Research on the Impact of Venture Risk Tolerance on R&D investments:Based on Entrepreneur Ability

How do start-ups enhance risk tolerance and core competition through product,technology,and service development?What is the relationship between the core competitiveness of start-ups and R&D investments?Based on the perspective of entrepreneurial ability,222 questionnaires were used to study the factors affecting the risk tolerance of start-ups and analyze the effect of risk tolerance on R&D investments.The research shows that the interactions of entrepreneur ability and start-up funds have a positive effect on the risk tolerance of start-ups,and the risk tolerance can positively promote R&D investment willingness and intensity for new products,technologies,and services.Also,R&D investment willingness plays a partial intermediary role between the risk tolerance of start-ups and the intensity of R&D investments.

The Impact of Risk-Based Cancer Care Planning on the Complications and Self-Care Ability of Cervical Cancer Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy

Objective:To explore the impact of the application and implementation of risk-based cancer care planning in patients with cervical cancer radiotherapy on the complications and self-care ability of patients.Method:This study recruited selected patients who came for cervical cancer radiotherapy in a tertiary hospital in Xianyang City,Shaanxi Province from November 2020 to November 2021.One hundred patients were recruited.Nursing management was carried out,and cancer care planning under the concept of conventional care and risk were applied.The effects of different nursing methods on patients were compared and analyzed.Results:The patients in the experimental group had higher scores of self-care ability and lower complication rate.All data were significantly different from those of the control group(P<0.05),and the nursing effect on the experimental group was better.Conclusion:The application and implementation of the risk-based cancer care planning in patients who received cervical cancer radiotherapy has significant clinical effects,which is beneficial to reduce the incidence of patients’adverse reactions and promote patient recovery.

Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress scoring system for predicting complications following abdominal surgery: A metaanalysis spanning 2004 to 2022

BACKGROUND Postoperative complications remain a paramount concern for surgeons and healthcare practitioners.AIM To present a comprehensive analysis of the Estimation of Physiologic Ability and Surgical Stress(E-PASS)scoring system’s efficacy in predicting postoperative complications following abdominal surgery.METHODS A systematic search of published studies was conducted,yielding 17 studies with pertinent data.Parameters such as preoperative risk score(PRS),surgical stress score(SSS),comprehensive risk score(CRS),postoperative complications,post-operative mortality,and other clinical data were collected for meta-analysis.Forest plots were employed for continuous and binary variables,withχ2 tests assessing heterogeneity(P value).RESULTS Patients experiencing complications after abdominal surgery exhibited significantly higher E-PASS scores compared to those without complications[mean difference and 95%confidence interval(CI)of PRS:0.10(0.05-0.15);SSS:0.04(0.001-0.08);CRS:0.19(0.07-0.31)].Following the exclusion of low-quality studies,results remained valid with no discernible heterogeneity.Subgroup analysis indicated that variations in sample size and age may contribute to hetero-geneity in CRS analysis.Binary variable meta-analysis demonstrated a correlation between high CRS and increased postoperative complication rates[odds ratio(OR)(95%CI):3.01(1.83-4.95)],with a significant association observed between high CRS and postoperative mortality[OR(95%CI):15.49(3.75-64.01)].CONCLUSION In summary,postoperative complications in abdominal surgery,as assessed by the E-PASS scoring system,are consistently linked to elevated PRS,SSS,and CRS scores.High CRS scores emerge as risk factors for heightened morbidity and mortality.This study establishes the accuracy of the E-PASS scoring system in predicting postoperative morbidity and mortality in abdominal surgery,underscoring its potential for widespread adoption in effective risk assessment.

A Knowledge-based System for the Analysis of the Ability of Paying back Loans

This paper describes the development of a knowledgebased system (KBS) for determining whether or not, and under what conditions, a bank Ioan officer should grant a business loan to a company. The prototype system developed focuses on what is bank loans risks management, how to prevent risk by the analysis of the ability of paying back loans. The paper makes the structural analysis involved in the system's decision situation, the structured situation diagram or model, dependency diagram and the document needed by the KBS prototype system thus are developed. Through testing the samples from loan business, the quality for the analysis of the ability of paying back loans can be effectively evaluated by the KBS prototype system.

