The physical properties of the rock units associated with the Rio Bonito Formation are presented in this study with the focus on modelling reservoir quality based on petrophysics-derived parameters to evaluate CO_(2)s...The physical properties of the rock units associated with the Rio Bonito Formation are presented in this study with the focus on modelling reservoir quality based on petrophysics-derived parameters to evaluate CO_(2)storage potentials.It involves the modelling of the reservoir depths,thicknesses,flow zone indicators(FZI),and effective permeability(Keff)and presenting the CO_(2)storage efficiency factors peculiar to the rock units of the study location.Research results presented by this study for the stated objectives are not quite common in the region.Keff values range from 200 mD to higher than 2000 mD,and FZI values are generally above 1.0 mm and up to 13.0 mm within the portions covered by the drilled wells.The sandstone units recorded are up to 20 m thick in some cases.The Keff and FZI models indicate the sandstone reservoirs as permeable units to support the injection and circulation of CO_(2)within the potential reservoir units of the Rio Bonio Formation across São Paulo State.Apart from some points in the southeastern part of the study location,where the Rio Bonito are delineated at depths less than 800 m(minimum CO_(2)storage depth based on best practices),other portions are deeper,ranging from 950 m to 3500 m.Thin-bedded layers will affect the integrity of the rocks as CO_(2)storage tanks or reservoir seals/traps/overburden within the region.Sandstone bed thicknesses are up to 20 m in some cases.However,hybrid CO_(2)reservoir units are feasible,especially in portions where thin siltstone layers are sandwiched between sandstone units to provide considerable thicknesses based on CO_(2)storage standards.The current study shows that useable areas considering reservoir thickness,depth,and other physical qualities will significantly control the CO_(2)storage efficiency of the study location.Further studies featuring a detailed geophysical exploration of the site to confirm the availability and saturations of preexisting fluid(hydrocarbon and water)are encouraged to boost CO_(2)storage in the region.The related research-based results,as mentioned above,may be combined with the results of this research to determine the area's potentials for CO_(2)storage or hydrocarbon production with CO_(2)storage options.展开更多
São Paulo State has witnessed CO_(2)storage-based investigations considering the availability of suitable geologic structures and proximity to primary CO_(2)source sinks related to bioenergy and carbon capture an...São Paulo State has witnessed CO_(2)storage-based investigations considering the availability of suitable geologic structures and proximity to primary CO_(2)source sinks related to bioenergy and carbon capture and storage(BECCS)activities.The current study presents the hydrocarbon viability evaluations and CO_(2)storage prospects,focusing on the sandstone units of the Rio Bonito Formation.The objective is to apply petrophysical evaluations with geochemical inputs in predicting future hydrocarbon(gas)production to boost CO_(2)storage within the study location.The study used data from eleven wells with associated wireline logs(gamma ray,resistivity,density,neutron,and sonic)to predict potential hydrocarbon accumulation and fluid mobility in the investigated area.Rock samples(shale and carbonate)obtained from depths>200 m within the study location have shown bitumen presence.Organic geochemistry data of the Rio Bonito Formation shale beds suggest they are potential hydrocarbon source rocks and could have contributed to the gas accumulations within the sandstone units.Some drilled well data,e.g.,CB-1-SP and TI-1-SP,show hydrocarbon(gas)presence based on the typical resistivity and the combined neutron-density responses at depths up to 3400 m,indicating the possibility of other hydrocarbon members apart from the heavy oil(bitumen)observed from the near-surface rocks samples.From the three-dimensional(3-D)model,the free fluid indicator(FFI)is more significant towards the southwest and southeast of the area with deeper depths of occurrence,indicating portions with reasonable hydrocarbon recovery rates and good prospects for CO_(2)injection,circulation and permanent storage.However,future studies based on contemporary datasets are required to establish the hydrocarbon viability further,foster gas production events,and enhance CO_(2)storage possibilities within the region.展开更多
Manadas Creek is an urban tributary of the Rio Grande that flows past a decommissioned antimony smelter and processing plant. This antimony plant is associated with heavy metal contamination in the creek and still pos...Manadas Creek is an urban tributary of the Rio Grande that flows past a decommissioned antimony smelter and processing plant. This antimony plant is associated with heavy metal contamination in the creek and still poses a threat to the surrounding aquatic environment. Corbicula fluminea was used to determine bioaccumulation from the water column and sediments in Manadas Creek. The metals arsenic (As), antimony (Sb) and thallium (Tl) were analyzed in the water, sediments, gills, mantle, foot, digestive (DI) tract, gonads and shell of clams being monitored at eight sites between March and August 2013. Sediment, water, and dissected Corbicula fluminea samples from different sites in the Creek were acid-digested and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. High levels of antimony (25.88 ug/L;75.96 mg/kg) and arsenic (8.26 ug/L;6.41 mg/kg) in the water and sediments were observed at the site downstream from the smelter. There were no detectable concentrations of arsenic, antimony, or thallium in the shell of C. fluminea. Arsenic and antimony were detected in the tissues of C. fluminea but thallium was not detected. Based on the results, the organotropism for arsenic is DI tract > gills > gonads > foot > mantle > shell and the organotropism for antimony is gills > DI tract > gonads > mantle > foot > shell. This study shows that the Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) is a useful bio-monitor to provide data on the status of metal pollution in Manadas Creek, Laredo, Texas.展开更多
Developed and developing countries should shoulder their due responsibilities in dealing with climate change The Earth Summit,also known as the Rio Conference,was held in Brazil in 1992.It was in response to the eupho...Developed and developing countries should shoulder their due responsibilities in dealing with climate change The Earth Summit,also known as the Rio Conference,was held in Brazil in 1992.It was in response to the euphoria that marked the end of the Cold War and the beginning of collaborative and cohesive global cooperation and international relations.展开更多
基金sponsored by Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP)(2014/50279-4,2020/15230-5,2021/06158-1)Shell Brasil.
