Effects of different pruning ways on the sugar-decreasing matters of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) fruits during the ripeness

This experiment used pumpkin Longyuanlixiang as material to research the effect of different pruning ways with one branch, two branches, and three branches on the sugar-decreasing matters during the ripeness of pumpkin （Cucurbita moschata） fruits. The results showed that pectin contents of pumpkin fruits during the ripeness all increased at first and then dropped in every treatment. The pectin contents under the treatments of one branch and two branches reached the high apex after pollinated for 30 d as well as for 35 d under the treatment of three branches. Pentose and chromium contents of fruits had the same trend under different pruning ways and increased during the ripenes. Three kinds of sugar-decreasing matters contents under treatment of two branches were bigger than treatment of one branch, while treatment of three branches was the lowest.

Studies of the Ripe Characteristics of Pear

The picked pear is often ripened naturally or artificially in ethylene solution to put the pear into market earlier.When Qiuxiang pear are ripened,a great deal of ethylene is produced,the content of soluble solid,total sugar and titrable acidity are increased.The flesh is softened,the skin of fruit turns yellow,and the fruits are of aromatic favor.At different harvest time,respiration intensity appears different changing trends;the fruit qualities and the storage period are influenced too.Artificial ripening promotes fruit ripe and has a better effect than natural ripening.And Qiuxiang pear ripened artificially in earlier the middle or late of August can achieve better fruit qualities and higher economic value.

Detecting RAPD Markers Linked to Ripe Rot Resistance Genes in Chinese Wild Vitis

With F1 individuals of the cross combination 88-110 of 83-4-96 ( V. quinquangularis Rehd.) X Muscat Rose ( V. vinifera L.), the RAPD marker OPC15-1300 linked to ripe rot ( Gloeosporium fructi-genum Berk.) resistance genes in Chinese wild Vitis was gained using bulked segregation analysis (BS A). And it was found that OPC15-1300 could be hereditary from the resistant parent (83-4-96) after the marker was tested in 50 Fj plants of the cross combination 88-110, 32 accessions of 8 Chinese wild Vitis species and 14 cultivars of V. vinifera L. Also, it has provided a solid basis for molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) and for possibly cloning disease resistance genes in the future.

The Use of Ripe Plantain (<i>Musa spp</i>.) and Peppercorns for Beverage Processing as a Pro-Vitamin A Carotenoid and Nutrition Catalyst

Plantain (Musa spp.) constitutes an essential food crop in both tropical and subtropical areas. The staple’s nutritional value and provitamin A carotenoid potential has attracted more interest and usage. Plantain (Musa spp.) optimization into food recipes has been identified to increase patronage and minimises food wastage, due to the fruit’s (pulp) high perishability nature. In this study, local over ripe plantain (Musa spp.) was sampled and used in a beverage production. The beverage was processed from pureed ripe plantain, by three days fermentation of the pureed plantain mixture, boiling, and spicing, preservation with syrup, storage, and usage. The product’s processing was followed with a sensory evaluation of the new beverage on taste, appearance, color, flavour, and overall acceptability. Majority of the respondents indicated the new product was good and was well accepted. The research sought to create food diversity, encourage more usage of the crop and to highlight the nutritional values of plantain (Musa spp.) which is particularly high in provitamin A carotenoid to address Vitamin A deficiency in low resource setting communities.

Sixty Years' Glory,One Century's Prosperity Congratulations on the 60th Anniversary of RIPED

Remaining true to our original aspiration, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED) has been forging ahead, going through a glorious development course of 60 years.Here, let s extend our warmest congratulations.Over the past six decades, generations of petroleum science and technology workers from the

Correlation and Cluster Analysis on the Quality Characters of New Middle-ripe Japonica Rice Varieties in Jiangsu Province

[ Objective] This study aimed to analyze the quality characteristics of the new middle-ripejapon/ca rico varieties in Jiangsu Province. [ Method] Four- teen new rice varieties included in the Middle-ripe Japon/ca Rice Regional Test in 2011 were selected as the materials. Correlation analysis and cluster analysis were carried out on their quality traits. [Result] The rice cultivars possessed stable characteristics, which were difficult to be further improved. In addition, their quality traits had extremely complicated relationships, and the differences were significant between different groups. [ Conclusion] This study will provide reference for improving the quality traits of japonica rice.

