Pomegranate rind is abundantly available as a waste material. Pomegranate Rind Extract (PRE) can be applied to cotton fabrics for its natural colours, as a mordanting agent and also for imparting certain functional pr...Pomegranate rind is abundantly available as a waste material. Pomegranate Rind Extract (PRE) can be applied to cotton fabrics for its natural colours, as a mordanting agent and also for imparting certain functional properties such as fire retardancy and antimicrobial properties. This paper reviews the feasibility of Pomegranate Rind Extract to improve the functional properties of cellulosic fabrics. Studies show that varying concentrations and higher temperatures that were used to apply the extract on the fabric, resulted in enhanced functional properties. At a particular concentration, the treated fabric showed a 15 times lower burning rate in comparison with the control fabric. Also, antimicrobial efficacy has been observed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Due to the natural colouring material, it can be used as a natural dye on cotton material. The fire retardancy of pomegranate rind extract was tested on jute material under varying alkalinity. Research has indicated that pomegranate rind extract could be used to dye polyamide as well. The rubbing and wash fastness of the finished fabrics is good. The light fastness was fair, and its antibacterial efficiency against tested bacteria was good.展开更多
Saxicolous species of lichens are able to induce and accelerate weathering of their rock substrate, and effects of lichens on substrate can be attributed to both physical and chemical causes. This paper is focused on ...Saxicolous species of lichens are able to induce and accelerate weathering of their rock substrate, and effects of lichens on substrate can be attributed to both physical and chemical causes. This paper is focused on biotic weathering actions of epilithic and endolithic species on the different rock types (sandstones and volcanogenic rocks) in Antarctica. The patterns, mechanisms, processes and neoformations of rock-weathering resulting from lichen colonization are expounded in detail. Furthermore, it is pointed out that, for a better understanding of the impacts of lichens on environments, the studies on the rate of biotic weathering and the comprehensive involvement of the lichen effects on weathering of natural rocks remain to be carried out in Antarctica.展开更多
This study was designed to bridge gap in nutritionally skewed available biscuits and the high volume of agricultural waste generated by investigating the quality of biscuits prepared from wheat base, supplemented with...This study was designed to bridge gap in nutritionally skewed available biscuits and the high volume of agricultural waste generated by investigating the quality of biscuits prepared from wheat base, supplemented with waste from watermelon rinds and orange pomace as possible nutritious alternatives. Biscuit samples were respectively produced from blends of wheat, watermelon rind and orange pomace in the following ratio 100:0:0;90:5:5;80:10:10;70:15:15 and 60:20:20, labelled samples A, B, C, D and E. F</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">unctional, proximate, mineral and sensory properties of the formulated biscuit samples</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were carried out using standard analytical procedures. The results showed that p</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">roximate composition of samples B - E significantly increased (p < 0.05) except for carbohydrate content when compared with sample A used as control. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">There were also significant increases (p < 0.05) in mineral contents of supplemented samples compared to control. The result of the sensory evaluation showed that wheat flour can be substituted with watermelon rind and orange pomace flours up to 10% without adversely affecting the overall quality attributes of the biscuits. These results indicate the robustness of food value addition as an effective means of improving nutritional quality of biscuits while contributing to waste management in the agricultural value chain.展开更多
Equilibrium adsorption studies for detoxification of Congo Red (CR) dye from single component model wastewater by powdered watermelon rinds and neem leaves adsorbents were carried out with the view to test the applica...Equilibrium adsorption studies for detoxification of Congo Red (CR) dye from single component model wastewater by powdered watermelon rinds and neem leaves adsorbents were carried out with the view to test the applicability of the adsorption process to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Harkins-Jura isotherm models. The values of correlation coefficient, R2 (0.9359 - 0.9998), showed that all the experimental data fitted the linear plots of the tested isotherm models. Dubinin-Radushkevich’s monolayer maximum adsorption capacity qD (20.72 - 26.06 mg/g) is better than Langmuir’s qm (18.62 - 24.75 mg/g) for both adsorbents with the capacities higher for adsorption on watermelon rind than on neem leaves. Values of Langmuir separation factor (RL) suggest unfavourable adsorption processes (i.e. chemisorption) of the dye on both the adsorbents, while Freundlich constant (nF) indicates unfavourable process only for CR adsorption onto neem leaves. The Dubinin-Radushkevich’s mean free energy of adsorption, E (0.29 - 0.32 kJ/mol), suggests physical adsorption processes. Values for Temkin’s heat of adsorption, bT (-0.95 to 0.74 kJ/mol), also show physical adsorption process.展开更多
