As the frontier of intelligent computing technology,affective computing has been used in border inspection,case investigation,crime assessment,public opinion management,traffic management and other scenarios of public...As the frontier of intelligent computing technology,affective computing has been used in border inspection,case investigation,crime assessment,public opinion management,traffic management and other scenarios of public governance.However,there are still public risks associated with its failure to meet the basic requirements of modern public governance,and these risks are rooted in its technical characteristics.The technical characteristics of turning emotions into signals can give rise to such problems as degrading the right to informed consent,de-governance,and undermining human dignity when applied in public governance,and consequently can lead to social rights anxiety.Additionally,the affective modeling characteristics of affective computing tend to incur the rights risks of insufficient algorithm accuracy,algorithmic discrimination,and algorithmic black boxes.To avoid these risks,it is necessary to adopt the dynamic consent model as the premise for applying affective computing in public governance,and to regulate the auxiliary application of affective computing in public governance in a hierarchical manner,to achieve a balance between the application of affective computing technology and the protection of citizens'rights and the maintenance of public ethics.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Because of the shortage of deceased donors with livers fit for transplantation, living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is becoming an attractive alternative. Attention should be paid to the donors, espe...BACKGROUND: Because of the shortage of deceased donors with livers fit for transplantation, living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is becoming an attractive alternative. Attention should be paid to the donors, especially to those of the right lobe. In this study, we evaluated the risks faced by donors of the right lobe for adult-to-adult LDLT. METHODS: The perioperative data from 105 consecutive living donors of the right lobe performed in West China Hospital from January 2002 to December 2007 were retrospectively studied. Preoperative evaluation included CT, MRCP, and intraoperative cholangiography, showing liver volume, hepatic vasculature and the biliary system. The standard liver volume (SLV) and the ratio of left lobe volume to SLV were calculated. The right lobe grafts were obtained by transecting the liver on the right side of the middle hepatic vein without inflow vascular occlusion, using an ultrasonic dissector. After operation the donors were monitored in the Intensive Care Unit for about three days. Each donor was followed up for at least 6 months. RESULTS: There was no donor mortality. Major complications occurred in 14 donors (13.3%), of whom 3 received conservative treatment, 8 required invasive paracentesis, and 3 required further surgery. All donors were recovered well and resumed their previous occupations. CONCLUSIONS: Donors of the right lobe face low risks. The preoperative evaluation, especially evaluation of the volume of the remnant liver, should be exact. During the operation, the patency of the remnant hepatic vasculature and bile duct must be preserved, and the extent of injury to the remnant liver should be limited as much as possible. The detection and treatment of postoperative complications should be diligently performed.展开更多
基金a phased achievement of the 2020 Youth Fund Project of the Ministry of Education in Humanities and Social Sciences of China,titled“Legislative Research on Collaborative Dispute Resolution Mechanisms for Medical Disputes in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area”(Project Number 20YJC820023)。
文摘As the frontier of intelligent computing technology,affective computing has been used in border inspection,case investigation,crime assessment,public opinion management,traffic management and other scenarios of public governance.However,there are still public risks associated with its failure to meet the basic requirements of modern public governance,and these risks are rooted in its technical characteristics.The technical characteristics of turning emotions into signals can give rise to such problems as degrading the right to informed consent,de-governance,and undermining human dignity when applied in public governance,and consequently can lead to social rights anxiety.Additionally,the affective modeling characteristics of affective computing tend to incur the rights risks of insufficient algorithm accuracy,algorithmic discrimination,and algorithmic black boxes.To avoid these risks,it is necessary to adopt the dynamic consent model as the premise for applying affective computing in public governance,and to regulate the auxiliary application of affective computing in public governance in a hierarchical manner,to achieve a balance between the application of affective computing technology and the protection of citizens'rights and the maintenance of public ethics.
文摘BACKGROUND: Because of the shortage of deceased donors with livers fit for transplantation, living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is becoming an attractive alternative. Attention should be paid to the donors, especially to those of the right lobe. In this study, we evaluated the risks faced by donors of the right lobe for adult-to-adult LDLT. METHODS: The perioperative data from 105 consecutive living donors of the right lobe performed in West China Hospital from January 2002 to December 2007 were retrospectively studied. Preoperative evaluation included CT, MRCP, and intraoperative cholangiography, showing liver volume, hepatic vasculature and the biliary system. The standard liver volume (SLV) and the ratio of left lobe volume to SLV were calculated. The right lobe grafts were obtained by transecting the liver on the right side of the middle hepatic vein without inflow vascular occlusion, using an ultrasonic dissector. After operation the donors were monitored in the Intensive Care Unit for about three days. Each donor was followed up for at least 6 months. RESULTS: There was no donor mortality. Major complications occurred in 14 donors (13.3%), of whom 3 received conservative treatment, 8 required invasive paracentesis, and 3 required further surgery. All donors were recovered well and resumed their previous occupations. CONCLUSIONS: Donors of the right lobe face low risks. The preoperative evaluation, especially evaluation of the volume of the remnant liver, should be exact. During the operation, the patency of the remnant hepatic vasculature and bile duct must be preserved, and the extent of injury to the remnant liver should be limited as much as possible. The detection and treatment of postoperative complications should be diligently performed.