Observation of the effect of one-to-one education on high-risk cases of diabetic foot

BACKGROUND Diabetes is a common chronic disease,and its global incidence is on the rise.The disease is directly attributed to insufficient insulin efficacy/secretion,and patients are often accompanied by multiple complications.Diabetic foot is one of the most common complications of diabetes.Diabetic feet have ulcers and infections,which can eventually lead to amputation.Basic nursing care,such as lowering blood pressure and preventing foot skin infections in clinical nursing work,has positive significance for the prevention and control of diabetic feet.AIM To explore the positive significance of one-to-one education in high-risk cases of diabetic foot.METHODS This observation included 98 high-risk cases of diabetic foot in our hospital during the period from August 2017 to October 2019,and these patients were randomly divided into the basic nursing group and the one-to-one education group with 49 patients per group.The basic nursing group only received routine basic nursing,while the one-to-one education group gave patients one-to-one education on the basis of basic nursing.After nursing,the self-care ability and compliance behavior of the two groups were evaluated and compared between these two groups.The knowledge mastery of the patient and the satisfaction of nursing were accounted.RESULTS The assessment results of patients(self-care responsibility,self-care skills,selfconcept and self-care knowledge)were significantly higher in the one-to-one education group than in the basic nursing group.The scores of compliance behaviors(foot bathing,shoes and socks selection,sports health care)in the oneto-one education group were significantly higher than those in the basic nursing group.Patients in the one-to-one education group had a significantly higher level of knowledge mastery and satisfaction of nursing than the basic nursing group.CONCLUSION One-to-one education for high-risk cases of diabetic foot is helpful to improve the cognition and self-care ability of patients with diabetic foot,to ensure that patients follow the doctor’s advice of self-care and to improve their nursing satisfaction.

Prevention of Agricultural Market Risks by Agricultural Production Entities in Hubei Province

Different agricultural production and operation entities face the same market risks.Since there is a huge gap in market risk prevention ability between agricultural market operation entities,the gap of risk prevention effect is huge.Using statistical analysis and comparative analysis methods,this paper analyzed characteristics and influencing factors of agricultural market risks and pointed out characteristics of agricultural market and special characteristics of agricultural production and operation entities in Hubei Province.Based on SWOT analysis on market risk prevention ability of agricultural production and operation entities in Hubei Province,it came up with three recommendations,including upgrading agricultural production and operation entities,enlarging the production and operation scale,and strengthening the ability of balancing the market demand and supply and bargaining power and pricing power.

DOUBLE-MARKOV RISK MODEL

Given a new Double-Markov risk model DM = （μ, Q, v, H; Y, Z） and Double-Markov risk process U = {U（t）, t 〉 0}. The ruin or survival problem is addressed. Equations which the survival probability satisfied and the formulas of calculating survival probability are obtained. Recursion formulas of calculating the survival probability and analytic expression of recursion items are obtained. The conclusions are expressed by Q matrix for a Markov chain and transition probabilities for another Markov Chain.

跟车工况下基于风险评估的人机共驾策略

为了避免驾驶辅助系统对驾驶员造成不必要的干预,结合碰撞风险与驾驶操纵能力引出了纵向跟车工况下的风险评估区的概念,基于驾驶数据的正态分布特性确定了风险评估区边界,进而提出一种新的人机共驾纵向驾驶权分配策略,该策略以碰撞时间倒数(TTCi)为判断前提,如果TTCi超过其阈值,则以风险评估区上边界代表驾驶操纵能力的最大偏差值,根据驾驶员操纵能力的偏差程度分配辅助驾驶系统的控制权。结合Prescan、Matlab/Simulink与罗技G29驾驶模拟器搭建了驾驶员在环仿真平台,以分心驾驶模拟驾驶员操纵能力下降情况,对策略的有效性进行了验证。结果表明,在高速道路跟车工况下,所提出的人机共驾策略能有效避免由于驾驶员操纵能力下降导致的碰撞事件发生。

