Removal of a large rectal polyp with endoscopic submucosal dissection-trans-anal rectoscopic assisted minimally invasive surgery hybrid technique:A case report

BACKGROUND Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)can be used for the en-bloc removal of superficial rectal lesions;however,the lack of a traction system makes the procedure long and difficult in the presence of extensive lesions.CASE SUMMARY A large polyp occupying 2/3 of the rectal circumference and extending 5 cm in length was removed by ESD with the help of laparoscopic forceps introduced via trans-anal rectoscopic assisted minimally invasive surgery,a disposable platform designed to aid in transanal minimally invasive surgery.Traction of the polyp by forceps during the operation was dynamic,and applied at various points and in various directions.The polyp was removed en-bloc without complications in 1 h and 55 min.A sigmoidoscopy performed 50 d later showed normal healing without polyp recurrence.CONCLUSION The technique presented here could overcome the issues caused by lack of traction during ESD for rectal lesions.

Miniature 6-axis force/torque sensor for force feedback in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery

In order to restore force sensation to robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery(RMIS),design and performance evaluation of a miniature 6-axis force/torque sensor for force feedback is presented.Based on the resistive sensing method,a flexural-hinged Stewart platform is designed as the flexible structure,and a straightforward optimization method considering the force and sensitivity isotropy of the sensor is proposed to determine geometric parameters which are best suited for the given external loads.The accuracy of this method is preliminarily discussed by finite element methods(FEMs).The sensor prototype is fabricated with the development of the electronic system.Calibration and dynamic loading tests for this sensor prototype are carried out.The working ranges of this sensor prototype are 30 N and 300 N·mm,and resolutions are 0.08 N in radial directions,0.25 N in axial direction,and 2.4 N·mm in rotational directions.It also exhibits a good capability for a typical dynamic force sensing at a frequency close to the normal heart rate of an adult.The sensor is compatible with surgical instruments for force feedback in RMIS.

Minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer: A comparison between robotic, laparoscopic and open surgery

AIM To investigate the role of minimally invasive surgery for gastric cancer and determine surgical, clinical, and oncological outcomes.METHODS This is a propensity score-matched case-control study, comparing three treatment arms: robotic gastrectomy(RG), laparoscopic gastrectomy(LG), open gastrectomy(OG). Data collection started after sharing a specific study protocol. Data were recorded through a tailored and protected web-based system. Primary outcomes: harvested lymph nodes, estimated blood loss, hospital stay, complications rate. Among the secondary outcomes, there are: operative time, R0 resections, POD of mobilization, POD of starting liquid diet and soft solid diet. The analysis includes the evaluation of type and grade of postoperative complications. Detailed information of anastomotic leakages is also provided.RESULTS The present analysis was carried out of 1026 gastrectomies. To guarantee homogenous distribution of cases, patients in the RG, LG and OG groups were 1:1:2 matched using a propensity score analysis with a caliper = 0.2. The successful matching resulted in a total sample of 604 patients(RG = 151; LG = 151; OG = 302). The three groups showed no differences in all baseline patients characteristics, type of surgery(P = 0.42) and stage of the disease(P = 0.16). Intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the LG(95.93 ± 119.22) and RG(117.91 ± 68.11) groups compared to the OG(127.26 ± 79.50, P = 0.002). The mean number of retrieved lymph nodes was similar between the RG(27.78 ± 11.45), LG(24.58 ± 13.56) and OG(25.82 ± 12.07) approach. A benefit in favor of the minimally invasive approaches was found in the length of hospital stay(P < 0.0001). A similar complications rate was found(P = 0.13). The leakage rate was not different(P = 0.78) between groups.CONCLUSION Laparoscopic and robotic surgery can be safely performed and proposed as possible alternative to open surgery. The main highlighted benefit is a faster postoperative functional recovery.

Minimally invasive surgery for inflammatory bowel disease: Current perspectives

The surgical management of complicated and recurrent inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),has remained a challenge.Minimally invasive surgery(MIS),in the form of laparoscopic resections,single port approach and robotic-assisted dissections in the management of IBD,have been examined in several prospective studies.All of them have shown advantages over open surgeryin terms of reduction of physical trauma of surgery,recovery time,better cosmetic outcomes and shorter hospitalization.However,it is important to appreciate that not all patients with IBD are suitable for MIS,so a combination of both open and MIS should be adopted to achieve optimum outcomes.A review on this subject performed by Neumann et al in this issue of World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics have provided evidence in support of the contemporary practice of MIS in the management of IBD and the accompanying commentary further critically evaluates their application in clinical practice.

