New method of local adjuvant therapy with bicarbonate Ringer’s solution for tumoral calcinosis: A case report

BACKGROUND Tumoral calcinosis is a condition characterized by deposits of calcium phosphate crystals in extra-articular soft tissues,occurring in hemodialysis patients.Calcium phosphate crystals are mainly composed of hydroxyapatite,which is highly infilt-rative to tissues,thus making complete resection difficult.An adjuvant method to remove or resolve the residual crystals during the operation is necessary.CASE SUMMARY A bicarbonate Ringer’s solution with bicarbonate ions(28 mEq/L)was used as the adjuvant.After resecting calcium phosphate deposits of tumoral calcinosis as much as possible,while filling with the solution,residual calcium phosphate deposits at the pseudocyst wall can be gently scraped by fingers or gauze in the operative field.A 49-year-old female undergoing hemodialysis for 15 years had swelling with calcium deposition for 2 years in the shoulders,bilateral hip joints,and the right foot.A shoulder lesion was resected,but the calcification remained and early re-deposition was observed.Considering the difficulty of a complete rection,we devised a bicarbonate dissolution method and excised the foot lesion.After resection of the calcified material,the residual calcified material was washed away with bicarbonate Ringer’s solution.CONCLUSION The bicarbonate dissolution method is a new,simple,and effective treatment for tumoral calcinosis in hemodialysis patients.

网格计算中的反欺骗方案

针对如何对网格计算中的欺骗行为进行检测和防止的问题,在Ringers方案上提出了改进方案,采用将用于检测欺骗的计算函数中不是单向函数的部分进一步处理变为单向函数的方法,使这种方案能够适应更多一般的网格计算中欺骗的检测和防止,并且对这种改进的方案和基于约定的采样方案进行了比较,分析了优势和不足,最后讨论了一些不能解决的问题。

Evaluation of electrochemical impedance and biocorrosion characteristics of as-cast and T4 heat treated AZ91 Mg-alloys in Ringer’s solution

The present study aims at understanding the electrochemical impedance and biocorrosion characteristics of AZ91 Mg-alloy in Ringer’s solution.As-cast AZ91 Mg-alloy was subjected to T4 heat treatment in a way to homogenize its microstructure by dissolving most of theβ-Mg 17 Al 12 phase at the vicinity of grain boundaries.The electrochemical impedance and biocorrosion performances of these two different microstructures(as-cast and T4 heat treated AZ91 Mg-alloys)in Ringer solution were evaluated by electrochemical impendence spectroscopy,potentiodynamic polarization and weight loss method.EIS spectra showed that both microstructures exhibit similar dynamic response as a function of the immersion time;however,the value of impedance and maximum phase angle are about 50%higher in as-cast AZ91 Mg-alloy as compared to that of homogenized AZ91 Mg-alloy.Weight loss measurement indicated that corrosion resistance of as-cast AZ91 was significantly better than that of homogenized AZ91.Microstructural and XRD analysis revealed that as-cast AZ91 contains a passive film of MgCO_(3)and CaCO_(3)precipitates with near spherical morphologies,whereas homogenized AZ91 comprised mainly unstable Mg(OH)_(2)film featured by irregular plate-like morphologies.

Plasma-Lyte 148: A clinical review

AIM To outline the physiochemical properties and specific clinical uses of Plasma-Lyte 148 as choice of solution for fluid intervention in critical illness, surgery and perioperative medicine.METHODS We performed an electronic literature search from Medline and Pub Med(via Ovid), anesthesia and pharmacology textbooks, and online sources including studies that compared Plasma-Lyte 148 to other crystalloid solutions. The following keywords were used: "surgery", "anaesthesia", "anesthesia", "anesthesiology", "anaesthesiology", "fluids", "fluid therapy", "crystalloid", "saline", "plasma-Lyte", "plasmalyte", "hartmann's", "ringers" "acetate", "gluconate", "malate", "lactate". All relevant articles were accessed in full. We summarized the data and reported the data in tables and text. RESULTS We retrieved 104 articles relevant to the choice of Plasma-Lyte 148 for fluid intervention in critical illness, surgery and perioperative medicine. We analyzed the data and reported the results in tables and text.CONCLUSION Plasma-Lyte 148 is an isotonic, buffered intravenous crystalloid solution with a physiochemical composition that closely reflects human plasma. Emerging data supports the use of buffered crystalloid solutions in preference to saline in improving physicochemical outcomes. Further large randomized controlled trials assessing the comparative effectiveness of PlasmaLyte 148 and other crystalloid solutions in measuring clinically important outcomes such as morbidity and mortality are needed.