Sixty Years' Glory, One Century's Prosperity Congratulations on the 60th Anniversary of RIPED

Remaining true to our original aspiration, PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development (RIPED) has been forging ahead, going through a glorious development course of 60 years.Here, let s extend, our warmest congratulations.

Ripe for Investment

SOUTH Africa is serious about encouraging further Chinese investment, especially in key areas like the beneficiation of mineral resources, improving indus trial capacity, enhancing agroprocessing and energy, said the country＇s President Jacob Zuma, He made the remarks on December 5 at the South AfricaChina Busi ness Forum in Beijing. during his state visit. A platform for Chinese and South African businesses to discuss cooperation in sectors like finance, energy,

Progress of International Cooperation Between RIPED and Foreign Institute

ＰｒｏｇｒｅｓｓｏｆＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎＢｅｔｗｅｅｎＲＩＰＥＤａｎｄＦｏｒｅｉｇｎＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅＷａｎｇＳｈａｏｘｉａｎ，ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｏｐｅｒａｔｉｏｎＢｕｒｅａｕｏｆＲＩＰＥＤ，ＣＮＰＣＡｓｔｈｅ...

Ripe for Investment

INFRASTRUCTURE plays a central role in improving competitiveness, facilitating domestic and international trade, and enhancing the African conti- nent＇s integration into the global economy, accord- ing to Gratitude Bulelani Magwanishe, South Africa＇s Deputy Minister of Public Enterprises. Magwanishe was speaking at the Opportunities for Investment Cooperation in South Africa forum on October 30, part of the 2013 COIFAIR - the World＇s Investment Summit.

Fruit ripeness classification:A survey

Fruit is a key crop in worldwide agriculture feeding millions of people.The standard supply chain of fruit products involves quality checks to guarantee freshness,taste,and,most of all,safety.An important factor that determines fruit quality is its stage of ripening.This is usually manually classified by field experts,making it a labor-intensive and error-prone process.Thus,there is an arising need for automation in fruit ripeness classification.Many automatic methods have been proposed that employ a variety of feature descriptors for the food item to be graded.Machine learning and deep learning techniques dominate the top-performing methods.Furthermore,deep learning can operate on raw data and thus relieve the users from having to compute complex engineered features,which are often crop-specific.In this survey,we review the latest methods proposed in the literature to automatize fruit ripeness classification,highlighting the most common feature descriptors they operate on.

基于WGS构建葡萄高密度遗传图谱及抗炭疽病QTL定位

葡萄炭疽病是一种危害葡萄成熟果实的真菌病害,严重影响葡萄的产量和品质。美洲种葡萄具有适应南方湿热气候且高抗炭疽病的特点,因此构建美洲葡萄高密度分子遗传图谱,定位其抗炭疽病QTL,利用其中的抗病基因指导葡萄抗病育种具有重要意义。本研究以美洲葡萄‘C30-5-1’165株自交后代为作图群体,基于全基因组测序(WGS)开发SNP标记,构建遗传图谱,并对葡萄抗炭疽病QTL进行分析。构建的葡萄分子遗传图谱总遗传距离为3138.74 cM,相邻标记间平均遗传距离为0.98 cM,分布均匀。根据群体炭疽病抗性表型数据,在11号连锁群上检测到1个炭疽病抗性相关QTL,命名为Cgr2,可解释表型变异5.0%,是一个微效QTL。与葡萄参考基因组比对分析发现,该QTL区域包含2个候选抗性基因,分别编码UDP糖基转移酶和类黄酮3’-单加氧酶,它们可能对葡萄炭疽病抗性起重要作用。