Computer-assisted minimally invasive spine surgery for resection of ossification of the ligamentum flavum in the thoracic spine

Background Ossification of the ligamentum flavum （OLF） has been widely recognized as one of the main causes of thoracic spinal canal stenosis and thoracic myelopathy.Decompression is the only effective strategy for treating thoracic myelopathy caused by OLF.The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical outcomes of computer-assisted minimally invasive spine surgery （CAMISS） for posterior decompression in patients with thoracic myelopathy caused by OLF.Methods In all cases,the surgical procedure was performed with the assistance of an intraoperative three-dimensional navigation system.Decompression of the spinal cord was performed with a high-speed drill; the supraspinal ligaments and spinous process were partially preserved.The outcomes were evaluated by a modified Japanese Orthopedic Association （JOA） scoring system and recovery rates.Results The mean duration of follow-up for the 14 cases was 3.9 years.All patients experienced neurological recovery,the mean JOA score improving from 6.1 points preoperatively to 8.6 points at final follow-up and the mean rate of recovery being 52.7% （excellent in two cases,good in eight,fair in three,and unchanged in one）.Conclusion CAMISS is a safe and effective procedure for resection of the OLF in the thoracic spine.

Minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion aided with computer-assisted spinal navigation system combined with electromyography monitoring

Background Minimally invasive techniques are gaining wide-spread application in lumbar fusion surgery, because they may have advantage over conventional open surgery in approach-related morbidity. This research was aimed to evaluate the safety and accuracy of the techniques of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion by using a computer-assisted spinal navigation system combined with electromyography monitoring. Methods Sixteen patients underwent minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion. A computer-assisted spinal navigation system and electromyography were used for guiding pedicle screw placement. The operative duration, blood loss, complications, and fluoroscopic time were recorded. Clinical outcome was assessed by Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index. Radiographic images were obtained to evaluate the accuracy of pedicle screw placement and fusion rates. Results The Visual Analog Scale and Oswestry Disability Index scores were vastly improved postoperatively. A total of 64 pedicle screws were implanted and three were regarded as misplacement by post-operative CT scan. Three screw trajectories were adjusted according to intra-operative stimulus-evoked electromyography monitoring. The average fluoroscopy time in each patient was 31.8 seconds, which equals to 7.9 seconds per pedicle screw. No patients had instrument related neurological complications, infection, implant failure or revision. Successful fusion was found in all patients. Conclusions The combination of navigation system and real-time electromyography monitoring can make the minimally invasive operation more safe and accurate while decreasing radiation exposure time of the medical staff and patient and minimizing the chance and the degree of the pedicle screw misplacement.

骨科手术机器人辅助经皮空心螺钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效分析

目的评估骨科手术机器人辅助下与徒手置钉治疗股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法回顾性选取2018年1月至2023年6月期间吉林大学第一医院收治的股骨颈骨折患者共40例为研究对象,将其中采用机器人辅助下手术的21例患者为机器人组,徒手置钉手术的19例患者为徒手组。比较两组患者术中及术后临床指标。结果机器人组患者的手术时间、术中透视次数、术中导针调整次数以及术后1年Harris评分等方面均优于徒手置钉组,组间差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者的骨折愈合时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论天玑骨科手术机器人辅助股骨颈骨折治疗具有精准、高效、智能等显著优势,使用机器人辅助手术可缩短手术时间,减少手术相关副损伤发生的可能,值得进一步推广及应用。