醋柳黄酮在Krebs-Ringer试液中的稳定性研究

目的:考察醋柳黄酮在Krebs-Ringer试液(简称K-R试液)中的稳定性,为醋柳黄酮的吸收机理研究奠定基础。方法:以高效液相色谱法测定醋柳黄酮的含量(以槲皮素和异鼠李素的总合计),分别考察调节空白K-R试液的pH值及含药K-R试液pH值对醋柳黄酮稳定性的影响。结果:直接调节醋柳黄酮K-R试液的pH值对其稳定性的影响明显好于调节空白K-R试液的pH值,将其pH值调至6.8可在37℃水浴放置5h稳定。结论:醋柳黄酮在K-R试液中的稳定性受溶液pH值影响较大,酸性溶液中稳定性好,选择合适的pH值使醋柳黄酮溶液稳定,可确保肠吸收试验顺利进行。

Fluid resuscitation in acute pancreatitis: Normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution?

AIM: To investigate whether administration of Ringer's solution(RL) could have an impact on the outcome of acute pancreatitis(AP).METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on 103 patients [68 men and 35 women,mean age 51.2 years(range,19-92 years)] hospitalized between 2011 and 2012. All patients admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Interior(Poland) with a diagnosis of AP who had disease onset within 48 h of presentation were included in this study. Based on the presence of persistent organ failure(longer than 48 h) as a criterion for the diagnosis of severe AP(SAP) and the presence of local complications [diagnosis of moderately severe AP(MSAP)],patients were classified into 3 groups: mild AP(MAP),MSAP and SAP. Data were compared between the groups in terms of severity(using the revised Atlanta criteria) and outcome. Patients were stratified into 2 groups based on the type of fluid resuscitation: the 1-RL group who underwent standard fluid resuscitation with a RL 1000 m L solution or the 2-NS group who underwent standard fluid resuscitation with 1000 m L normal saline(NS). All patients from both groups received an additional 5% glucose solution(1000-1500 m L) and a multi-electrolyte solution(500-1000 m L).RESULTS: We observed 64(62.1%) patients with MAP,26(25.24%) patients with MSAP and 13(12.62%) patients with SAP. No significant difference in the distribution of AP severity between the two groups was found. In the 1-RL group,we identified 22(55.5%) MAP,10(25.5%) MSAP and 8(20.0%) SAP patients,compared with 42(66.7%) MAP,16(24.4%) MSAP and 5(7.9%) SAP cases in the 2-NS group(P = 0.187). The volumes of fluid administered during the initial 72-h period of hospitalization were similar among the patients from both the 1-RL and 2-NS groups(mean 3400 m L vs 3000 m L,respectively). No significant differences between the 1-RL and 2-NS groups were found in confirmed pancreatic necrosis [10 patients(25%) vs 12 patients(19%),respectively,P = 0.637]. There were no statistically significant differences between the 1-RL and 2-NS groups in the percentage of patients who required enteral nutrition(23 patients vs 17 patients,respectively,P = 0.534). Logistic regression analysis confirmed these findings(OR = 1.344,95%CI: 0.595-3.035,P = 0.477). There were no significant differences between the 1-RL and 2-NS groups in mortality and the duration of hospital stay(median of 9 d for both groups,P = 0.776).CONCLUSION: Our study failed to find any evidence that the administration of RL in the first days of AP leads to improved clinical outcomes.