Durian rind wastes are an important raw material for activated carbon production due to their renewable sources and low-cost materials.The efficiency of increasing surface area and the quantity of oxygen groups on the...Durian rind wastes are an important raw material for activated carbon production due to their renewable sources and low-cost materials.The efficiency of increasing surface area and the quantity of oxygen groups on the surface of activated carbon were studied for the preparation of activated carbon.The preparation of activated carbon has been studied with the different methods as follows:activation by acid,activation by base,hydrothermal and activation by acid,and hydrothermal and activation by base.The results showed that hydrothermal and activation by acid had high iodine number which was chosen to determine the optimum condition for activated carbon preparation.The optimum condition for preparation of durian rind activated carbon was studied by Box-Behnken design.Solid/water ratio,solid/acid ratio and temperature were chosen as the important parameters for achieving the optimum reaction condition.The reaction products were analyzed by iodine number.Based on the results,the optimum condition for preparation of durian rind activated carbon was predicted using RSM.The maximum iodine number of 626.47 mg/g was expected at the optimum condition:solid/water ratio(1:175,g/mL),solid/acid ratio(1:23,g/mL)and temperature(500℃).The preparation of durian rind activated carbon at the optimal condition was carried;the percentages of iodine number achieved(666.73±6 mg/g)were close to the maximum predicted value(666.73 mg/g),thus verifying the model.At the optimum condition,the functional group on surface of durian rind activated carbon was characterized by FT-IR.The result showed that the oxygen content on surface was increased in the form of carbonyl and sulfonyl group.展开更多
Two distinct lignocellulosic fractions(rind and core)can be obtained through a physical separation of sugarcane stalks.Although presenting differences in morphology,both fractions can be employed to produce pulps and ...Two distinct lignocellulosic fractions(rind and core)can be obtained through a physical separation of sugarcane stalks.Although presenting differences in morphology,both fractions can be employed to produce pulps and papers.The pulps and paper sheets produced from the core and rind fractions were characterized by their chemical composition,physical properties and mechanical properties.The pulps obtained from the core presented a higher amount of fines,lower drainage ability and rendered denser and stiffer sheets.The pulps from the rind,which have a higher content of fibers and higher degree of polymerization,produced sheets with higher air permeability and water absorption.Both paper sheets presented mechanical and physical properties comparable to commercial papers and papers from different cellulosic sources.The different properties exhibited by the papers produced from each fraction allow their use for distinct purposes,and expands the opportunities in the context of sugarcane biorefinery.展开更多
In order to screen the genes controlling watermelon rind color and luster, the experiment was carried out with yellow watermelon skin mutants as tester and green wild type watermelon as control, and transcriptome sequ...In order to screen the genes controlling watermelon rind color and luster, the experiment was carried out with yellow watermelon skin mutants as tester and green wild type watermelon as control, and transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were done. The results show that 34.27 Gb clean data were got by transcriptome sequencing. There are 261 differentially expressed genes among Y_1_vs_G_1, Y_2_vs_G_2 and Y_3_vs_G_3. The pathways contenting most differentially expressed genes are plant hormone signal transduction pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, photosynthesis pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism pathway. 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase(Cla002942), alcohol dehydrogenase(Cla004992), photosystem Ⅰ reaction center subunit Ⅲ, chloroplastic(precursor)(Cla009181), long-chain acyl coenzyme A synthetase(Cla017341), threonine dehydratase biosynthetic(Cla018352) candidates genes were screened out.展开更多
Sugar recovery in a factory depends upon regular crushing and quality of varieties besides various other working parameters. Strategies for increased productivity and sugar recovery, varietal improvement can bring out...Sugar recovery in a factory depends upon regular crushing and quality of varieties besides various other working parameters. Strategies for increased productivity and sugar recovery, varietal improvement can bring out through selection of parents to get maximum gains. These are governed by sugar content, fiber, rind hardness and cane yield. In order to assess the breeding value of different traits including rind hardness, study was undertaken at Sugarcane Research Institute, Shahjahanpur, during 2011-2012. Phenotypic difference and correlations among agronomic characters, basic quality characters and rind hardness in 