New method of local adjuvant therapy with bicarbonate Ringer’s solution for tumoral calcinosis: A case report

BACKGROUND Tumoral calcinosis is a condition characterized by deposits of calcium phosphate crystals in extra-articular soft tissues,occurring in hemodialysis patients.Calcium phosphate crystals are mainly composed of hydroxyapatite,which is highly infilt-rative to tissues,thus making complete resection difficult.An adjuvant method to remove or resolve the residual crystals during the operation is necessary.CASE SUMMARY A bicarbonate Ringer’s solution with bicarbonate ions(28 mEq/L)was used as the adjuvant.After resecting calcium phosphate deposits of tumoral calcinosis as much as possible,while filling with the solution,residual calcium phosphate deposits at the pseudocyst wall can be gently scraped by fingers or gauze in the operative field.A 49-year-old female undergoing hemodialysis for 15 years had swelling with calcium deposition for 2 years in the shoulders,bilateral hip joints,and the right foot.A shoulder lesion was resected,but the calcification remained and early re-deposition was observed.Considering the difficulty of a complete rection,we devised a bicarbonate dissolution method and excised the foot lesion.After resection of the calcified material,the residual calcified material was washed away with bicarbonate Ringer’s solution.CONCLUSION The bicarbonate dissolution method is a new,simple,and effective treatment for tumoral calcinosis in hemodialysis patients.

Dynamics of vascular volume and hemodilution of lactated Ringer’s solution in patients during induction of general and epidural anesthesia

Objective： To investigate the dynamics of vascular volume and the plasma dilution of lactated Ringer＇s solution in patients during the induction of general and epidural anesthesia. Methods： The hemodilution of i.v. infusion of 1000 ml of lactated Ringer＇s solution over 60 min was studied in patients undergoing general （n=31） and epidural （n= 22） anesthesia. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure and hemoglobin （Hb） concentration were measured every 5 rain during the study. Surgery was not started until the study period had been completed. Results： General anesthesia caused the greater decrease of mean arterial blood pressure （MAP） （mean 15% versus 9%; P〈0.01） and thereby followed by a more pronounced plasma dilution, blood volume expansion （VE） and blood volume expansion efficiency （VEE）. A strong linear correlation between hemodilution and the reduction in MAP （r=-0.50;P〈0.01） was found. At the end of infusion, patients undergoing general anesthesia retained 47% （SD 19%） of the infused fluid in the circulation, while epidural anesthesia retained 29% （SD 13%） （P〈0.001）. Correspondingly, a fewer urine output （mean 89 ml versus 156 ml; P〈0.05） and extravascular expansion （454 ml versus 551 ml; P〈0.05） were found during general anesthesia. Conclusion： We concluded that the induction of general anesthesia caused more hemodilution, volume expansion and volume expansion efficiency than epidural anesthesia, which was triggered only by the lower MAP.

Fluid resuscitation in acute pancreatitis: Normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution?

AIM: To investigate whether administration of Ringer's solution(RL) could have an impact on the outcome of acute pancreatitis(AP).METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on 103 patients [68 men and 35 women,mean age 51.2 years(range,19-92 years)] hospitalized between 2011 and 2012. All patients admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior(Poland) with a diagnosis of AP who had disease onset within 48 h of presentation were included in this study. Based on the presence of persistent organ failure(longer than 48 h) as a criterion for the diagnosis of severe AP(SAP) and the presence of local complications [diagnosis of moderately severe AP(MSAP)],patients were classified into 3 groups: mild AP(MAP),MSAP and SAP. Data were compared between the groups in terms of severity(using the revised Atlanta criteria) and outcome. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the type of fluid resuscitation: the 1-RL group who underwent standard fluid resuscitation with a RL 1000 m L solution or the 2-NS group who underwent standard fluid resuscitation with 1000 m L normal saline(NS). All patients from both groups received an additional 5% glucose solution(1000-1500 m L) and a multi-electrolyte solution(500-1000 m L).RESULTS: We observed 64(62.1%) patients with MAP,26(25.24%) patients with MSAP and 13(12.62%) patients with SAP. No significant difference in the distribution of AP severity between the two groups was found. In the 1-RL group,we identified 22(55.5%) MAP,10(25.5%) MSAP and 8(20.0%) SAP patients,compared with 42(66.7%) MAP,16(24.4%) MSAP and 5(7.9%) SAP cases in the 2-NS group(P = 0.187). The volumes of fluid administered during the initial 72-h period of hospitalization were similar among the patients from both the 1-RL and 2-NS groups(mean 3400 m L vs 3000 m L,respectively). No significant differences between the 1-RL and 2-NS groups were found in confirmed pancreatic necrosis [10 patients(25%) vs 12 patients(19%),respectively,P = 0.637]. There were no statistically significant differences between the 1-RL and 2-NS groups in the percentage of patients who required enteral nutrition(23 patients vs 17 patients,respectively,P = 0.534). Logistic regression analysis confirmed these findings(OR = 1.344,95%CI: 0.595-3.035,P = 0.477). There were no significant differences between the 1-RL and 2-NS groups in mortality and the duration of hospital stay(median of 9 d for both groups,P = 0.776).CONCLUSION: Our study failed to find any evidence that the administration of RL in the first days of AP leads to improved clinical outcomes.

