In this paper,managed forest(MF)and natural forest(NF)in the Huajiang Demonstration Zone of Guanling,Guizhou were selected as research objects,and cropland(CL)was taken as control.High-throughput sequencing technology...In this paper,managed forest(MF)and natural forest(NF)in the Huajiang Demonstration Zone of Guanling,Guizhou were selected as research objects,and cropland(CL)was taken as control.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the characteristics of fungal community composition and species diversity in the surface(0-10 cm)soil of each restoration measure,in order to reveal the dominant soil fungal groups and fungal community composition in karst rocky desertification areas,which was conducive to a more comprehensive understanding of the soil conditions of different vegetation restoration measures.Research has shown that vegetation restoration significantly affected the diversity of soil fungal community,with significant increases in Sob index,Ace index,and Chao index.The vegetation restoration has significantly changed the composition of fungal community.The dominant fungi in the CL topsoil are Sordariomycetes(62.28%),Dothideomycetes(12.34%),and Eurotiomycetes(9.12%);the dominant fungi in the MF soil are Sordariomycetes(45.05%),Dothideomycetes(14.74%),and Mortierellomycetes(10.40%);the dominant fungi in the NF soil are unclassified fungal community(26.38%),Sordariomycetes(19.78%),and Agaricomycetes(13.82%).Vegetation restoration has changed the key fungal groups in the soil.Sordariomycetes,Fusarium,and Setophoma are the key dominant fungal groups in CL soil;Dioszegia is key dominant fungal group in MF soil;c_unclassified_k_Fungi,p_unclassified_k_Fungi,o_unclassified_k_Fungi,f_unclassified_k_Fungi,g_unclassified_k_Fungi,Teichospora,and Diaporthe are key dominant fungal groups in NF soil.展开更多
Monitoring and evaluating the evolution of rocky desertification timely and studying the characteristics of soil erosion under different rainfall patterns are of great scientific significance for regional soil and wat...Monitoring and evaluating the evolution of rocky desertification timely and studying the characteristics of soil erosion under different rainfall patterns are of great scientific significance for regional soil and water conservation,rocky desertification control and ecological environment construction.Four periods of remote sensing image data from 2005 to 2020 were selected to study the evolution characteristics of rocky desertification and its impact on soil erosion in the controlled boundary area of Shibantang hydrological station of Yeji River Watershed,Guizhou Province,China.According to the 408 erosive rainfall events,the soil erosion under different rainfall patterns in the watershed was analyzed.The results showed that:erosive rainfall events in the study area were mainly pattern A,accounting for 57.4%of the total rainfall events;the second was pattern B,accounting for 28.9%of the total rainfall events;the rainfall pattern of C occurred occasionally.Among them,pattern A was the main rainfall pattern leading to soil and water loss and had the largest contribution rate to soil erosion in the watershed.From 2005 to 2020,the area of rocky desertification showed a decreasing trend,accounting for 72.2%from 87.9%.Spatially,rocky desertification has mainly concentrated in the middle south of the watershed since 2010,while the rocky desertification mainly concentrated in the middle and north before 2010.The effects of different grades of rocky desertification on soil erosion were different,and the soil erosion modulus in areas with the medium,severe and extremely severe rocky desertification was generally small.The soil erosion modulus estimated by the RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation)model was still much higher than that calculated by the data measured by the hydrological monitoring station.Therefore,the application of the RUSLE model in karst area needs to be further modified.These results can provide reference for rocky desertification control,soil erosion control and fragile ecosystem restoration in karst area.展开更多
The karst landform is a typical ecologically vulnerable region,and the problem of karst rocky desertification in southtern and western China has led to impoverishment and a degraded local ecological environment,which ...The karst landform is a typical ecologically vulnerable region,and the problem of karst rocky desertification in southtern and western China has led to impoverishment and a degraded local ecological environment,which severely limits local socioeconomic development.An effective and appropriate control of karst rocky desertification in southtern and western China requires knowledge about its characteristics of variation and driving mechanisms.In this study,we chose eight regions in the southtern and western China as research areas and analysed the characteristics of the changes in karst ecosystem patterns and rocky desertification from 2000 to 2015.Based on these characteristics,we present the mechanisms that drive karst rocky desertification in the southtern and western China by utilizing the redundancy analysis(RDA)ordination method.The results show that the total area of rocky desertification in southtern and western China had been continuously decreasing from 2000 to 2015,revealing a positive development trend in rocky desertification.Rocky desertification variations were mainly affected by human activities.The reduction in farmland area improved farmland management and increased regional gross industrial product,which together with continuously rising gross domestic product of the tertiary industry caused a positive rocky desertification development.However,the local karst tourism has a certain effect on inducing slight rocky desertification.展开更多
