善拱顶和隧底豆砾石填充状态,地质条件越好,改善程度越明显,强风化地层豆砾石吹填质量改善不明显;管片壁后豆砾石空洞按照形成原因分为3类:碰撞耗能、塌方掉块和转弯段间隙变小,并给出了3类空洞的多发部位、特征及施工控制建议。

盾构法联络通道中提高切削效率的管片弱化研究

盾构法联络通道施工中因洞口处临时管片难以切削,施工中存在掘进周期长、盾机姿态难控制、涌水涌砂风险高等问题,但是关于此问题解决方案的研究目前还很缺乏。因此,本文以天津某地铁盾构法联络通道项目为背景,在保证结构施工及使用期间安全性的基础上,从弱化临时管片的角度出发,提出了3种弱化方式,分别为降低待切管片砼强度等级、减少玻璃纤维筋布筋量以及管片打孔,并利用有限元数值模拟对弱化的可能性及影响进行了研究。结果表明:(1)在3种弱化方式下,特殊衬砌环内力变化规律均为切削区内力减小,钢管片区内力增大,普通衬砌环的内力小幅度提高;(2)临时管片砼强度由C40降到C20后对衬砌环内力影响在15%以内,其中钢管片区内力增加量在5%以内;(3)主筋量减少70%以内对管片内力影响在2%以内;(4)管片内侧打孔使切削区弯矩降低30%左右,孔径与孔深尺寸相同变化量情况下,孔径对于内力影响大于孔深;(5)不同弱化方式弱化后的结构内力均在极限承载范围之内,3种弱化方式均可采用,从施工便利性和安全性角度来看,临时管片砼强度降低方案为最优方案。

地下环路交织区合理长度计算方法

为优化地下环路设计,本文从通行能力着手,结合交通仿真分析,对地下环路交织区长度进行研究。首先,基于多个影响因素构建了计算方法,并对各参数进行了标定;接着,通过Vissim仿真软件和间接安全评价模型(SSAM)对所建方法进行了检验;最后给出了一般情况下地下环路交织区长度的建议值。结果表明:仿真与计算方法所得结果误差小于4.2%,证明了所建方法的有效性;对比原项目和所建方法所得设计,后者交通冲突率降低73.2%,证明所建方法得到的交织区长度更为合理;建设地下环路后,车辆行程时间最高缩短了39.6%,延误情况缩短至2 s内,排队长度最大缩短了88.1 m,表明运用所建方法建设地下环路具有较高可行性。依据所建方法进行交织区长度设计能够提高地下环路交通安全水平,缓解城市核心区的拥堵情况。

TBM有压输水隧洞内张钢圈-管片-围岩组合结构联合承载力学特性分析

为探究全断面隧道岩石掘进机(tunnel boring machine,TBM)有压输水隧洞内张钢圈-管片-围岩组合结构的受荷状态,以榕江―关埠引水工程中Ⅴ类围岩TBM有压输水隧洞段为研究对象,建立内张钢圈-管片-围岩组合结构三维精细化有限元模型,研究内水压力、围岩类型对组合结构力学特性的影响。研究结果表明:采用内张钢圈加固隧洞结构能有效控制隧洞变形,减小管片拉应力及受拉区范围,提高组合结构的承载能力;内水压力作用下管片压应力、竖向变形、接缝张开度、连接螺栓应力、内张钢圈应力、锚杆应力均较无内水压力作用下有所减小,但管片拉应力和接缝错台分别增大了19.68%、39.25%,其主要原因为内水压力作用致使隧洞结构整体呈现向外膨胀,在充水运营期间应加强内水压力作用下的安全监测;在外部水土压力和内水压力共同作用下,围岩类型的改变使组合结构中连接螺栓应力、管片接缝错台、锚杆应力分别提高37.11%、15.29%、14.75%,其主要原因为围岩岩性越差承担荷载能力越弱,在围岩类型的过渡区域应进行重点监测;此外,在外部水土压力和内水压力共同作用下,组合结构中围岩、管片、内张钢圈、锚杆的荷载分担率分别为21.38%、43.08%、24.01%和11.53%,内张钢圈荷载分担率较无内水压力作用提高了34.06%,内水压力作用提高了内张钢圈分担荷载的效果;组合结构中围岩的分担率随围岩类型(Ⅲ类、Ⅳ类、Ⅴ类)的增加而减小,相同荷载下Ⅲ类围岩的荷载分担率较Ⅴ类围岩提高了16.96%。该研究成果可为类似隧洞工程的衬砌设计及后期加固措施提供理论参考。

基于有限元模拟分析法的受损管片修复加固技术

盾构管片作为隧道的重要屏障对结构的安全起重要作用。虽然目前盾构工程形成了较为成熟的结构设计理论和工程实践体系,但地铁盾构隧道施工的质量受地面的堆载、周边基坑开挖、地下水源丰富等周边环境以及掘进施工等影响,仍存在一些尚待解决的问题,主要是管片环与环、块与块之间易产生的质量问题,如管片的渗漏、裂缝、错台、崩缺等,进而导致隧道渗漏或破裂等病害,简单的修补管片强度无法满足要求。本文以广州市轨道交通十一号线及同步实施工程总承包项目广建分部土建工程大塘站~石榴岗站盾构区间为依托,通过分析传统盾构隧道管片损坏修复方法,研发出基于有限元模拟分析法的受损管片修复加固技术,采用有限元法对隧道受损管片进行分析和计算,并在受损区域进行钢环加固施工,提高隧道结构在后续使用工况下的安全性。实践结果表明,采用本技术进行施工,加固后的衬砌结构安全性系数(R/S)大大提高,且管片裂缝宽度均满足要求,可为其他类似工程提供参考。