小组模式的奥塔戈运动对住院老年精神分裂症病人跌倒风险的影响

目的:探讨小组模式的奥塔戈运动训练对老年精神分裂症病人跌倒风险的影响。方法:选取2022年6月—2023年6月在精神科住院的60例老年精神分裂症病人,按病人住院尾号分组,单号为对照组(30例),双号为干预组(30例)。对照组采取常规康复护理,干预组在常规康复护理模式基础上开展小组模式的奥塔戈运动训练。采用Tinetti平衡与步态量表(Tinetti POMA)、Morse跌倒评估量表(MFS)、中文版简易智能状态检查表(MMSE)评定病人的平衡能力、跌倒风险和认知功能。结果:干预12周后,干预组Tinetti平衡与步态量表总分、Morse跌倒评估量表总分、中文版简易智能状态检查表总分均高于干预前及同期对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:小组模式的奥塔戈运动训练能提高老年精神分裂症病人的平衡能力,降低跌倒风险,改善认知功能。

地方公共预算稳定调节能力与债务风险关系研究——基于“四本预算”统筹的视角

公共预算稳定调节机制是我国2007年以来设置的跨年度预算平衡机制。笔者以2015—2021年我国内地31个省级政府为研究样本,根据现行财政预算管理体制特点,实证检验地方公共预算稳定调节能力对债务风险的影响。研究结果显示,地方公共预算稳定调节能力可显著抑制债务风险,该影响通过增强财政韧性、缓解财政压力发挥作用。且在产业结构合理化水平和数智化程度偏低的地区,地方公共预算稳定调节能力对债务风险的抑制作用更明显。进一步分析表明,公共预算稳定调节能力还可抑制债务率和增加地方政府债务限额的空间留存率,该结论对一般债务率和一般债务限额的空间留存率仍旧成立。据此建议优化预算稳定调节基金补充机制,构建预算稳定调节基金动用与债务风险的关联机制,通过财政金融的协调治理,发挥公共预算稳定调节机制对中长期债务风险波动的“调节器”作用。

数字化转型、同群效应与企业风险承担

本文基于数字化浪潮下我国企业风险承担意愿不足的现实背景下,从治理能力提升效应、战略韧性增强效应以及环境不确定性对冲效应三个方面阐释了企业数字化转型影响风险承担水平的作用机理,并从行业和地区两个维度论证了企业数字化转型同群效应现象的存在性及其对企业风险承担水平的外生影响。利用2011—2021年我国A股上市公司面板数据,系统考察了企业数字化转型与企业风险承担之间的关系。研究发现:数字化转型显著提高了企业风险承担水平。作用机制方面,企业数字化转型通过对冲外部环境不确定性、提高企业治理能力以及增强企业战略韧性共同提升了企业风险承担水平。进一步研究发现,我国企业数字化转型行为存在明显的行业同群和地区同群特征且是风险承担水平提升的重要原因,同群效应使得高数字化程度企业群体中存在低风险承担水平企业的比例相对较低。即高数字化与低数字化企业风险承担水平分布呈现了明显的“左截尾”特征。

大学生创新创业法律风险防范能力提升路径研究

法治素养是创业素质的重要组成部分,目前,大学生在创业过程中存在法律风险应对能力弱、法律帮扶需求高、风险发生范围广等情况。高校法律风险教育边缘化、政府配套法律服务政策片面化是大学生创新创业法律风险防范能力不足的根本原因。政府、高校、社会三方应有效联动、互相配合,从政府主导健全法律帮扶政策机制、学校补齐创业法律教育短板、社会形成多方主体帮扶合力三条路径出发,加强创业法律风险防范课程教育、建立创业法律风险防范实训课堂、提供创业法律风险定点援助咨询、进行创业法律风险动态评估检测,进一步提升大学生创新创业法律风险防范能力,构建良性循环的创业支持生态。