The karst region of southern China is a fragile ecological zone with widespread rocky desertification. This paper describes the rocky desertification occurring in this region in terms of both natural and anthropogenic...The karst region of southern China is a fragile ecological zone with widespread rocky desertification. This paper describes the rocky desertification occurring in this region in terms of both natural and anthropogenic factors. During geological time periods, the region’s changing environment governed the natural rocky desertification processes, whereas during historical and modern times, anthropogenic processes have been superimposed on these natural processes. Human activities have accelerated and exacerbated rocky desertification. The period from the beginning to the middle of the Qing dynasty was an important transitional period in which human activities began to exert a particularly strong influence on rocky desertification. Since then, the effect of anthropogenic factors has increasingly exceeded the effect of natural factors. The rocky desertification process in southern China’s karst region combines surface ecological processes (including vegetation degradation and loss, soil erosion, surface water loss, and bedrock solution) with a reduction of the land’s biological productivity, leading to degradation that produces rocky desert. Controlling rocky desertification requires comprehensive development of sustainable agriculture and economic development that provides employment alternatives to agriculture and thereby promotes the rehabilitation of rocky desertified land.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the driving forces of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province. [Method] Based on GIS and RS technology, the main driving forces of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province were anal...[Objective] The aim was to study the driving forces of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province. [Method] Based on GIS and RS technology, the main driving forces of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province were analyzed by means of correlation analysis and variation coefficient method, and then the distribution of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province was assessed synthetically. [Result] The main driving forces of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province were vegetation cover, rainfall, peasant income and gradient which were obviously correlative with rocky desertification; from theoretical distribution, rocky desertification was the most serious in Bijie, southwest Guizhou, southern Guizhou and northeastern Guizhou, and the theoretical distribution of rocky desertification in Bijie was severer than its current situation, which showed that construction of ecological function area in Bijie restrained the development of rocky desertification effectively; the good consistency between theoretical and current distribution of rocky desertification revealed that the study method was feasible. [Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical references for the practical control of rocky desertification.展开更多
[ Objective] The study aimed to improve methods of monitoring Karst Rocky Desertification (KRD) control projects and increase the working efficiency. [Method] Based on remote sensing images with medium and high spat...[ Objective] The study aimed to improve methods of monitoring Karst Rocky Desertification (KRD) control projects and increase the working efficiency. [Method] Based on remote sensing images with medium and high spatial resolution, KRD control projects in Disi River basin in Puan County were monitored, that is, information of the project construction in the study area was extracted using supervised classification and hu- man-computer interactive interpretation, and the monitoring results were testified with the aid of GPS. [Result] It was feasible to monitor KRD con- trol projects in Disi River basin based on remote sensing images with medium and high resolution, and the monitoring accuracy was satisfactory, reaching above 80% or 90%, so the method is worthy of popularizing. [ Conclusion] Remote sensing images with medium and high resolution can be used to monitor other KRD control Droiects.展开更多
In Guizhou Province, the area of rocky desertification land is 3.023 8 million hm^2, accounting for 17.16% of total area of land in the province. Rocky desertification is the most important ecological problem that res...In Guizhou Province, the area of rocky desertification land is 3.023 8 million hm^2, accounting for 17.16% of total area of land in the province. Rocky desertification is the most important ecological problem that restricts the economic and social development in Guizhou, so the primary task of ecological construction in Guizhou Province is to curb rocky desertification. How to effectively, efficiently and persistently use rocky desertification land is not only the key to the improvement of ecological environment, but also an urgent problem solved for local people's survival and anti-poverty. Due to having developed roots, growing fast, high yield of grass, strong resistance to drought, and high regeneration capacity, Pennisetum sinese Roxb has become a new method to control rocky desertification. How to use P. sinese Roxb efficiently becomes the key to the ecological control of rocky desertification by P. sinese Roxb. In this study, the ecological agriculture development model of "P. sinese Roxb-rocky desertification control-edible mushrooms" was studied, and the effect of cultivating Pleurotus eryngii with P. sinese Roxb in rocky desertification land was analyzed. Moreover, an outlook for the application of P. sinese Roxb in rocky desertification areas of Guizhou was given.展开更多
