为实现复杂环境下道路路面裂缝的高效检测,提出基于改进YOLOv8的路面裂缝检测方法。为减少模型参数量,采用Ghost Conv代替传统卷积,构建新的C2f模块,并改进损失函数,在回归损失中加入归一化Wasserstein距离损失来弥补交并比(Intersectio...为实现复杂环境下道路路面裂缝的高效检测,提出基于改进YOLOv8的路面裂缝检测方法。为减少模型参数量,采用Ghost Conv代替传统卷积,构建新的C2f模块,并改进损失函数,在回归损失中加入归一化Wasserstein距离损失来弥补交并比(Intersection over Union,Iou)损失的缺点。为克服样本不平衡带来的问题,将分类损失修改为变焦损失函数。测试结果表明,该算法具有良好的检测效果,可以准确检测图片中的所有裂缝。展开更多
基于离散元法(discrete element method,DEM)建立沥青混合料二维劈裂(indirect tensile,IDT)试验模型,研究集料模型、集料形状、空隙率,以及加载方位角等因素对混合料低温劈裂虚拟试验结果(劈裂强度和最大水平拉应力)的影响。结果表明:...基于离散元法(discrete element method,DEM)建立沥青混合料二维劈裂(indirect tensile,IDT)试验模型,研究集料模型、集料形状、空隙率,以及加载方位角等因素对混合料低温劈裂虚拟试验结果(劈裂强度和最大水平拉应力)的影响。结果表明:沥青混合料低温虚拟劈裂试验时,集料模型对数值模拟计算效率、内部结构中的接触力链和裂纹扩展路径等有很大影响;实际边界模型较等效椭圆形与等效多边形模型其数值模拟结果变异性较小;空隙率大小对劈裂强度及水平向最大拉应力有显著影响,随空隙率的增大两者均有不同程度的减小;不同加载方位角下的劈裂试验数值模拟结果呈各向异性。展开更多
Exact simulation of the acoustic performance is essential to the engineering application for a vehicle intake system. The rectangular-pulse method based on the computational fluid dynamics approach was employed for ca...Exact simulation of the acoustic performance is essential to the engineering application for a vehicle intake system. The rectangular-pulse method based on the computational fluid dynamics approach was employed for calculating the transmission loss. Firstly, the transmission loss of the single-cavity element was simulated without any airflow, and the effects of different structural parameters on the acoustic performance were investigated comprehensively. Secondly, the static transmission loss of the perforated intake pipe was obtained by the rectangular-pulse method, which is proved to be accurate enough compared with the result by finite element method. Thirdly, under the different conditions of the mean airflow and the operating temperature, the specific transmission loss was acquired respectively. In general, the peaks of the transmission loss are shifted to the lower frequency range because of the reverse airflow, but the amplitudes are irregularly changed. Besides, when the operating temperature increases, the peaks are shifted to the higher frequencies. Finally, with the designed perforated pipe installed to the intake system, the road tests were proceeded to evaluate the actual acoustic performance, and the result indicates that the intake sound pressure level is greatly attenuated. Typically in the range of 600–1500 Hz, the insertion loss of the intake noise at the decelerating moment is almost 20 d B(A), and the overall noise is reduced more than 14.2 d B(A). In conclusion, the perforated intake pipe has been proved excellent in improving the acoustic performance of intake system and could provide the guidance for the automotive engineering application.展开更多
文摘为实现复杂环境下道路路面裂缝的高效检测,提出基于改进YOLOv8的路面裂缝检测方法。为减少模型参数量,采用Ghost Conv代替传统卷积,构建新的C2f模块,并改进损失函数,在回归损失中加入归一化Wasserstein距离损失来弥补交并比(Intersection over Union,Iou)损失的缺点。为克服样本不平衡带来的问题,将分类损失修改为变焦损失函数。测试结果表明,该算法具有良好的检测效果,可以准确检测图片中的所有裂缝。
文摘基于离散元法(discrete element method,DEM)建立沥青混合料二维劈裂(indirect tensile,IDT)试验模型,研究集料模型、集料形状、空隙率,以及加载方位角等因素对混合料低温劈裂虚拟试验结果(劈裂强度和最大水平拉应力)的影响。结果表明:沥青混合料低温虚拟劈裂试验时,集料模型对数值模拟计算效率、内部结构中的接触力链和裂纹扩展路径等有很大影响;实际边界模型较等效椭圆形与等效多边形模型其数值模拟结果变异性较小;空隙率大小对劈裂强度及水平向最大拉应力有显著影响,随空隙率的增大两者均有不同程度的减小;不同加载方位角下的劈裂试验数值模拟结果呈各向异性。
基金Project(51705454)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Exact simulation of the acoustic performance is essential to the engineering application for a vehicle intake system. The rectangular-pulse method based on the computational fluid dynamics approach was employed for calculating the transmission loss. Firstly, the transmission loss of the single-cavity element was simulated without any airflow, and the effects of different structural parameters on the acoustic performance were investigated comprehensively. Secondly, the static transmission loss of the perforated intake pipe was obtained by the rectangular-pulse method, which is proved to be accurate enough compared with the result by finite element method. Thirdly, under the different conditions of the mean airflow and the operating temperature, the specific transmission loss was acquired respectively. In general, the peaks of the transmission loss are shifted to the lower frequency range because of the reverse airflow, but the amplitudes are irregularly changed. Besides, when the operating temperature increases, the peaks are shifted to the higher frequencies. Finally, with the designed perforated pipe installed to the intake system, the road tests were proceeded to evaluate the actual acoustic performance, and the result indicates that the intake sound pressure level is greatly attenuated. Typically in the range of 600–1500 Hz, the insertion loss of the intake noise at the decelerating moment is almost 20 d B(A), and the overall noise is reduced more than 14.2 d B(A). In conclusion, the perforated intake pipe has been proved excellent in improving the acoustic performance of intake system and could provide the guidance for the automotive engineering application.