融资能力、偿债能力与房地产企业违约风险--基于房企实际违约事件的实证分析

试从投资者的角度出发,使用2017年以来房地产行业的实际违约信息,以2017—2022年A股及港股上市的139家房地产公司为研究样本,研究企业融资能力、偿债能力对房地产企业违约风险的影响。实证研究发现,企业的融资能力、短期偿债能力、长期偿债能力对房企违约风险具有显著影响。具体地,反映融资能力的综合融资成本上升会显著增加房地产企业违约风险,短期偿债能力与长期偿债能力的提升则有利于降低违约风险。此外,非国有企业对融资能力和短期偿债能力更为敏感。希望能够对投资者的决策选择,房地产金融风险调控的政策选择以及评级机构的模型选择提供新视角和实证证据。

工作欠载对煤矿监检人员风险感知能力的影响研究

为探究煤矿监检人员工作欠载对风险感知能力的影响机制,首先引入无聊倾向和心智游移作为中介变量,构建四者的链式中介模型;然后采用工作欠载、无聊倾向、心智游移以及风险感知能力4种量表制成结构化问卷,定量研究263名煤矿监检人员问卷样本,并通过Pearson相关性分析和中介效应检验验证样本数据。结果表明:工作欠载直接负向影响煤矿监检人员的风险感知能力;工作欠载还会通过无聊倾向、心智游移的独立中介效应,以及无聊倾向和心智游移的链式中介效应影响人员的风险感知能力。因此,及时发现并干预监检人员的工作欠载、无聊倾向和心智游移情形,能够有效提升其风险感知能力,预防事故的发生。

技术并购对企业绿色创新的影响研究——来自中国的并购证据

绿色创新是当今社会实现高质量发展的重要支撑与保障,其发展需要企业运用战略进行主动推进,而技术并购正是能够帮助企业推进绿色创新的重要方式。基于2010—2022年沪深A股609家上市公司发生的技术并购事件,通过多时点双重差分法检验了技术并购对绿色创新的影响,研究发现:技术并购能够显著促进企业绿色创新,企业冗余资源与风险感知能力正向调节技术并购与绿色创新之间的关系。为我国企业借助技术并购促进绿色技术创新提供了理论基础与实践依据。

考虑站点耦合关系的大型城市轨道交通网络级联失效分析

为了解析站点分布密集的大型城市轨道交通网络级联失效传播机理,提出改进的耦合映射格子模型.该模型结合大型城市轨道交通网络站点分布密集特征,量化耦合站点间客流演化及耦合站点抵抗力.为了衡量级联失效在大型城市轨道交通网络中的传播过程与结果,提出失效站点数量比与网络效率比指标.以上海市城市轨道交通网络为例,验证该模型的可行性.结果表明:当节点度高或进站客流量大的站点失效后,耦合站点间的级联失效规模是邻接站点间的约2倍,且由于耦合站点间的级联失效的影响,介数中心性大的站点失效所引起的级联失效传播速度最快.在考虑耦合站点间级联失效时,客流对大型城市轨道交通网络级联失效的作用力是拓扑结构的约9倍.研究结论可以为城市轨道交通网络的规划设计与事故管控提供科学的建议.