Dynamics of vascular volume and hemodilution of lactated Ringer’s solution in patients during induction of general and epidural anesthesia

Objective： To investigate the dynamics of vascular volume and the plasma dilution of lactated Ringer＇s solution in patients during the induction of general and epidural anesthesia. Methods： The hemodilution of i.v. infusion of 1000 ml of lactated Ringer＇s solution over 60 min was studied in patients undergoing general （n=31） and epidural （n= 22） anesthesia. Heart rate, arterial blood pressure and hemoglobin （Hb） concentration were measured every 5 rain during the study. Surgery was not started until the study period had been completed. Results： General anesthesia caused the greater decrease of mean arterial blood pressure （MAP） （mean 15% versus 9%; P〈0.01） and thereby followed by a more pronounced plasma dilution, blood volume expansion （VE） and blood volume expansion efficiency （VEE）. A strong linear correlation between hemodilution and the reduction in MAP （r=-0.50;P〈0.01） was found. At the end of infusion, patients undergoing general anesthesia retained 47% （SD 19%） of the infused fluid in the circulation, while epidural anesthesia retained 29% （SD 13%） （P〈0.001）. Correspondingly, a fewer urine output （mean 89 ml versus 156 ml; P〈0.05） and extravascular expansion （454 ml versus 551 ml; P〈0.05） were found during general anesthesia. Conclusion： We concluded that the induction of general anesthesia caused more hemodilution, volume expansion and volume expansion efficiency than epidural anesthesia, which was triggered only by the lower MAP.

Influence of heat treatment on microstructure and electrochemical behaviors of Mg-Zn binary alloys prepared by gas-phase alloying technique

Mg-Zn binary alloys fabricated by the gas-phase alloying technique under vacuum condition were investigated in the state of initial state and after heat treatment for the microstructure and electrochemical behaviors.Different from the traditional Mg-Zn alloys preparation methods,alloys prepared by gas-phase alloying have a large number of intermetallic compounds,such as MgZn,Mg7Zn3 and MgZn2.After solution treatment,the boundary of the eutectic disappeared and the size ofα-Mg increased from 100μm to 150μm.At the same time,the value of the resistance of charge transfer increased,which indicates that the resistance of the charge transfer and the corrosion resistance of the alloys increased.After artificial aging treatment,the distribution ofα-Mg was more uniform and its size was reduced to about 50μm,and there was new eutectic structure formed.The newly formed eutectic structure forms galvanic cells with the alloy matrix,which makes the corrosion resistance of the alloy weaken.

Pyruvate-fortified resuscitation stabilizes cardiac electrical activity and energy metabolism during hypovolemia

AIM: To test the hypothesis that fluid resuscitation with Ringer's solution enriched with pyruvate(PR), a physiological antioxidant and energy substrate, affords protection of myocardial metabolism and electrophysiological performance superior to lactated Ringer's(LR) during hypovolemia and hindlimb ischemia-reperfusion.METHODS: Male domestic goats(25-30 kg) were exsanguinated to a mean arterial pressure of 48 ± 1 mm Hg. Right hindlimb ischemia was imposed for 90 min by applying a tourniquet and femoral crossclamp. LR or PR, infused iv, delivered 0.05 mmol/kg per minute L-lactate or pyruvate, respectively, from 30 min hindlimb ischemia until 30 min post-ischemia. Time controls(TC) underwent neither hemorrhage, hindlimb ischemia nor resuscitation. Goats were sacrificed and left ventricular myocardium biopsied at 90 min fluid resuscitation(n = 6 per group) or 3.5 h later(n = 9 LR, 10 PR, 8 TC).RESULTS: Myocardial 8-isoprostane content, phosphocreatine phosphorylation potential, creatine kinase activity, and heart rate-adjusted QT interval(QTc) vari- ability were evaluated at 90 min resuscitation and 3.5 h post-resuscitation. PR sharply lowered pro-arrhythmic QTc variability vs LR(P < 0.05); this effect persisted 3.5 h post-resuscitation. PR lowered myocardial 8-isoprostane content, a product of oxidative stress, by 39 and 37% during and 3.5 h after resuscitation, respectively, vs LR. Creatine kinase activity fell 42% post-LR vs TC(P < 0.05), but was stable post-PR(P < 0.02 vs post-LR). PR doubled phosphocreatine phosphorylation potential, a measure of ATP free energy state, vs TC and LR(P < 0.05); this energetic enhancement persisted 3.5 h post-resuscitation.CONCLUSION: By augmenting myocardial energy state and protecting creatine kinase activity, pyruvateenriched resuscitation stabilized cardiac electrical function during central hypovolemia and hindlimb ischemiareperfusion.