基于虚拟现实技术的腹腔镜模拟操作训练与传统训练在小儿泌尿微创手术教学中的应用对比

目的:比较基于虚拟现实技术的腹腔镜模拟操作训练与传统训练在小儿泌尿微创手术教学中的应用效果。方法:回顾性分析2020年9月至2023年9月在上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院(传统组)及中国人民解放军总医院第七医学中心(混合组)参加小儿泌尿外科微创技术培训的学员参训数据,共24名学员纳入研究,其中传统组10名,混合组14名,均无腹腔镜主刀手术经验。传统组全程以传统腹腔镜训练模拟器进行训练,混合组采用传统腹腔镜结合LapSim虚拟现实技术进行训练。比较两组学员基线数据、项目结业考核手术操作及患者围术期数据,手术操作视频评分参考整体腹腔镜技能评分表(GOALS),由同一位考官进行评估。统计学方法采用t检验、卡方检验和Fisher精确检验。结果:两组学员的年龄、性别、学历、职称比较差异均无统计学意义(P值分别为0.576、1.000、1.000、0.615)。两组参加培训项目时长均为3个月(其中48学时操作训练)。考核手术为腹腔镜下睾丸下降固定术,两组平均手术时间、患儿术后1周超声情况比较差异均无统计学意义(P值分别为0.070、0.417);两组学员GOALS评分传统组平均为(16.4±1.3)分,混合组平均为(17.9±1.0)分,差异有统计学意义(t=3.312,P=0.003);两组GOALS评分分项双手协调性、操作效率、组织损伤控制、独立完成手术能力比较差异无统计学意义(P值分别为0.636、0.862、0.089、0.278);传统组深度感知评分平均为(3.2±0.6)分,混合组平均为(3.8±0.7)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=2.103,P=0.047)。结论:综合利用传统腹腔镜训练模拟器结合虚拟现实模拟操作训练可以更加高效地进行儿童泌尿外科微创技术训练,具有一定的临床推广意义。

中等量高血压脑出血机器人辅助穿刺微创手术与保守治疗的临床研究

目的:探究中等量高血压脑出血机器人辅助穿刺微创手术与保守治疗比较。方法:选取2021年7月~2022年7月华中科技大学协和深圳医院100例中等量高血压脑出血患者,采用随机数字表法分为参照组(保守治疗)和试验组(机器人辅助穿刺微创手术)各50例,对干预效果进行比较。结果:试验组总有效率94.00%高于参照组72.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组失血量、手术、血肿清除、脑脊液恢复、置管引流、住院时长均少于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),手术后1 min、1 d、3 d试验组的颅内压小于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组手术前的炎性因子比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),试验组手术后的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白介素-6(IL-6)均小于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),研究对象手术前的神经功能缺损(NIHSS)、日常生活能力(ADL)、格拉斯昏迷评分(GCS)、格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),试验组手术后的NIHSS评分低于参照组,但ADL、GCS、GOS评分高于参照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:机器人辅助穿刺微创手术能够快速降低患者颅内压,并清除血肿,缩短住院天数,促进炎性反应消失,改善患者神经功能,促进预后。

真空辅助微创旋切术与传统开放手术治疗乳腺良性肿瘤的效果比较

目的:比较真空辅助微创旋切术与传统开放手术治疗乳腺良性肿瘤的效果。方法:选取2021年6月—2022年5月滨州市中心医院收治的200例乳腺良性肿瘤患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,各100例。对照组接受传统开放手术治疗,研究组接受真空辅助微创旋切术治疗。比较两组治疗效果。结果:研究组手术时间、住院时间、切口长度短于对照组,术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活评分高于治疗前,且研究组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组治疗满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.011)。研究组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.014)。结论:与传统开放手术相比,真空辅助微创旋切术治疗乳腺良性肿瘤的效果更优,可减少术中出血量,缩短切口长度,促进术后康复,改善患者生活质量,提高患者满意度,降低并发症发生率。

关节镜辅助复位内固定结合加速康复外科与开放复位内固定治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折的疗效比较

目的探讨关节镜辅助复位内固定(arthroscopically-assisted reduction and internal fixation,ARIF)结合加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)理念与开放复位内固定(open reduction and internal fixation,ORIF)治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折的临床疗效差异。方法回顾性选择2020年1月至2022年11月徐州市中心医院骨科胫骨平台后外侧骨折患者70例,根据治疗方法分为ARIF组(结合ERAS,n=32)和ORIF组(未结合ERAS,n=38)。所有患者住院后均通过影像学检查评估骨折类型,比较两组患者的手术时间、住院时间,采用视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评估患者术后早期疼痛,美国特种外科医院(hospital for special surgery,HSS)评分评估患者术后3个月膝关节功能,比较两组患者术后6个月双侧大腿周径差值。结果ARIF组患者的手术时间显著短于ORIF组[(67.84±9.89)min vs(85.16±9.18)min,P<0.001],住院时间显著短于ORIF组[(7.13±1.41)d vs(8.74±1.84)d,P<0.001]。术后第3天,ARIF组的VAS评分显著低于ORIF组[(4.00±1.44)分vs(5.39±1.24)分,P<0.001]。术后3个月,ARIF组患者的膝关节功能显著优于ORIF组,术后6个月髌骨上10 cm大腿周径差值显著小于ORIF组(P<0.001)。结论与ORIF相比,接受ARIF结合ERAS治疗胫骨平台后外侧骨折的患者术后恢复更快、住院时间更短、临床疗效更确切。