120 segregating genotypes derived from contrast bi-parental cross (UP9530 × Co86011) of sugarcane cultivar were studied in this experiment. All the traits observed were found statistically significant among the mapping populations. The mean value of rind hardness was 5.91 with a range from 2.08 to 12.10 among 120 segregating population including their parents. Rind hardness (RHD) showed significant positive genotypic correlation with sugar yield-related traits viz;cane weight (CW, r = 0.325), cane yield (CYLD, r = 0.380) and sugar yield (SUYLD, r = 0.248). Significant negative correlation was observed for rind hardness with commercial cane sugar percent (CCS%, r = -0.388), number of millable cane (NMC, r = -0.216), hand refractometer brix %-October (HBR, r = -0.154), Brix% in juice (BR, r = -0.119) and Sucrose% in juice (SUC, r = -0.080). The simple correlation analysis showed that RHD, CW, CYLD and SUYLD showed significant positive correlation for agronomic characters, but for basic quality characters had negative correlations. Result indicated that rind hardness was found to have economically important trait due to showing significant positive and negative correlation with sugar yield and sugar content, respectively. The study also revealed that with the reduction in rind hardness, sugar recovery may increase. Present findings indicated that the rind hardness could play as a key role in the selection of elite genotypes in breeding program to develop high sugar, high yielding, erect, non-lodging, disease and insect resistant varieties. The details of the study were discussed in the manuscript.展开更多
Watermelon is known for its good thirst-quenching power;its important water content is one of its major characteristics. This very juicy character of the fruit associated with an important quantity of by-products cons...Watermelon is known for its good thirst-quenching power;its important water content is one of its major characteristics. This very juicy character of the fruit associated with an important quantity of by-products constitutes a weak point of profitability to its transformation. Indeed, next to the sweet, juicy, refreshing pulp with exceptional gustative quality, there is a large number of by-products that are not consumed, not valorized, and are considered as waste. This study aims to provide some solutions to this problem, which hinders the processing of watermelon in Burkina Faso. The physicochemical parameters, phytochemical composition, and some biological properties of watermelon rind were evaluated. In other words, substances of nutraceutical interest and their properties were measured in watermelon rind to find useful uses for them. The determination of the dimensions was done by direct measurements. Physicochemical parameters were determined by standard methods. The phytochemical composition was determined by spectrometric methods. The analysis of the samples showed significant variability for the different physical parameters of the fruits. Interesting physical properties such as the water absorption and water holding capacity of the dried rind powder (nearly 1000%) were revealed. Moreover, the fruit rind showed remarkable photochemical composition and antiradical properties. As such, watermelon rind could be incorporated into other culinary preparations, in animal nutrition.展开更多
文摘Pomegranate rind is abundantly available as a waste material. Pomegranate Rind Extract (PRE) can be applied to cotton fabrics for its natural colours, as a mordanting agent and also for imparting certain functional properties such as fire retardancy and antimicrobial properties. This paper reviews the feasibility of Pomegranate Rind Extract to improve the functional properties of cellulosic fabrics. Studies show that varying concentrations and higher temperatures that were used to apply the extract on the fabric, resulted in enhanced functional properties. At a particular concentration, the treated fabric showed a 15 times lower burning rate in comparison with the control fabric. Also, antimicrobial efficacy has been observed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Due to the natural colouring material, it can be used as a natural dye on cotton material. The fire retardancy of pomegranate rind extract was tested on jute material under varying alkalinity. Research has indicated that pomegranate rind extract could be used to dye polyamide as well. The rubbing and wash fastness of the finished fabrics is good. The light fastness was fair, and its antibacterial efficiency against tested bacteria was good.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China No.40001011
文摘Saxicolous species of lichens are able to induce and accelerate weathering of their rock substrate, and effects of lichens on substrate can be attributed to both physical and chemical causes. This paper is focused on biotic weathering actions of epilithic and endolithic species on the different rock types (sandstones and volcanogenic rocks) in Antarctica. The patterns, mechanisms, processes and neoformations of rock-weathering resulting from lichen colonization are expounded in detail. Furthermore, it is pointed out that, for a better understanding of the impacts of lichens on environments, the studies on the rate of biotic weathering and the comprehensive involvement of the lichen effects on weathering of natural rocks remain to be carried out in Antarctica.