文摘The physical properties of the rock units associated with the Rio Bonito Formation are presented in this study with the focus on modelling reservoir quality based on petrophysics-derived parameters to evaluate CO_(2)storage potentials.It involves the modelling of the reservoir depths,thicknesses,flow zone indicators(FZI),and effective permeability(Keff)and presenting the CO_(2)storage efficiency factors peculiar to the rock units of the study location.Research results presented by this study for the stated objectives are not quite common in the region.Keff values range from 200 mD to higher than 2000 mD,and FZI values are generally above 1.0 mm and up to 13.0 mm within the portions covered by the drilled wells.The sandstone units recorded are up to 20 m thick in some cases.The Keff and FZI models indicate the sandstone reservoirs as permeable units to support the injection and circulation of CO_(2)within the potential reservoir units of the Rio Bonio Formation across São Paulo State.Apart from some points in the southeastern part of the study location,where the Rio Bonito are delineated at depths less than 800 m(minimum CO_(2)storage depth based on best practices),other portions are deeper,ranging from 950 m to 3500 m.Thin-bedded layers will affect the integrity of the rocks as CO_(2)storage tanks or reservoir seals/traps/overburden within the region.Sandstone bed thicknesses are up to 20 m in some cases.However,hybrid CO_(2)reservoir units are feasible,especially in portions where thin siltstone layers are sandwiched between sandstone units to provide considerable thicknesses based on CO_(2)storage standards.The current study shows that useable areas considering reservoir thickness,depth,and other physical qualities will significantly control the CO_(2)storage efficiency of the study location.Further studies featuring a detailed geophysical exploration of the site to confirm the availability and saturations of preexisting fluid(hydrocarbon and water)are encouraged to boost CO_(2)storage in the region.The related research-based results,as mentioned above,may be combined with the results of this research to determine the area's potentials for CO_(2)storage or hydrocarbon production with CO_(2)storage options.
基金sponsored by Fundação de Amparoa Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP)(2014/50279-4,2020/15230-5,2021/06158-1)Shell Brasil.
文摘São Paulo State has witnessed CO_(2)storage-based investigations considering the availability of suitable geologic structures and proximity to primary CO_(2)source sinks related to bioenergy and carbon capture and storage(BECCS)activities.The current study presents the hydrocarbon viability evaluations and CO_(2)storage prospects,focusing on the sandstone units of the Rio Bonito Formation.The objective is to apply petrophysical evaluations with geochemical inputs in predicting future hydrocarbon(gas)production to boost CO_(2)storage within the study location.The study used data from eleven wells with associated wireline logs(gamma ray,resistivity,density,neutron,and sonic)to predict potential hydrocarbon accumulation and fluid mobility in the investigated area.Rock samples(shale and carbonate)obtained from depths>200 m within the study location have shown bitumen presence.Organic geochemistry data of the Rio Bonito Formation shale beds suggest they are potential hydrocarbon source rocks and could have contributed to the gas accumulations within the sandstone units.Some drilled well data,e.g.,CB-1-SP and TI-1-SP,show hydrocarbon(gas)presence based on the typical resistivity and the combined neutron-density responses at depths up to 3400 m,indicating the possibility of other hydrocarbon members apart from the heavy oil(bitumen)observed from the near-surface rocks samples.From the three-dimensional(3-D)model,the free fluid indicator(FFI)is more significant towards the southwest and southeast of the area with deeper depths of occurrence,indicating portions with reasonable hydrocarbon recovery rates and good prospects for CO_(2)injection,circulation and permanent storage.However,future studies based on contemporary datasets are required to establish the hydrocarbon viability further,foster gas production events,and enhance CO_(2)storage possibilities within the region.
文摘Manadas Creek is an urban tributary of the Rio Grande that flows past a decommissioned antimony smelter and processing plant. This antimony plant is associated with heavy metal contamination in the creek and still poses a threat to the surrounding aquatic environment. Corbicula fluminea was used to determine bioaccumulation from the water column and sediments in Manadas Creek. The metals arsenic (As), antimony (Sb) and thallium (Tl) were analyzed in the water, sediments, gills, mantle, foot, digestive (DI) tract, gonads and shell of clams being monitored at eight sites between March and August 2013. Sediment, water, and dissected Corbicula fluminea samples from different sites in the Creek were acid-digested and analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy. High levels of antimony (25.88 ug/L;75.96 mg/kg) and arsenic (8.26 ug/L;6.41 mg/kg) in the water and sediments were observed at the site downstream from the smelter. There were no detectable concentrations of arsenic, antimony, or thallium in the shell of C. fluminea. Arsenic and antimony were detected in the tissues of C. fluminea but thallium was not detected. Based on the results, the organotropism for arsenic is DI tract > gills > gonads > foot > mantle > shell and the organotropism for antimony is gills > DI tract > gonads > mantle > foot > shell. This study shows that the Asiatic clam (Corbicula fluminea) is a useful bio-monitor to provide data on the status of metal pollution in Manadas Creek, Laredo, Texas.
文摘Developed and developing countries should shoulder their due responsibilities in dealing with climate change The Earth Summit,also known as the Rio Conference,was held in Brazil in 1992.It was in response to the euphoria that marked the end of the Cold War and the beginning of collaborative and cohesive global cooperation and international relations.
