In-Line Inspection of Pipeline Defects Detection Using Ring-Type Laser

Pipeline plays a vital role in transporting fluids like oils, water, and petrochemical substances for longer distances. Based on the materials they carry, prolonged usage may cause the initiation of defects in the pipeline. These defects occur due to the formed salt deposits, chemical reaction happens between the inner surface and the transferring substance, prevailing environmental conditions, etc. These defects, if not identified earlier may lead to significant losses to the industry. In this work, an in-line inspection system utilizes the nondestructive way for analyzing the internal defects in the petrochemical pipeline. This system consists of a pipeline inspection robot having two major units namely the visual inspection unit and the power carrier unit. The visual inspection unit makes use of a ring-type laser diode and the camera. The laser diode serves as a light source for capturing good quality images of inspection. This unit is controlled by the Arduino in the power carrier unit which provides the necessary movement throughout the pipe. The inspected images captured by the camera are further processed with the aid of NI vision assistant software. After applying the processing function parameters provided by this software, the defect location can be clearly visualized with high precision. Three sets of defects are introduced in a Polylactide (PLA) pipe based on its position and angle along the circumference of the pipe. Further, this robot system serves as a real-time interactive image synchronization system for acquiring the inspected images. By comparing the actual and calculated defect size, the error percentage obtained was less than 5%.

Characterization of a Novel RING-Type Ubiquitin E3 Ligase GhRING2 Differentially Expressed in Cotton Fiber

The ubiquitin-proteasome proteolysis pathway is responsible for the degradation of abnormal and short-lived proteins to regulate many important biochemical activities in eukaryotes. By employing affymetrix microarray analysis, we have identified a novel ubiquitin ligase E3 gene GhRING2 that is differentially expressed between two Gossypium hirsutum lines-Texas Marker-1 (TM-1) and Chromosome Substitution Line CS-B25. The CS-B25 line has chromosome 25 from G. barbadense substituted into TM-1. The complete nucleotide sequences of GhRING2 along with its 5’-flanking region were obtained by genomic walking. GhRING2 was highly expressed in elongating fiber, and GUS expression directed by the GhRING2 promoter was found in hypocotyls and young stems of transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Using a yeast two-hybrid assay GhRING2 was found to interact with a PROTODERMAL FACTOR1 (GhPDF1) protein. GhPDF1 was expressed preferentially in immature ovules and fiber initials, and the GhPDF1 gene had been suggested to play a role in cell fate determination and fiber development. Pull down and plasmid swap assays further confirmed the interaction between GhRING2 and GhPDF1. The expression and protein interaction data indicate that GhRING2 may be involved in the turnover of GhPDF1 and participation in the transition from initiation to elongation stages during fiber development. Our data strongly suggest that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway may regulate cotton fiber growth and development. The nucleotide sequence data of GhRING2 in this article have been submitted to the Gen Bank Nucleotide Sequence Data Bases under the accession number BankIt 1,742,008 SeqKM 108,000.

斜套管型10 kV环网柜电缆头与套管故障分析及改进探讨

在城市化程度越来越高的今天,城区的土地资源越来越紧张,户外安装的环网柜对于占地要求越来越高。一种占地面积更小及更加便于安装的斜套管型10 kV环网柜应运而生。通过一段时间的运行,该型环网柜体现出制作电缆头方便,占地面积小等优势,但同时该型环网柜的故障呈现出一些特征。本文探讨斜套管型10 kV环网柜电缆头与套管故障分析和改进方法。

用意大和VEI公司箱式环网开关站提高供电可靠性

为美化城市环境,提高供电可靠性,电缆和开关站的应用越来趟广泛,因此,科学、合理的箱式环网站的设计与选型对今后的运行将产生巨大的影响,反之,将严重危胁电网的安全运行。为此,对箱式环网开关站存在的优缺点进行了充分的论证,并提出了合理的解决办法。

基于神经网络的环网柜T型连接头导体温度测量

电缆T型连接头是环网柜的重要设备,当接头内部导体温度过高时,易引起绝缘保护套老化甚至损坏。基于RBF神经网络模型,提出了一种新型非接触式环网柜T型电缆接头温度在线监测方法,无需考虑电缆接头的热物性参数,可准确、快速地测算内部导体温度。测试数据表明:稳态时温度误差在小于2.1℃,相对误差小于2.7%;暂态时温度误差在小于6℃,相对误差小于5.6%。对环网柜的运行管理以及相关工程实践具有参考意义。