NaCl及Ringer氏液对东北林蛙精子活力的影响

在实验室条件下，采用单因子试验方法研究不同浓度NaCl，Ringer氏液对东北林蛙精子活力的影响．结果表明：精子对NaCl的适宜质量分数范围为0．02％～0．25％，对Ringer氏液的适宜质量分数范围为0．03％～0．25％，最适Ringer氏液的质量分数为0．09％～0．14％；试验组T1，T2，T3，T4和Tb，Tc，Td，Te精子的平均寿命及运动状态较其他组显示出显著优势；低浓度NaCl及Ringer氏液对林蛙精子有保护作用，且适宜浓度Ringer氏液对林蛙精子的保护作用大于NaCl．

Bt专利新买卖

Novo Nordisk A/S(丹麦)已从Boehringer Mannheim(德国)买下有关苏云金芽孢杆菌tenebrionis(Btt)生防制品的所有专利权和发放协议。尽管专利的精确涵义依不同国家而异,但这些专利在举足轻重的欧洲和北美市场中占有广泛的权力。据Novo公司的Georg Skoet称,某些专利覆盖了Bt新菌株、抗鞘翅目(甲壳虫)的活性蛋白以及产生这些蛋白的基因。 Boehringer已向Santoz发放Trident生物杀虫剂专利允许、向Eeogen(Langhorne,PA)发放Foil生物杀虫剂专利允许。Skoet告诉本刊说,Novo将继续签订这类协议。

Does Ringer Lactate Used in Parkland Formula for Burn Resuscitation Adequately Restore Body Electrolytes and Proteins?

Objective: Evaluation of the effect of Ringer Lactate, as the resuscitative burn fluid according to Parkland Formula, on restoring the levels of body electrolytes and proteins. Design: A retrospective cohort study. Setting: The National Burns Unit, Mafraq Hospital, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Patients: One hundred and fifteen patients admitted with fresh burns between 1st of January 2011 and 31st of December 2013, who met inclusion and exclusion criteria. Methods: Team collected demographic and clinical data for each patient using a standard form. Patients received Ringer Lactate solely as the resuscitative burn fluid according to Parkland Formula. Baseline (pre-) and third-day (post-) variables included levels of sodium, potassium, chloride, proteins, and albumin. Researchers then performed paired comparisons of serum electrolytes and protein levels. Results: Mean values showed maintenance of the potassium and chloride levels within the normal range after administering the Ringer Lactate, significant decline in sodium, and a marked hypoproteinaemia and hypoalbuminaemia post-resuscitation. Conclusions: Ringer Lactate used as the mere resuscitative post burn fluid is suboptimal. Sodium supplementation may be required to correct hyponatremia. Colloids, preferably intravenous albumin should be added, as advised by the original Parkland Formula.

小马云（英文）

An eight-year-old boy in southeast China is getting visitors from across the country as people try to cash in on^1 his looks—the child is a dead ringer^2 for Chinese billionaire Jack Ma^3.Up to 50 people a day have visited Fan Xiaoqin over the past two weeks.