临沧勐库熟茶基体重金属成分分析标准物质的制备研究

[目的]建立临沧勐库熟茶基体重金属成分分析标准物质的制备方法。[方法]将筛选的临沧勐库熟茶通过干燥、粉碎、筛分、研磨、混匀、均匀性初检、分装,制备得到临沧勐库熟茶基体重金属成分分析标准物质,对均匀性和稳定性进行检验;参考食品安全国家标准,10家实验室采用微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,对标准物质中Cr、Cu、As、Cd、Pb元素含量进行联合定值,评定定值结果的测量不确定度。[结果]制备得到的临沧勐库熟茶基体重金属成分分析标准物质的均匀性良好,稳定性达到12个月,其中Cr、As元素的定值结果分别为(1.534±0.126)、(0.108±0.018) mg/kg。[结论]该临沧勐库熟茶基体重金属成分分析标准物质满足基体标准物质的要求,可用于普洱茶熟茶检测的质量控制。

基于改进YOLOv5s的不同成熟度苹果目标检测方法

[目的]本文旨在解决在自然环境下不同成熟度苹果目标检测精度较低的问题。[方法]提出了一种改进的YOLOv5s模型SODSTR-YOLOv5s(YOLOv5s with small detection layer and omni-dimensional dynamic convolution and swin transformer block),用于不同成熟度苹果检测。首先改进YOLOv5s的多尺度目标检测层,在Prediction中构建检测160×160特征图的检测头,提高小尺寸的不同成熟度苹果的检测精度;其次在Backbone结构中融合Swin Transformer Block,加强同级成熟度的苹果纹理特征融合,弱化纹理特征分布差异带来的消极影响,提高模型泛化能力;最后将Neck结构的Conv模块替换为动态卷积模块ODConv,细化局部特征映射,实现局部苹果细粒度特征的充分提取。基于不同成熟度苹果数据集进行试验,验证改进模型的性能。[结果]改进模型SODSTR-YOLOv5s检测的精确率、召回率、平均精度均值分别为89.1%、95.5%、93.6%,高、中、低成熟度苹果平均精度均值分别为94.1%、93.1%、93.7%,平均检测时间为16 ms,参数量为7.34 M。相比于YOLOv5s模型,改进模型SODSTR-YOLOv5s精确率、召回率、平均精度均值分别提高了3.8%、5.0%、2.9%,参数量和平均检测时间分别增加了0.32 M和5 ms。[结论]改进模型SODSTR-YOLOv5s提升了在自然环境下对不同成熟度苹果的检测能力,能较好地满足实际采摘苹果的检测要求。

赤霉素和脱落酸对花生生长与后熟进程的影响

脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA)是影响作物后熟作用和休眠的两大主要植物激素。以吉花25为试验材料,采用随机区组试验,以空白处理为对照(CK),分别设置ABA、GA以及两者不同浓度比的混合溶液共5个处理:A(0.1 mmol/L ABA)、G(0.2 mmol/L GA)、AGⅠ(ABA:GA=1:1)、AGⅡ(ABA:GA=2:1)、AGⅢ(ABA:GA=1:2),研究不同处理对植株性状、干物质积累、光合作用、生理生化指标、不同收获时期产量和品质的影响,同时比较不同收获时间花生种子的萌发特性,筛选促进花生生长及花生种子后熟的最适方案。结果表明,与CK相比,GA单施处理均能增加花生结荚期前的主茎高、侧枝长、叶面积、干物质积累量及光合速率,除ABA单施处理对叶面积具有增加作用外,ABA单施及二者不同比例混施处理均对其他农艺性状及光合速率无显著影响。各处理下花生叶片抗氧化酶活性表现趋势不同,但GA单施处理能够增加叶片抗氧化酶活性,降低MDA含量。与CK相比,无论是否提前收获,GA单施处理均能增加三个不同收获时间的花生产量,提高籽仁品质,产量增加幅度分别为9.20%、5.18%和16.83%。GA单施处理下三个不同收获时间的种子发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均高于对照。由此表明,0.2 mmol/L GA单施处理是最佳激素施用方案,能促进花生前期生长发育,影响花生体内各时期抗氧化酶活性,促使其成熟,提高花生产量及品质。单施GA能在早收的情况下保证种子发芽率和活力,加快花生种子的后熟进程。