基于消费者视角的房地产企业品牌价值评估研究

随着当前房地产市场融资、投资和销售深度下滑,消费者心理预期急剧下降,如何重建消费者信心成为品牌价值评估的关键问题。以万科集团为例,选取传统的Interbrand模型,并结合房地产当前背景,将品牌风险管控能力加入品牌强度指标体系,用消费者调查问卷代替传统专家打分法,以此为基础计算房地产低迷时期的品牌价值。研究结果表明:在房地产行业低迷时期,企业提高风险防控能力可为其创造超额收益,树立良好企业形象;企业品牌风险防控能力影响品牌强度,从而提升品牌价值;当前环境下,引入消费者视角进行品牌价值评估对房地产企业及消费者具有指导意义。

供应链视角下数字化转型对企业风险承担水平的影响

基于2013-2021年中国沪深A股上市公司和国泰安数据库相关匹配数据,运用多元回归分析方法,在供应链视角下研究数字化转型对企业风险承担水平的影响及其作用机理。经过一系列筛选后,对来自2 377家企业的14 102个观测值进行研究,结果表明,数字化转型和供应链适应性对企业风险承担水平具有显著的正向作用,供应链集中度有显著负影响,且供应链适应性在数字化转型对风险承担水平的影响中发挥了部分中介效应。异质性分析结果表明,数字化转型、供应链集中度和供应链适应性对非国有企业风险承担水平的提升效果更显著。这一结论对促进企业实现数字化转型、提高行业对供应链管理的关注度及提升企业的风险承担水平具有一定的借鉴意义。

热水解对鸡粪和牛粪厌氧消化及重金属风险的影响

为探究热水解预处理对鸡粪和牛粪在厌氧消化过程中产气效率的提升作用以及对消化残渣中重金属形态变化及潜在生态风险的影响。该研究以鸡粪和牛粪为处理对象,采用热水解处理技术,开展了连续中温厌氧消化试验。考察了热水解对畜禽粪污可生化性和重金属迁移风险。该研究还评估了连续施用厌氧消化鸡粪和牛粪15 a后土壤中重金属的积累量和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数。试验发现,鸡粪中木质纤维素含量占干固体总量的25%,牛粪为57.7%。热水解处理能够增强牛粪中木质纤维素的水解,热水解后木质纤维素的降解率为19.2%;但热水解对鸡粪的木质纤维素水解影响不明显,降解率仅为5.3%。鸡粪挥发性固体(volatile solid,VS)产气率为482 L/kg,热水解后产气率提升了12.4%;牛粪产气率为321 L/kg,热水解后产气率提升了31.2%。仅通过热水解不能降低鸡粪中重金属的迁移风险;而经过厌氧消化后,除Hg和Ni外,其他重金属迁移风险均降低到了低风险水平。牛粪经过热水解和厌氧消化处理后重金属向残渣态转换,但迁移风险没有明显改善。连续施用鸡粪和牛粪15 a后,土壤未出现的重金属积累,且15 a内总潜在生态风险等级处于低风险。该研究结果可为鸡粪和牛粪的能源化、无害化处理以及土地利用应用提供了理论依据和数据指导。

基于前瞻性心理弹性干预对脊柱骨折患者术后恢复效果的影响研究

目的探讨基于前瞻性的心理弹性干预对脊柱骨折患者手术后恢复效果的影响。方法选择2022年6月—2023年3月本院脊柱骨折手术治疗患者60例为研究对象,并按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,每组30例。对照组采用常规方法干预,观察组联合基于前瞻性的心理弹性干预,两组均完成4d护理,比较两组简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)、基础生活活动能力(BADL)量表、跌倒/坠床风险评估表、疼痛数字评定(NRS)及步行能力、满意度及并发症发生率。结果观察组干预4d后NRS、跌倒/坠床风险评估表评分低于对照组(P<0.05);MMSE及BADL得分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组干预4d后Holden分级及6min步行测试距离高于对照组(P<0.05);10m步行时间短于对照组(P<0.05);两组围术期脊髓损伤、肺部感染及便秘发生率无统计差异(P>0.05);观察组干预4d后服务态度、干预方法及干预内容满意度高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于前瞻性的心理弹性干预用于脊柱骨折患者中,能改善患者认知功能,提升患者生活活动能力,降低跌倒/坠床风险,有助于减轻患者疼痛,提高患者步行功能,亦可降低并发症发生率,可获得较高的满意度,值得推广应用。