In order to provide a reference for rocky desertification control in karst areas,we take the case of Hongfeng Lake Rocky Desertification Comprehensive Control Demonstration Area in Qingzhen City of Guizhou Province,an...In order to provide a reference for rocky desertification control in karst areas,we take the case of Hongfeng Lake Rocky Desertification Comprehensive Control Demonstration Area in Qingzhen City of Guizhou Province,and expound strength,weakness,opportunity and challenge in its ecological restoration,using SWOT analysis method in management sciences.And we finally put forth scientific strategies for ecological restoration in this demonstration area.展开更多
As an extreme manifestation of environmental degradation,karst rock desertification is caused by soil loss and rock exposure.In some areas with serious rocky desertification,there is no soil to be eroded or leaked.The...As an extreme manifestation of environmental degradation,karst rock desertification is caused by soil loss and rock exposure.In some areas with serious rocky desertification,there is no soil to be eroded or leaked.The soil loss in these areas superimposes soil erosion and unique subsurface loss by soil leakage through fissures,pipelines,sinkholes,etc.,which directly reduce soil resources and accelerate rocky desertification.However,the factors driving soil erosion and subsurface loss by soil leakage are still unclear.Rainfall experiments were conducted on simulated slopes with surface-exposed bedrock and subsurface fissures based on field investigations in a karst rocky desertification area of Guizhou Province,China.Four factors,including rainfall intensity,slope gradient,bedrock exposure rate and subsurface fissure degree,were considered in the experiment.We found that the amount of soil surface erosion and subsurface leakage loss is driven not only by the runoff volume but also by other influential factors.Rainfall intensity is the driving factor determining the amount of surface erosion and subsurface leakage loss of soil and water and the relationship between them.The slope gradient plays a leading role only in subsurface fissure flow leakage loss.The bedrock exposure rate drives the surface soil erosion rate,shows a critical value(30%),and dominates the fissure flow leakage loss rate.Subsurface fissure density plays an important role in the surface loss of soil and water;however,an increase in the subsurface fissure density does not obviously accelerate the subsurface leakage loss of soil and water.Although this result,obtained from laboratory simulations,may differ at the field scale or larger,it could provide a foundation for systematic studies on soil erosion/leakage and insights into the relations between rocky desertification and soil erosion/leakage and their driving factors in karst rocky desertification.展开更多
Rocky desertification poverty(RDP)refers to rural poverty triggered or exacerbated by rocky desertification,which deprives farmers of opportunities for improving their financial conditions through agricultural product...Rocky desertification poverty(RDP)refers to rural poverty triggered or exacerbated by rocky desertification,which deprives farmers of opportunities for improving their financial conditions through agricultural production.As China implements strategies including building a moderately prosperous society,targeted poverty alleviation,and rural revitalization,issues concerning RDP have become the work foci for the Chinese government and research hotspots for Chinese academic circles.This paper provides a thorough review of the history,progress,challenges and prospects based on decades of RDP studies in Southwest China.First,we review the origin,definitions and historical development trends of RDP.Over nearly four decades,research on RDP can be framed as four stages:start-up,poverty alleviation and ecological reconstruction,rocky desertification comprehensive control and green development.We find that RDP research progress appears to be directly related to the Chinese government’s policy support and decision-making in mitigating RDP.Second,previous findings are reviewed and summarised regarding four research aspects:relationship exploration between rocky desertification and rural poverty,mechanisms of rocky desertification for exacerbating poverty,strategies for eliminating RDP and anti-poverty benefit evaluations of rocky desertification control efforts.Third,the remaining challenges are identified and summarised,including the challenges of conducting theoretical research on RDP and consolidating achievements in eliminating RDP.We find that while many achievements have been made in the study of RDP in recent decades,the completeness and systematism of the theoretical system remain weak,and the guidance for empirical research is still insufficient.Finally,this research is fundamental in achieving rural revitalization in rocky desertification areas.The key to eliminating RDP lies in scientific rural transformation development.Given that the karst ecological environment in the subtropical zone is fragile,these regions should build a new rural regional economic system,abandon extensive and predatory development that sacrifices the environment and resources,and promote the transition from backwards development modes to high-quality and sustainable development.This paper will contribute to the current understanding of the issues of RDP,provide theoretical support for the realization of rural revitalization in rocky desertification areas and provide other countries with China’s experience in poverty alleviation.展开更多