CT定位辅助下微创穿刺引流术对高血压脑出血患者神经功能缺损评分与并发症发生情况的影响

目的探讨CT定位辅助下微创穿刺引流术对高血压脑出血(HICH)患者神经功能缺损评分与并发症发生情况的影响。方法选取2019年1月至2022年3月昌邑市人民医院收治的96例HICH患者作为研究对象,按照奇偶数法分为A组与B组,每组48例。A组行CT定位辅助下微创穿刺引流术治疗,B组行小骨窗开颅血肿清除术治疗,比较两组基本手术指标、神经功能损伤程度[神经功能缺损评分(NFDS)]及日常生活能力[Barthel指数评定量表(BI)]、生命质量[脑卒中影响量表(SIS)]、血管内皮功能[一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素-1(ET-1)]、并发症发生情况、不良事件发生情况。结果A组术中出血量少于B组,住院时间短于B组,血肿清除率高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组NFDS评分均低于治疗前,BI评分均高于治疗前,且A组NFDS评分低于B组,BI评分高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组交流、日常生活能力、移动能力、情感、参与、力气、手功能、记忆与思维评分均高于治疗前,且A组高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组NO水平均高于治疗前,ET-1水平均低于治疗前,且A组NO水平高于B组,ET-1水平低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。A组并发症发生率低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良事件发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论CT定位辅助下微创穿刺引流术疗效更佳,可有效减轻患者神经功能损伤,减少并发症发生,值得临床推广应用。

微创左心室辅助装置植入术的体外循环管理1例报告

左心室辅助装置(left ventricular assist device,LVAD)是救治终末期心衰患者的重要措施之一[1-2]。传统LVAD植入术需要在体外循环(extracorporeal circulation,ECC)心脏停跳下完成手术。随着微创心脏外科的发展及第三代心室辅助装置(ventricular assist device,VAD)的小型化,导致新的植入技术的创新与发展,同微创LVAD植入手术相配合的ECC技术也随之相应的有所变化。现总结1例微创左心室辅助装置植入术的ECC管理经验,以供临床参考和借鉴。

机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科的发展与展望

近年来,单孔腹腔镜技术一直是外科领域迫切需要但难以攻克的微创难点技术之一。机器人手术系统作为现阶段微创外科领域最先进的技术已广泛应用于临床,与此同时机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术也发生了巨大的飞跃。目前,机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜手术在临床的应用还处于快速成长阶段,其中也存在诸多的挑战。本文通过对国内外相关文献进行综合分析,介绍了机器人辅助单孔腹腔镜技术在泌尿外科领域的发展现状,并进一步展望机器人辅助单孔手术在泌尿外科的发展前景。

腹腔镜直肠癌根治术第一助手操作及配合要点

直肠癌是常见的消化系统恶性肿瘤,手术是最有效的治疗手段。随着腹腔镜设备的更新及手术水平的提升,腹腔镜直肠癌根治术已成为首选。手术团队间的默契配合是手术成功的关键。本文通过对腹腔镜直肠癌根治术中各个重要操作场景的详细讲解,阐述第一助手的操作要领及配合方法。

超声下真空辅助微创旋切用于乳腺良性肿瘤的效果

目的:分析超声下真空辅助微创旋切(VABB)用于乳腺良性肿瘤的效果。方法:选取2020年8月至2023年1月驻马店市中医院乳甲外科乳腺良性肿瘤患者86例,随机分为开放术组(n=43)和VABB组(n=43)。开放术组采用开放术式,VABB组采用VABB术式,比较两组效果。结果:与开放术组比较,VABB组切口长度短、术中操作时长短、住院天数短,出血量少,术后视觉模拟评分(VAS)低,乳腺外观美容各维度评分高(P<0.05);VABB组5-羟色胺(5-HT)、前列腺素E2(PGE2)、神经肽Y(NPY)与开放术组对比无显著差异(P>0.05);VABB组并发症2例(4.65%)较开放术组9例(20.93%)低(P<0.05)。结论:VABB治疗乳腺良性肿瘤可减轻创伤,提高治疗安全性。

