To investigate contract stability in the company and farmer mode and to explore control measures of market price risk and production risk,a multiperiod game model was established in this study.Considering multiple per...To investigate contract stability in the company and farmer mode and to explore control measures of market price risk and production risk,a multiperiod game model was established in this study.Considering multiple periods and losses caused by deaths simultaneously,a stable contract price interval depending on the breaching penalty,transaction cost,spot market price,and quantity of pigs was observed.Results indicate that the higher the penalty and transaction cost savings,the better the stability of the contract;the contract price should be negotiated around the weighted average of the spot market price.When the production risk is higher,hog insurance can significantly improve the contract stability;when the market price is lower,hog price index insurance improves the contract stability by guaranteeing the company income;when the market price is higher,the profit-returning mechanism improves the stability by protecting farmers incomes.Applying three measures simultaneously results in the best stability.Examples based on data from 2014 to 2018 in Henan Province,China,were given.展开更多
By using risk-adjusted price signals to transfer responsibility for property-level flood protection and recovery from governments to property owners,flood insurance represents a key tenet of the flood risk management(...By using risk-adjusted price signals to transfer responsibility for property-level flood protection and recovery from governments to property owners,flood insurance represents a key tenet of the flood risk management(FRM)paradigm.The Government of Canada has worked with insurers to introduce flood insurance for the first time as a part of a broader shift towards FRM to limit the growing costs of flooding.The viability of flood insurance in Canada,however,has been questioned by research that disputes the utility of purchasing coverage by property owners.This study tested this assumption by drawing on public opinion survey data to assess factors that influence decisions about the utility of insurance.The findings reveal that Canadians have limited knowledge of flood insurance coverage,exhibit a low willingness-to-pay for both insurance and property-level flood protection measures,and expect governments to shoulder much of the financial burden of flood recovery through disaster assistance.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72071039)Major Science and Technology Projects in Yunnan Province(No.202102AC080003)。
文摘To investigate contract stability in the company and farmer mode and to explore control measures of market price risk and production risk,a multiperiod game model was established in this study.Considering multiple periods and losses caused by deaths simultaneously,a stable contract price interval depending on the breaching penalty,transaction cost,spot market price,and quantity of pigs was observed.Results indicate that the higher the penalty and transaction cost savings,the better the stability of the contract;the contract price should be negotiated around the weighted average of the spot market price.When the production risk is higher,hog insurance can significantly improve the contract stability;when the market price is lower,hog price index insurance improves the contract stability by guaranteeing the company income;when the market price is higher,the profit-returning mechanism improves the stability by protecting farmers incomes.Applying three measures simultaneously results in the best stability.Examples based on data from 2014 to 2018 in Henan Province,China,were given.
基金funded by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada under Grant 430-201500521。
文摘By using risk-adjusted price signals to transfer responsibility for property-level flood protection and recovery from governments to property owners,flood insurance represents a key tenet of the flood risk management(FRM)paradigm.The Government of Canada has worked with insurers to introduce flood insurance for the first time as a part of a broader shift towards FRM to limit the growing costs of flooding.The viability of flood insurance in Canada,however,has been questioned by research that disputes the utility of purchasing coverage by property owners.This study tested this assumption by drawing on public opinion survey data to assess factors that influence decisions about the utility of insurance.The findings reveal that Canadians have limited knowledge of flood insurance coverage,exhibit a low willingness-to-pay for both insurance and property-level flood protection measures,and expect governments to shoulder much of the financial burden of flood recovery through disaster assistance.