1-甲基环丙烯缓释贴纸对模拟运输期间完熟期番茄果实品质的影响

完熟期番茄果实的成熟度高,生理代谢旺盛,不耐贮运。为了减轻高成熟度番茄果实运输过程中的损耗问题,将果实装入纸箱或泡沫箱,并添加1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene,1-MCP)缓释贴纸作为处理,于(30±5)℃条件下进行3 d的模拟运输试验(包含2 h的模拟振动)。以番茄果实的生理代谢、采后品质和相关酶活性为评价指标,分析1-MCP缓释贴纸和包装材料对番茄果实模拟运输期间品质的影响。结果表明,随着模拟运输时间延长,果实品质劣变加剧,包括硬度下降,形成瘀伤、伤呼吸、伤乙烯以及色泽变化。1-MCP缓释贴纸能降低果实的损伤指数、呼吸强度、乙烯生成速率、红色指数a^(*)、丙二醛含量和脂氧合酶活力,保持较高的硬度、亮度L^(*)、抗坏血酸含量,并诱导过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活力。此外,主成分分析表明纸箱包装更适合于贮藏环节,泡沫箱包装更适合于运输环节。综上,使用1-MCP缓释贴纸处理以及泡沫箱外包装可以更好地维持完熟期番茄果实运输期间的采后品质,为高成熟度番茄果实的物流配送及品质调控提供了技术参考。

基于可见-近红外光谱的鲜食葡萄成熟品质关键指标检测

酚类物质是评价葡萄成熟品质的重要指标,本文利用可见-近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学定量分析方法对葡萄皮总酚、籽总酚、皮单宁和籽单宁含量开展了无损检测研究。通过手持式可见-近红外光谱仪采集巨玫瑰葡萄波长400~1029 nm范围内的漫反射光谱,采用SPXY算法将其划分为校正集和预测集,结合标准正态变换(Standard normal variate,SNV)、多元散射校正(Multiplicative scatter correction,MSC)、一阶导数(First derivative,1 D)、二阶导数(Second derivative,2 D)、Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑(Savitzky-Golay smoothing,SG)和Savitzky-Golay卷积平滑+一阶导数(SG+1D)6种预处理方法以及偏最小二乘回归(Partial least squares regression,PLSR)、支持向量机回归(Support vector machine regression,SVR)和卷积神经网络(Convolutional neural network,CNN)3种建模算法,分别建立了基于全波段和特征波长的葡萄皮总酚、籽总酚、皮单宁和籽单宁定量预测模型并进行综合对比分析。结果表明,对于皮总酚、籽总酚和籽单宁,经特征波长筛选后建立的模型效果优于全波段,而对于皮单宁,全波段建立的模型较特征波长效果更佳;因此,在预测皮总酚、籽总酚、皮单宁和籽单宁含量时,最优模型分别为RAW-CARS-SVR、1D-CARS-SVR、RAW-CNN和RAW-CARS-PLSR,校正集相关系数(Correlation coefficient of calibration set,Rc)分别为0.96、0.99、0.96和0.91,预测集相关系数(Correlation coefficient of prediction set,Rp)分别为0.95、0.99、0.83和0.89,剩余预测偏差(Residual predictive deviation,RPD)分别为3.56、7.30、1.92和2.25。因此,结合可见-近红外光谱和合适的回归模型,可以实现对巨玫瑰葡萄的皮-籽总酚、皮-籽单宁含量的无损检测。