Evaluation of electrochemical impedance and biocorrosion characteristics of as-cast and T4 heat treated AZ91 Mg-alloys in Ringer’s solution

The present study aims at understanding the electrochemical impedance and biocorrosion characteristics of AZ91 Mg-alloy in Ringer’s solution.As-cast AZ91 Mg-alloy was subjected to T4 heat treatment in a way to homogenize its microstructure by dissolving most of theβ-Mg 17 Al 12 phase at the vicinity of grain boundaries.The electrochemical impedance and biocorrosion performances of these two different microstructures(as-cast and T4 heat treated AZ91 Mg-alloys)in Ringer solution were evaluated by electrochemical impendence spectroscopy,potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss method.EIS spectra showed that both microstructures exhibit similar dynamic response as a function of the immersion time;however,the value of impedance and maximum phase angle are about 50%higher in as-cast AZ91 Mg-alloy as compared to that of homogenized AZ91 Mg-alloy.Weight loss measurement indicated that corrosion resistance of as-cast AZ91 was significantly better than that of homogenized AZ91.Microstructural and XRD analysis revealed that as-cast AZ91 contains a passive film of MgCO_(3)and CaCO_(3)precipitates with near spherical morphologies,whereas homogenized AZ91 comprised mainly unstable Mg(OH)_(2)film featured by irregular plate-like morphologies.

Existence of Monotone Positive Solution for a Fourth-Order Three-Point BVP with Sign-Changing Green’s Function

This paper is concerned with the following fourth-order three-point boundary value problem , where , we discuss the existence of positive solutions to the above problem by applying to the fixed point theory in cones and iterative technique.

Electrochemical behaviour of commercially pure titanium and Co-Cr alloy in Ringer's solution

The electrochemical behaviors of commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) and Co-Cralloy in Ringer's solution have been investigated. The results indicate that the electric potentialof passive region for CP Ti is up to 3000 mV, and its passive current density is 3.078 μA/cm^2.The excellent corrosion resistance of CP Ti can be attributed to the formation of TiO_2 oxide film.The passive region of Co-Cr alloy is 770 mV, which is narrower than that of CP Ti. However, nohysteresis loops are found in the reverse scanning curves of Cu-Cr alloy. A complex oxide film ofCo_3O_4, Co_2O_3, and Cr_2O_3 formed on the surface provides Co-Cr alloy with a stableelectrochemistry property. The corrosion rates of the crevice samples increase with the pH value ofmedium decreasing. The electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA) analysis indicates that Ti in CP Ti andCo, Cr in Co-Cr alloy dissolve in crevice area due to the Sealed-Cell effect.

Soliton solution and interaction property for a coupled modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) system

Hirota＇s bilinear direct method is applied to constructing soliton solutions to a special coupled modified Korteweg- de Vries （mKdV） system. Some physical properties such as the spatiotemporal evolution, waveform structure, interactive phenomena of solitons are discussed, especially in the two-soliton case. It is found that different interactive behaviours of solitary waves take place under different parameter conditions of overtaking collision in this system. It is verified that the elastic interaction phenomena exist in this （1＋1）-dimensional integrable coupled model.