“微创中的微创”——结直肠肿瘤NOSES的发展与应用

本文系统阐述了经自然腔道取标本手术(NOSES)在结直肠肿瘤治疗中的起源和发展,并通过分析相关回顾性研究总结NOSES手术应用于结直肠肿瘤治疗的科学性、可行性和临床优势。同时,文章还指出NOSES手术在操作技术和适应证选择上尚存在一定限制,需要不断优化和完善。随着科技进步,NOSES手术正不断融合新技术,使其在结直肠外科和多学科领域的应用前景广阔。

机器人辅助与导航辅助治疗骨样骨瘤的回顾性队列研究

目的本研究旨在比较机器人辅助和导航辅助技术在骨样骨瘤治疗中的安全性和有效性,通过回顾性队列研究分析两种技术辅助下患者在手术时间、出血量、成功率、术后并发症及恢复情况等方面的差异。方法纳入2022年8月至2023年12月期间在首都医科大学附属北京积水潭医院接受机器人辅助或导航辅助治疗的64例骨样骨瘤患者(机器人辅助组,n=25;导航辅助组,n=39)。收集患者的年龄、性别、病灶部位、术前病灶大小、出血量、手术时间、随访时间、术前和出院前视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Score,VAS)、成功率等数据,进行描述性统计分析和比较分析。结果两组患者在年龄、性别、病灶部位、术前病灶大小、术前VAS评分和随访时间上差异无统计学意义。机器人辅助组的手术时间显著短于导航辅助组[(102.64±21.65)min vs(120.46±30.98)min,P=0.025]。机器人辅助组与导航辅助组出血量分别为[50(20,50)mL vs 50(20,100)mL],但两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.287)。两组在出院前VAS评分变化上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组治疗成功率均为100%。结论机器人辅助手术在骨样骨瘤治疗中具有显著的优势,尤其在手术时间和手术精度方面表现优越。未来的研究应进一步探索这两种技术的长期效果和经济性,以为临床实践提供更全面的指导。

负压辅助静脉引流技术在心脏外科应用进展与挑战

负压辅助静脉引流(VAVD)技术是一种通过在密闭的储血器内施加负压以增加静脉引流量的技术。在心脏外科手术中,特别是微创心脏手术和低体重患者的手术中,VAVD技术因其能够提高静脉回流效率、减少体外循环(CPB)预充量及改善手术视野的显著优势而得到广泛应用。本文综述了VAVD技术的基本原理、在心脏外科中的临床应用及其带来的技术优势,包括提高手术安全性和减少术中并发症。此外,还探讨了VAVD技术在实际应用中所面临的挑战,如气体栓塞风险、血液损伤、设备的复杂性及较高的操作要求等。为解决这些问题,本文提出了改进措施和未来研究方向,以期进一步优化VAVD技术的应用,提高其在心脏外科手术中的可靠性和安全性,促进VAVD技术在心脏外科中的广泛应用和持续改进。

胸腔镜辅助右腋下小切口心脏手术中使用改良del Nido液临床经验总结

目的总结胸腔镜辅助右腋下小切口心脏手术中使用改良del Nido液行心肌保护的临床效果。方法回顾性分析本院自2018年开展胸腔镜辅助右腋下小切口心脏手术以来,采用4份血比1份del Nido液混合组成改良del Nido液,以每隔60 min复灌一次的方法实施心肌保护措施的患者临床资料。包括患者术前一般特征、术中资料、术后心肌损伤标志物与术后转归等。结果5年期间体外循环中采用改良del Nido液使心脏停跳下微创手术908例。围术期主要指标:①心脏自动复跳率为93.28%。②所有患者术后24 h内心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)较术前均有明显增高(P<0.05)。主动脉阻断时间在90 min内,单次灌注时间≤60 min与61~90 min组相比较cTnI无显著性差异(P=0.116);主动脉阻断时间超过90 min,cTnI随着灌注间隔时间延长而增高,灌注间隔时间61~90 min组与>90 min组比较无显著性差异,但均较≤60 min组显著增高(P=0.026,P=0.010)。③微创心脏手术总体预后较佳,术后30 d内死亡率仅1.87%。结论在胸腔镜辅助右腋下小切口心脏手术中使用改良del Nido液单次灌注可使心脏长时间停搏;每隔60 min间断灌注心肌及单次灌注不超过90 min是安全有效的。