The pair ringer technology for bony avulsion of the posterior cruciate ligament under arthroscopy

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical effects of the pair ringer technology for bony avulsion of the posterior cruciate ligament under arthroscopy.Methods From January 2005 to July 2009,23 patientswere treated with the

人工模拟体液中Ti,Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni形状记忆合金的缝隙腐蚀行为（英文）

采用电化学方法研究了工业纯钛、Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni SMA在Ringer’s人工模拟体液中缝隙腐蚀行为。Ringer’s人工体液中恒电位400 m V的试验结果表明,工业纯钛、Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni SMA缝隙试样均发生缝隙腐蚀,随着介质温度的升高,缝隙腐蚀倾向加剧。在Ringer’s人工模拟体液中Ti-6Al-4V合金的腐蚀电位较正,反应电阻增大,阳极极化性能优于工业纯钛和Ti-Ni SMA,提高了抗缝隙腐蚀性能。在Ringer’s人工模拟体液中推导出工业纯钛、Ti-6Al-4V合金和Ti-Ni SMA缝隙试样的缝隙腐蚀动力学方程为:iT,CPTi=0.028 e-2×10-4 t,iT,Ti-6Al-4V=0.0149 e-3×10-4 t,和iT,Ti-Ni SMA=0.4712 e-7×10-4 t表明缝隙腐蚀过程受缝隙表面氯化物盐膜的溶解控制。

改良垂直瘢痕法乳房成形术的应用效果

目的探讨改良垂直瘢痕法乳房成形术(Hall-Findlay法)的临床效果。方法2009年5月至2018年5月,南方医科大学南方医院整形科共完成128例女性乳房成形术,年龄22~49岁,平均38.3岁。其中巨乳缩小56例,单纯乳房悬吊72例。按Hall-Findlay法设计手术切口,剥离乳腺组织保留上部或内侧蒂;按水平横隔解剖结构去除部分肥大的下部及基底乳腺组织。对乳房肥大明显患者术中联合抽吸脂肪,减少乳房腺体外侧及侧胸部皮下脂肪。结果128例患者切口均一期愈合,105例患者对术后瘢痕非常满意,13例满意,4例可接受。切除乳腺组织最大左侧700 g、右侧500 g。术后3个月随访,1例因切除腺体组织过多,致乳头乳晕出现缺血。5例患者乳房形态欠佳或对瘢痕较为介意,2次手术适当修整术后6个月,乳房外形良好,满意度95.3%。结论改良垂直瘢痕法乳房成形术较Lejour法保留了蒂的完整厚度,降低术后出现乳头乳晕感觉功能减退以及血运不佳概率,远期效果好,乳房外形挺拔,值得临床应用。

Effect of Ringer's Solution on Wear and Friction of Stainless Steel 316L after Plasma Electrolytic Nitrocarburising at Low Voltages

A plasma electrolytic nitrocarburising （PEN/C） process was performed on stainless steel 316L to improve the surface properties for using as medical implants. A bath was optimised to reduce the required voltage to 150 volts. Aqueous urea-based solutions with 10% NH4Cl were prepared with slightly different amounts of Na2CO3 to optimise the electrolyte composition. The surface and the cross-section morphologies were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The microstructure and the chemical composition of samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD） and energy dispersive X-ray （EDX） techniques. The microstructure of the outer layer of the coatings was found to be a complex oxide containing Cr and Fe. The wear properties of the samples were examined by using a pin on disk wear test with Ringer＇s solution and were compared with their wear properties in the ambient atmosphere. The Ringe（s solution acted as a lubricant, reducing friction coefficient. Hardness and roughness were also studied. The bath with the composition of 10% NH4CI and 3% Na2CO3 exhibited the best tribological properties. The results showed that the tribological properties of treated samples were improved and the wear mechanism was abrasion of the pin.

SYSTEMS SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

The English edition of Systems Science and Mathematical Sciences is distributed internationally.It seeks topublish theoretical and applied papers pertaining to systems science and mathematical sciences.It is forresearchers,engineers and teaching people engaged in these areas.Contributions fram all over the world are welcome.The authors should note that only papers with

ON SPRINGER'S CONJECTURE FOR N=12

Let W=g（ζ）=ζ+sum from （?）=1 to ∞(bnζ-n∈∑′).G（W）=g-1（W）=W+ sum from （?）=1 to ∞(BnW-n) is the inverse of g(（ζ）.G. Springer