It is conducive to the sustainable development of human beings in karst regions to research the mechanism of karst rocky desertification(KRD)expansion.Whether the large-scale KRD in southwestern China is caused by cli...It is conducive to the sustainable development of human beings in karst regions to research the mechanism of karst rocky desertification(KRD)expansion.Whether the large-scale KRD in southwestern China is caused by climate change or human activities is still controversial.In this study,the evolution of the KRD in southwestern China over the past 2000 years was reconstructed through the high-precisionδ^(13)C record of stalagmites from Shijiangjun(SJJ)Cave,Guizhou Province,China.Theδ^(13)C of the stalagmites from SJJ Cave exhibited heavy values from the Medieval Warm Period(MWP)to the Little Ice Age(LIA).Furthermore,theδ^(13)C records of other stalagmites and tufa from southwestern China also showed the same significant heavy trend.Because the stalagmiteδ^(13)C could record the change of ecological environment,it indicated that the consistent change of the stalagmitesδ^(13)C may record the process of KRD expansion in the karst regions of southwestern China.During the MWP,the stronger Asian summer monsoon and the northward movement of the rain belt led to a dry period in southwestern China and a wet period in northern China.In contrast,it was wet in southwestern China and dry in northern China during the LIA.In addition,after the Jing-Kang event(JK event,AD1127)occurred at the end of the Northern Song dynasty,the political and economic center of China migrated to southern China for the first time,which changed the population distribution pattern of larger population in the north and smaller population in the south.Therefore,the expansion of KRD in southwestern China was exacerbated in the MWP due to the change of climate in southwestern China,the migration of a large number of people,wars,the large-scale reclamation of arable land,and the cultivation of large areas of crops.展开更多
The growth of society and population has led to a range of water pollution issues.Among these,non-point source pollution assessment and treatment pose a particular challenge due to its formation mechanism.This has bec...The growth of society and population has led to a range of water pollution issues.Among these,non-point source pollution assessment and treatment pose a particular challenge due to its formation mechanism.This has become a focal point and challenge in water pollution treatment research.The study area for this research was the Huanghou basin in Guizhou Province,southwest China.The land use type of the basin was analyzed using remote sensing technology,and water quality data was collected by distributing points throughout the basin,based on source-sink landscape theory.The distribution map of the basin’s source-sink landscape and the results of water quality data accurately and efficiently identified the areas with high risk of non-point source pollution in the western and southwestern residential and agricultural areas of the upper basin.Hence,a strategy of“increasing sinks and decreasing sources”was proposed.The strategy was implemented at both macro and micro levels to address non-point source pollution in the basin using ecological remediation techniques.The work to control karst rocky desertification should continue at a macro level.The rocky desertification area in the basin should gradually transform into grassland and forested land,while increasing the overall area of the sink landscape.Ecological restoration techniques,such as slope planting,riparian zone vegetation restoration,increasing plant abundance,and restoring aquatic plants,can effectively control non-point source pollution at the micro level.Compared to traditional control methods,this remediation strategy focuses on source and process control.It is more effective and does not require large-scale water pollution control projects,which can save a lot of environmental control funds and management costs.Therefore,it has greater research significance and application value.展开更多
Selecting Chaoying small watershed with representative karst rocky desertification in the Bijie test area of Guizhou Province as an example, according to karst rocky desertiflcation degree and the existing eco-environ...Selecting Chaoying small watershed with representative karst rocky desertification in the Bijie test area of Guizhou Province as an example, according to karst rocky desertiflcation degree and the existing eco-environmental problems in the small watershed, we study developmental model and technique support system for integrated rehabilitation of rocky desertification in the small watershed, and bring forward the development model and technique integration for integrated rehabilitation of rocky desertification, which adapt to the karst areas of Bijie test area, Guizhou Province and even South China.展开更多
