Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) has been widely used in small area estimation for health indicators. Bayesian estimation is usually used to construct statistical intervals, however, its computational intensity i...Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) has been widely used in small area estimation for health indicators. Bayesian estimation is usually used to construct statistical intervals, however, its computational intensity is a big challenge for large complex surveys. Frequentist approaches, such as bootstrapping, and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, are also applied but not evaluated in terms of the interval magnitude, width, and the computational time consumed. The 2013 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data was used as a case study. County-level estimated prevalence of three health-related outcomes was obtained through a GLMM;and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated from bootstrapping and MC simulation. The intervals were compared to 95% credential intervals through a hierarchial Bayesian model. The results showed that 95% CIs for county-level estimates of each outcome by using MC simulation were similar to the 95% credible intervals generated by Bayesian estimation and were the most computationally efficient. It could be a viable option for constructing statistical intervals for small area estimation in public health practice.展开更多
Objective:Sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for physical and mental problems,such as cardiovascular,musculoskeletal diseases,and psychological stress.About 60% of the world’s population is not sufficiently p...Objective:Sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for physical and mental problems,such as cardiovascular,musculoskeletal diseases,and psychological stress.About 60% of the world’s population is not sufficiently physically active in leisure time or during work and social activities.This study aimed to determine the prevalence of inactive Jordanian adults and describe their demo-graphic and behavioral characteristics.Methods:The study used data from the behavioral risk factors surveillance survey conducted in Jordan in 2007.The sample size was 3654.Respondents who were physically inactive for more than 240 min daily(sleep time not included)were considered to have a sedentary lifestyle.Data were analyzed with the program SPSS.Results:The prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle was 82.8%(2965 respondents),with a mean sedentary time of 587 min(95%confidence interval 581-594 min).Among the physically inactive adults,52.6% were men,one third of them aged 35-44 years.Sedentary lifestyle was reported by 30% of those with a secondary level of education or above.Of those with a sedentary lifestyle,37.6% were housewives and 37.5% were employees;66% of them were overweight and obese.Of the physically inactive people,2.5%had a history of heart failure and 1.3%had a history of cer-ebrovascular accidents;57.2% of them tried to engage more in physical activity and almost three quarters of them were interested in improving their dietary habits.Conclusion:Most Jordanian adults have a sedentary lifestyle,which emphasizes that there is a public health problem.Many of them are attempting to lead a healthier lifestyle.Therefore,there is an urgent need to launch an applicable national plan that enables people to practice a healthier lifestyle.展开更多
文摘Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) has been widely used in small area estimation for health indicators. Bayesian estimation is usually used to construct statistical intervals, however, its computational intensity is a big challenge for large complex surveys. Frequentist approaches, such as bootstrapping, and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation, are also applied but not evaluated in terms of the interval magnitude, width, and the computational time consumed. The 2013 Florida Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data was used as a case study. County-level estimated prevalence of three health-related outcomes was obtained through a GLMM;and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were generated from bootstrapping and MC simulation. The intervals were compared to 95% credential intervals through a hierarchial Bayesian model. The results showed that 95% CIs for county-level estimates of each outcome by using MC simulation were similar to the 95% credible intervals generated by Bayesian estimation and were the most computationally efficient. It could be a viable option for constructing statistical intervals for small area estimation in public health practice.
文摘Objective:Sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for physical and mental problems,such as cardiovascular,musculoskeletal diseases,and psychological stress.About 60% of the world’s population is not sufficiently physically active in leisure time or during work and social activities.This study aimed to determine the prevalence of inactive Jordanian adults and describe their demo-graphic and behavioral characteristics.Methods:The study used data from the behavioral risk factors surveillance survey conducted in Jordan in 2007.The sample size was 3654.Respondents who were physically inactive for more than 240 min daily(sleep time not included)were considered to have a sedentary lifestyle.Data were analyzed with the program SPSS.Results:The prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle was 82.8%(2965 respondents),with a mean sedentary time of 587 min(95%confidence interval 581-594 min).Among the physically inactive adults,52.6% were men,one third of them aged 35-44 years.Sedentary lifestyle was reported by 30% of those with a secondary level of education or above.Of those with a sedentary lifestyle,37.6% were housewives and 37.5% were employees;66% of them were overweight and obese.Of the physically inactive people,2.5%had a history of heart failure and 1.3%had a history of cer-ebrovascular accidents;57.2% of them tried to engage more in physical activity and almost three quarters of them were interested in improving their dietary habits.Conclusion:Most Jordanian adults have a sedentary lifestyle,which emphasizes that there is a public health problem.Many of them are attempting to lead a healthier lifestyle.Therefore,there is an urgent need to launch an applicable national plan that enables people to practice a healthier lifestyle.
