西尼罗病毒(West Nile virus,WNV)是重要的虫媒病毒之一。美国自1999年首次在纽约市发现WNV以来,在WNV感染风险监测和管理方面进行了大量的研究和实践。建立的以蚊子、鸟类为基础的环境监测系统,不仅起到了对WNV感染早期预警的关键作用...西尼罗病毒(West Nile virus,WNV)是重要的虫媒病毒之一。美国自1999年首次在纽约市发现WNV以来,在WNV感染风险监测和管理方面进行了大量的研究和实践。建立的以蚊子、鸟类为基础的环境监测系统,不仅起到了对WNV感染早期预警的关键作用,同时还为下一步制定防控措施提供了依据;采取的虫媒综合管理和分阶段风险响应管理等措施,成功控制了WNV的传染源和传播途径,为减轻其对公共卫生的影响起到了关键作用。本文介绍了美国WNV流行情况、风险监测方法及风险管理措施,以期对我国WNV感染等虫媒传播人兽共患病的流行病学研究、早期预警、口岸风险分析以及科学防控提供依据。展开更多
目的为中国实施药品风险管理提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普及PubMed,EMBase,Web of Science数据库中关于药品风险管理的文献,以及美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)、欧洲药品管理局(EMA)、日本医药品医疗器械综合机构(PMDA)...目的为中国实施药品风险管理提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普及PubMed,EMBase,Web of Science数据库中关于药品风险管理的文献,以及美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)、欧洲药品管理局(EMA)、日本医药品医疗器械综合机构(PMDA)和国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)官网的相关内容,时间为自建库起至2022年6月10日。归纳总结药品风险管理的概况、组成与发展。结果美国、欧盟和日本均已形成较成熟的药品风险管理体系,中国的药品风险管理正处于快速发展阶段。结论借鉴欧盟、美国、日本成熟的药品风险管理体系,完善、推动中国药品风险管理体系建设与落地实施。展开更多
To reduce flood losses,floodplain managers make decisions on how to effectively manage their community’s flood risks.While there is a growing body of research that examines how individuals and households make decisio...To reduce flood losses,floodplain managers make decisions on how to effectively manage their community’s flood risks.While there is a growing body of research that examines how individuals and households make decisions to manage their flood risks,far less attention has been directed at understanding the decision-making processes for flood management at the community level.This study aimed to narrow this research gap by examining floodplain managers’perceptions of the quality of their community’s flood management decision-making processes.Data gathered from interviews with 200 floodplain managers in the United States indicate that most floodplain managers perceive their community’s flood management decision-making processes to be good.The results also indicate that communities participating in the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Community Rating System,as well as communities with a higher level of concern for flooding and a lower poverty rate,are significantly more likely to report better flood management decision-making processes.展开更多
文摘西尼罗病毒(West Nile virus,WNV)是重要的虫媒病毒之一。美国自1999年首次在纽约市发现WNV以来,在WNV感染风险监测和管理方面进行了大量的研究和实践。建立的以蚊子、鸟类为基础的环境监测系统,不仅起到了对WNV感染早期预警的关键作用,同时还为下一步制定防控措施提供了依据;采取的虫媒综合管理和分阶段风险响应管理等措施,成功控制了WNV的传染源和传播途径,为减轻其对公共卫生的影响起到了关键作用。本文介绍了美国WNV流行情况、风险监测方法及风险管理措施,以期对我国WNV感染等虫媒传播人兽共患病的流行病学研究、早期预警、口岸风险分析以及科学防控提供依据。
文摘目的为中国实施药品风险管理提供参考。方法计算机检索中国知网、万方、维普及PubMed,EMBase,Web of Science数据库中关于药品风险管理的文献,以及美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)、欧洲药品管理局(EMA)、日本医药品医疗器械综合机构(PMDA)和国家药品监督管理局(NMPA)官网的相关内容,时间为自建库起至2022年6月10日。归纳总结药品风险管理的概况、组成与发展。结果美国、欧盟和日本均已形成较成熟的药品风险管理体系,中国的药品风险管理正处于快速发展阶段。结论借鉴欧盟、美国、日本成熟的药品风险管理体系,完善、推动中国药品风险管理体系建设与落地实施。
基金funded by the US National Science Foundation(NSF)Grant No.1838421。
文摘To reduce flood losses,floodplain managers make decisions on how to effectively manage their community’s flood risks.While there is a growing body of research that examines how individuals and households make decisions to manage their flood risks,far less attention has been directed at understanding the decision-making processes for flood management at the community level.This study aimed to narrow this research gap by examining floodplain managers’perceptions of the quality of their community’s flood management decision-making processes.Data gathered from interviews with 200 floodplain managers in the United States indicate that most floodplain managers perceive their community’s flood management decision-making processes to be good.The results also indicate that communities participating in the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s Community Rating System,as well as communities with a higher level of concern for flooding and a lower poverty rate,are significantly more likely to report better flood management decision-making processes.