This paper reviewed the main achievements of hydrogeological survey in China,summarized the significant progress of hydrogeological survey over the past decade,and forecasted the key responsibilities for hydrogeologic...This paper reviewed the main achievements of hydrogeological survey in China,summarized the significant progress of hydrogeological survey over the past decade,and forecasted the key responsibilities for hydrogeological survey in the“14th Five-year Plan”.The significant progress includes:China established the 1:50000 standard hydrogeological survey system with Chinese characteristics and produced the new generation of highquality hydrogeological maps;the national groundwater monitoring project was completed and accepted,which marks China taking the leading position in groundwater monitoring internationally;fruitful results were achieved in the national groundwater quality survey,and groundwater quality background values were basically identified and checked;hydrogeological and environmental geological survey was continuously promoted in karst areas and the ecological restoration of rocky desertification achieved remarkable results;China strengthened layer exploration techniques for groundwater,integrating the key and practical techniques of layer exploration and monitoring;the exploration of groundwater in the poverty-stricken regions and old revolutionary base areas were effectively promoted to strongly guarantee the poverty alleviation and drinking water safety;the mystery of desert groundwater was uncovered,making up for the shortage of 1:250000 hydrogeological survey in the Badain Jaran Desert;and more efforts were made to conduct survey on the water resources in the basin,and to finish the unified measurement of national-scale groundwater level.展开更多
China is experiencing conflicts between its large population and scarce arable land,and between a demand for high productivity and the severe soil erosion of arable land.Since 1949,China has committed to soil and wate...China is experiencing conflicts between its large population and scarce arable land,and between a demand for high productivity and the severe soil erosion of arable land.Since 1949,China has committed to soil and water conservation(SWC),for which eight regions and 41 subregions have been developed to improve the environment and increase land productivity.To obtain information from the regional planning and strategies for SWC and to explore whether SWC practices simultaneously contribute to soil conservation,ecosystem functioning,and the livelihoods of local farmers,and to summarize the successful experiences of various SWC paradigms with distinct characteristics and mechanisms of soil erosion,this paper systematically presents seven SWC regions(excluding the Tibetan Plateau region)and 14 typical SWC paradigms,focusing on erosion mechanisms and the key challenges or issues in the seven regions as well as on the core problems,main objectives,key technologies,and the performance of the 14 typical paradigms.In summary,the 14 typical SWC paradigms successfully prevent and control local soil erosion,and have largely enhanced,or at least do not harm,the livelihoods of local farmers.However,there remain many challenges and issues on SWC and socioeconomic development that need to be addressed in the seven SWC regions.China,thus,still has a long way to go in successfully gaining the win-win objective of SWC and human aspects of development.展开更多
In the karst regions of southwest China, rocky desertification is one of the most serious problems in land degradation. The bedrock exposure rate is an important index to assess the degree of rocky desertification in ...In the karst regions of southwest China, rocky desertification is one of the most serious problems in land degradation. The bedrock exposure rate is an important index to assess the degree of rocky desertification in karst regions. Because of the inherent merits of macro-scale, frequency, efficiency, and synthesis, remote sensing is a promising method to monitor and assess karst rocky desertification on a large scale. However, actual measurement of the bedrock exposure rate is difficult and existing remote-sensing methods cannot directly be exploited to extract the bedrock exposure rate owing to the high complexity and heterogeneity of karst environments. Therefore, using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data for Xingren County, Guizhou Province, quantitative extraction of the bedrock exposure rate based on multi-scale remote-sensing data was developed. Firstly, we used an object-oriented method to carry out accurate classification of UAV images. From the results of rock extraction, the bedrock exposure rate was calculated at the 30 m grid scale. Parts of the calculated samples were used as training data; other data were used for model validation. Secondly, in each grid the band reflectivity ofLandsat-80LI data was extracted and a variety of rock and vegetation indexes (e.g., NDVI and SAVI) were calculated. Finally, a network model was established to extract the bedrock exposure rate. The correlation coefficient of the network model was 0.855, that of the validation model was 0.677 and the root mean square error of the validation model was 0.073. This method is valuable for wide-scale estimation of bedrock exposure rate in karst environments. Using the quantitative inversion model, a distribution map of the bedrock exposure rate in Xingren County was obtained.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (42177446,41601584)Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Fund (Qiankehe[2017]1417)Guizhou Normal University (Qianshixinmiao[2022]28).