Exact Solutions for Einstein＇s Hyperbolic Geometric Flow

In this paper we investigate the Einstein＇s hyperbolic geometric flow and obtain some interesting exact solutions for this kind of flow. Many interesting properties of these exact solutions have also been analyzed and we believe that these properties of Einstein＇s hyperbolic geometric flow are very helpful to understanding the Einstein equations and the hyperbolic geometric flow.

A NECESSARY AND SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR GLOBAL EXISTENCE OF CLASSICAL SOLUTIONS TO CAUCHY PROBLEM OF QUASILINEAR HYPERBOLIC SYSTEMS IN DIAGONAL FORM

This article considers Cauchy problem for quasilinear hyperbolic systems in diagonal form. A necessary and sufficient condition in guaranteeing that Cauchy problem admits a unique global classical solution on t ≥ 0 is obtained, and a sharp estimate of the life span for the classical solution is given.

HOMOCLINIC SOLUTIONS FOR A CLASS OF SECOND ORDER NEUTRAL FUNCTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL SYSTEMS

By means of an extension of Mawhin＇s continuation theorem and some analysis methods, the existence of a set with 2kT-periodic solutions for a class of second order neutral functional differential systems is studied, and then the homoclinic solutions are obtained as the limit points of a certain subsequence of the above set.

Soliton Solutions of Coupled KdV System from Hirota's Bilinear Direct Method

With Hirota＇s bilinear direct method, we study the special coupled KdV system to obtain its new soliton solutions. Then we further discuss soliton evolution, corresponding structures, and interesting interactive phenomena in detail with plot. As a result, we find that after the interaction, the solitons make elastic collision and there are no exchanges of their physical quantities including energy, velocity and shape except the phase shift.

Symmetry Reductions and Group-Invariant Solutions of (2+1)-Dimensional Caudrey-Dodd-Gibbon-Kotera-Sawada Equation

With the aid of symbolic computation, we present the symmetry transformations of the (2+1)-dimensionalCaudrey-Dodd Gibbon-Kotera-Sawada equation with Lou's direct method that is based on Lax pairs. Moreover, withthe symmetry transformations we obtain the Lie point symmetries of the CDGKS equation, and reduce the equation withthe obtained symmetries. As a result, three independent reductions are presented and some group-invariant solutions ofthe equation are given.

ON MULTIPLE SOLUTIONS TO A LOW-SPECTRUM MODEL OF OCEANIC CURRENT DRIVEN BY THE BOUNDARY FORCE——THE BIMODALITY OF THE KUROSHIO SOUTH OF JAPAN

This low-spectrun medel study on the multiple solutions to a nonlinear quasi-geostrophic ocanic cur-rent equation shows that they depend on the combination of Ro, Re, λ and ε, that the bimedaity of theKuroshio depends strongly on the nonlinear effect represented by Ro and λ, and that its occurrenceprobability is reduced by the dissipation represented by Re and ε. The stability of solutions is discussed indetail with Hurwitz’s theory.

Numerical Solution of Constrained Mechanical System Motions Equations and Inverse Problems of Dynamics

In this paper the method of design of kinematical and dynamical equations of mechanical systems, applied to numerical ealization, is proposed. The corresponding difference equations, which are obtained, give a guarantee of computations with a given precision. The equations of programmed constraints and those of constraint perturbations are defined. The stability of the programmed manifold for numerical solutions of the kinematical and dynamical equations is obtained by corresponding construction of the constraint perturbation equations. The dynamical equations of system with programmed constraints are set up in the form of Lagrange’s equations in generalized coordinates. Certain inverse problems of rigid body dynamics are examined.