文摘This study was designed to bridge gap in nutritionally skewed available biscuits and the high volume of agricultural waste generated by investigating the quality of biscuits prepared from wheat base, supplemented with waste from watermelon rinds and orange pomace as possible nutritious alternatives. Biscuit samples were respectively produced from blends of wheat, watermelon rind and orange pomace in the following ratio 100:0:0;90:5:5;80:10:10;70:15:15 and 60:20:20, labelled samples A, B, C, D and E. F</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">unctional, proximate, mineral and sensory properties of the formulated biscuit samples</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were carried out using standard analytical procedures. The results showed that p</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">roximate composition of samples B - E significantly increased (p < 0.05) except for carbohydrate content when compared with sample A used as control. </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">There were also significant increases (p < 0.05) in mineral contents of supplemented samples compared to control. The result of the sensory evaluation showed that wheat flour can be substituted with watermelon rind and orange pomace flours up to 10% without adversely affecting the overall quality attributes of the biscuits. These results indicate the robustness of food value addition as an effective means of improving nutritional quality of biscuits while contributing to waste management in the agricultural value chain.
文摘Equilibrium adsorption studies for detoxification of Congo Red (CR) dye from single component model wastewater by powdered watermelon rinds and neem leaves adsorbents were carried out with the view to test the applicability of the adsorption process to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Dubinin-Radushkevich and Harkins-Jura isotherm models. The values of correlation coefficient, R2 (0.9359 - 0.9998), showed that all the experimental data fitted the linear plots of the tested isotherm models. Dubinin-Radushkevich’s monolayer maximum adsorption capacity qD (20.72 - 26.06 mg/g) is better than Langmuir’s qm (18.62 - 24.75 mg/g) for both adsorbents with the capacities higher for adsorption on watermelon rind than on neem leaves. Values of Langmuir separation factor (RL) suggest unfavourable adsorption processes (i.e. chemisorption) of the dye on both the adsorbents, while Freundlich constant (nF) indicates unfavourable process only for CR adsorption onto neem leaves. The Dubinin-Radushkevich’s mean free energy of adsorption, E (0.29 - 0.32 kJ/mol), suggests physical adsorption processes. Values for Temkin’s heat of adsorption, bT (-0.95 to 0.74 kJ/mol), also show physical adsorption process.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledgement funding of this research(KREF116101)King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Research Fund,Thailand.
文摘Durian rind wastes are an important raw material for activated carbon production due to their renewable sources and low-cost materials.The efficiency of increasing surface area and the quantity of oxygen groups on the surface of activated carbon were studied for the preparation of activated carbon.The preparation of activated carbon has been studied with the different methods as follows:activation by acid,activation by base,hydrothermal and activation by acid,and hydrothermal and activation by base.The results showed that hydrothermal and activation by acid had high iodine number which was chosen to determine the optimum condition for activated carbon preparation.The optimum condition for preparation of durian rind activated carbon was studied by Box-Behnken design.Solid/water ratio,solid/acid ratio and temperature were chosen as the important parameters for achieving the optimum reaction condition.The reaction products were analyzed by iodine number.Based on the results,the optimum condition for preparation of durian rind activated carbon was predicted using RSM.The maximum iodine number of 626.47 mg/g was expected at the optimum condition:solid/water ratio(1:175,g/mL),solid/acid ratio(1:23,g/mL)and temperature(500℃).The preparation of durian rind activated carbon at the optimal condition was carried;the percentages of iodine number achieved(666.73±6 mg/g)were close to the maximum predicted value(666.73 mg/g),thus verifying the model.At the optimum condition,the functional group on surface of durian rind activated carbon was characterized by FT-IR.The result showed that the oxygen content on surface was increased in the form of carbonyl and sulfonyl group.
文摘Two distinct lignocellulosic fractions(rind and core)can be obtained through a physical separation of sugarcane stalks.Although presenting differences in morphology,both fractions can be employed to produce pulps and papers.The pulps and paper sheets produced from the core and rind fractions were characterized by their chemical composition,physical properties and mechanical properties.The pulps obtained from the core presented a higher amount of fines,lower drainage ability and rendered denser and stiffer sheets.The pulps from the rind,which have a higher content of fibers and higher degree of polymerization,produced sheets with higher air permeability and water absorption.Both paper sheets presented mechanical and physical properties comparable to commercial papers and papers from different cellulosic sources.The different properties exhibited by the papers produced from each fraction allow their use for distinct purposes,and expands the opportunities in the context of sugarcane biorefinery.
基金Project(31260476)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to screen the genes controlling watermelon rind color and luster, the experiment was carried out with yellow watermelon skin mutants as tester and green wild type watermelon as control, and transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were done. The results show that 34.27 Gb clean data were got by transcriptome sequencing. There are 261 differentially expressed genes among Y_1_vs_G_1, Y_2_vs_G_2 and Y_3_vs_G_3. The pathways contenting most differentially expressed genes are plant hormone signal transduction pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway, photosynthesis pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism pathway. 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase(Cla002942), alcohol dehydrogenase(Cla004992), photosystem Ⅰ reaction center subunit Ⅲ, chloroplastic(precursor)(Cla009181), long-chain acyl coenzyme A synthetase(Cla017341), threonine dehydratase biosynthetic(Cla018352) candidates genes were screened out.
文摘Sugar recovery in a factory depends upon regular crushing and quality of varieties besides various other working parameters. Strategies for increased productivity and sugar recovery, varietal improvement can bring out through selection of parents to get maximum gains. These are governed by sugar content, fiber, rind hardness and cane yield. In order to assess the breeding value of different traits including rind hardness, study was undertaken at Sugarcane Research Institute, Shahjahanpur, during 2011-2012. Phenotypic difference and correlations among agronomic characters, basic quality characters and rind hardness in 120 segregating genotypes derived from contrast bi-parental cross (UP9530 × Co86011) of sugarcane cultivar were studied in this experiment. All the traits observed were found statistically significant among the mapping populations. The mean value of rind hardness was 5.91 with a range from 2.08 to 12.10 among 120 segregating population including their parents. Rind hardness (RHD) showed significant positive genotypic correlation with sugar yield-related traits viz;cane weight (CW, r = 0.325), cane yield (CYLD, r = 0.380) and sugar yield (SUYLD, r = 0.248). Significant negative correlation was observed for rind hardness with commercial cane sugar percent (CCS%, r = -0.388), number of millable cane (NMC, r = -0.216), hand refractometer brix %-October (HBR, r = -0.154), Brix% in juice (BR, r = -0.119) and Sucrose% in juice (SUC, r = -0.080). The simple correlation analysis showed that RHD, CW, CYLD and SUYLD showed significant positive correlation for agronomic characters, but for basic quality characters had negative correlations. Result indicated that rind hardness was found to have economically important trait due to showing significant positive and negative correlation with sugar yield and sugar content, respectively. The study also revealed that with the reduction in rind hardness, sugar recovery may increase. Present findings indicated that the rind hardness could play as a key role in the selection of elite genotypes in breeding program to develop high sugar, high yielding, erect, non-lodging, disease and insect resistant varieties. The details of the study were discussed in the manuscript.
文摘Watermelon is known for its good thirst-quenching power;its important water content is one of its major characteristics. This very juicy character of the fruit associated with an important quantity of by-products constitutes a weak point of profitability to its transformation. Indeed, next to the sweet, juicy, refreshing pulp with exceptional gustative quality, there is a large number of by-products that are not consumed, not valorized, and are considered as waste. This study aims to provide some solutions to this problem, which hinders the processing of watermelon in Burkina Faso. The physicochemical parameters, phytochemical composition, and some biological properties of watermelon rind were evaluated. In other words, substances of nutraceutical interest and their properties were measured in watermelon rind to find useful uses for them. The determination of the dimensions was done by direct measurements. Physicochemical parameters were determined by standard methods. The phytochemical composition was determined by spectrometric methods. The analysis of the samples showed significant variability for the different physical parameters of the fruits. Interesting physical properties such as the water absorption and water holding capacity of the dried rind powder (nearly 1000%) were revealed. Moreover, the fruit rind showed remarkable photochemical composition and antiradical properties. As such, watermelon rind could be incorporated into other culinary preparations, in animal nutrition.