AN ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL DIFFRACTION OF PLANE P-WAVES BY A HEMISPHERICAL ALLUVIAL VALLEY WITH SATURATED SOIL DEPOSITS

An analytical solution for the three-dimensional scattering and diffraction of plane P-waves by a hemispherical alluvial valley with saturated soil deposits is developed by employing Fourier-Bessel series expansion technique. Unlike previous studies, in which the saturated soil deposits were simulated with the single-phase elastic theory, in this paper, they are simulated with Biot＇s dynamic theory for saturated porous media, and the half space is assumed as a single-phase elastic medium. The effects of the dimensionless frequency, the incidence angle of P-wave and the porosity of soil deposits on the surface displacement magnifications of the hemispherical alluvial valley are investigated. Numerical results show that the existence of a saturated hemispherical alluvial valley has much influence on the surface displacement magnifications. It is more reasonable to simulate soil deposits with Biot＇s dynamic theory when evaluating the displacement responses of a hemispherical alluvial valley with an incidence of P-waves.

Analytical solutions for constant-rate test in bounded confined aquifers with non-Darcian effect

This paper proposes a simplified analytical solution considering non-Darcian and wellbore storage effect to investigate the pumping flow in a confined aquifer with barrier and recharge boundaries.The mathematical modelling for the pumping-induced flow in aquifers with different boundaries is developed by employing image-well theory with the superposition principle,of which the non-Darcian effect is characterized by Izbash’s equation.The solutions are derived by Boltzmann and dimensionless transformations.Then,the non-Darcian effect and wellbore storage are especially investigated according to the proposed solution.The results show that the aquifer boundaries have non-negligible effects on pumping,and ignoring the wellbore storage can lead to an over-estimation of the drawdown in the first 10 minutes of pumping.The higher the degree of non-Darcian,the smaller the drawdown.

Prediction of Activity Coefficients for Mixed Aqueous Electrolyte Solutions from the Data of Their Binary Solutions

The simple equation relating the activity coefficient of each solute in mixed electrolyte solution to its value in binary solutions under isopiestic equilibrium was tested by comparison with the experimental data for the 18 electrolyte solutions consisting of 1：1, 1：2, and 1：3 electrolytes. The isopiestic measurements were made on the quaternary system BaCl2-NH4Br-NaI-H2O and its ternary subsystems NaI-NH4Br-H2O, NaI-BaCl2-H2O, and NH4Br-BaCl2-H2O at 298.15K. The results were used to test the applicability of the Zdanovskii＇s rule to the mixed electrolyte solutions which contain no common ions, and the agreement is excellent. The activity coefficients of the solutes in the above quaternary and ternary systems calculated from the above-mentioned simple equation are in good agreement with the Pitzer＇s equation.

Comprehensive form of solution for Lamb's dynamic problem expressed by Green's functions

By the analysis for the vectors of a wave field in the cylindrical coordinate and Sommerfeld＇s identity as well as Green＇s functions of Stokes＇ solution pertaining the conventional elastic dynamic equation, the results of Green＇s function in an infinite space of an axisymmetric coordinate are shown in this paper. After employing a supplementary influence field and the boundary conditions in the free surface of a senti-space, the authors obtain the solutions of Green＇s function for Lamb＇s dynamic problem. Besides, the vertical displacement uzz and the radial displacement urz can match Lamb＇s previous results, and the solutions of the linear expansion source u^r and the linear torsional source uee are also given in the paper. The authors reveal that Green＇s function of Stokes＇ solution in the semi-space is a comprehensive form of solution expressing the dynamic Lamb＇s problem for various situations. It may benefit the investigation of deepening and development of Lamb＇s problems and solution for pertinent dynamic problems conveniently.

Soliton Solutions for Nonisospectral AKNS Equation by Hirota＇s Method

Bilinear form of the nonisospectral AKNS equation is given. The N-soliton solutions are obtained through Hirota＇s method.

Symmetry Groups and New Exact Solutions to （2＋1）-Dimensional Variable Coefficient Canonical Generalized KP Equation

In this paper, the modified CK＇s direct method to find symmetry groups of nonlinear partial differential equation is extended to （2＋1）-dimensional variable coeffficient canonical generalized KP （VCCGKP） equation. As a result, symmetry groups, Lie point symmetry group and Lie symmetry for the VCCGKP equation are obtained. In fact, the Lie point symmetry group coincides with that obtained by the standard Lie group approach. Applying the given Lie symmetry, we obtain five types of similarity reductions and a lot of new exact solutions, including hyperbolic function solutions, triangular periodic solutions, Jacobi elliptic function solutions and rational solutions, for the VCCGKP equation.