文摘In this paper,managed forest(MF)and natural forest(NF)in the Huajiang Demonstration Zone of Guanling,Guizhou were selected as research objects,and cropland(CL)was taken as control.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to study the characteristics of fungal community composition and species diversity in the surface(0-10 cm)soil of each restoration measure,in order to reveal the dominant soil fungal groups and fungal community composition in karst rocky desertification areas,which was conducive to a more comprehensive understanding of the soil conditions of different vegetation restoration measures.Research has shown that vegetation restoration significantly affected the diversity of soil fungal community,with significant increases in Sob index,Ace index,and Chao index.The vegetation restoration has significantly changed the composition of fungal community.The dominant fungi in the CL topsoil are Sordariomycetes(62.28%),Dothideomycetes(12.34%),and Eurotiomycetes(9.12%);the dominant fungi in the MF soil are Sordariomycetes(45.05%),Dothideomycetes(14.74%),and Mortierellomycetes(10.40%);the dominant fungi in the NF soil are unclassified fungal community(26.38%),Sordariomycetes(19.78%),and Agaricomycetes(13.82%).Vegetation restoration has changed the key fungal groups in the soil.Sordariomycetes,Fusarium,and Setophoma are the key dominant fungal groups in CL soil;Dioszegia is key dominant fungal group in MF soil;c_unclassified_k_Fungi,p_unclassified_k_Fungi,o_unclassified_k_Fungi,f_unclassified_k_Fungi,g_unclassified_k_Fungi,Teichospora,and Diaporthe are key dominant fungal groups in NF soil.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.32060372,NO.31760243)Guizhou Science and Technology Department(Qiankehe Zhicheng[2021]Yiban462)。
文摘Monitoring and evaluating the evolution of rocky desertification timely and studying the characteristics of soil erosion under different rainfall patterns are of great scientific significance for regional soil and water conservation,rocky desertification control and ecological environment construction.Four periods of remote sensing image data from 2005 to 2020 were selected to study the evolution characteristics of rocky desertification and its impact on soil erosion in the controlled boundary area of Shibantang hydrological station of Yeji River Watershed,Guizhou Province,China.According to the 408 erosive rainfall events,the soil erosion under different rainfall patterns in the watershed was analyzed.The results showed that:erosive rainfall events in the study area were mainly pattern A,accounting for 57.4%of the total rainfall events;the second was pattern B,accounting for 28.9%of the total rainfall events;the rainfall pattern of C occurred occasionally.Among them,pattern A was the main rainfall pattern leading to soil and water loss and had the largest contribution rate to soil erosion in the watershed.From 2005 to 2020,the area of rocky desertification showed a decreasing trend,accounting for 72.2%from 87.9%.Spatially,rocky desertification has mainly concentrated in the middle south of the watershed since 2010,while the rocky desertification mainly concentrated in the middle and north before 2010.The effects of different grades of rocky desertification on soil erosion were different,and the soil erosion modulus in areas with the medium,severe and extremely severe rocky desertification was generally small.The soil erosion modulus estimated by the RUSLE(Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation)model was still much higher than that calculated by the data measured by the hydrological monitoring station.Therefore,the application of the RUSLE model in karst area needs to be further modified.These results can provide reference for rocky desertification control,soil erosion control and fragile ecosystem restoration in karst area.
基金Under the auspices of National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFC0503402)。
文摘The karst landform is a typical ecologically vulnerable region,and the problem of karst rocky desertification in southtern and western China has led to impoverishment and a degraded local ecological environment,which severely limits local socioeconomic development.An effective and appropriate control of karst rocky desertification in southtern and western China requires knowledge about its characteristics of variation and driving mechanisms.In this study,we chose eight regions in the southtern and western China as research areas and analysed the characteristics of the changes in karst ecosystem patterns and rocky desertification from 2000 to 2015.Based on these characteristics,we present the mechanisms that drive karst rocky desertification in the southtern and western China by utilizing the redundancy analysis(RDA)ordination method.The results show that the total area of rocky desertification in southtern and western China had been continuously decreasing from 2000 to 2015,revealing a positive development trend in rocky desertification.Rocky desertification variations were mainly affected by human activities.The reduction in farmland area improved farmland management and increased regional gross industrial product,which together with continuously rising gross domestic product of the tertiary industry caused a positive rocky desertification development.However,the local karst tourism has a certain effect on inducing slight rocky desertification.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No: 30870469, 30471421)
文摘The karst region of southern China is a fragile ecological zone with widespread rocky desertification. This paper describes the rocky desertification occurring in this region in terms of both natural and anthropogenic factors. During geological time periods, the region’s changing environment governed the natural rocky desertification processes, whereas during historical and modern times, anthropogenic processes have been superimposed on these natural processes. Human activities have accelerated and exacerbated rocky desertification. The period from the beginning to the middle of the Qing dynasty was an important transitional period in which human activities began to exert a particularly strong influence on rocky desertification. Since then, the effect of anthropogenic factors has increasingly exceeded the effect of natural factors. The rocky desertification process in southern China’s karst region combines surface ecological processes (including vegetation degradation and loss, soil erosion, surface water loss, and bedrock solution) with a reduction of the land’s biological productivity, leading to degradation that produces rocky desert. Controlling rocky desertification requires comprehensive development of sustainable agriculture and economic development that provides employment alternatives to agriculture and thereby promotes the rehabilitation of rocky desertified land.
基金Supported by Study on the Remote Sensing Quantitative Extraction Technology of Karst Rocky Desertification Information (GY[2007]3017)State Key Development Program of Basic Research of China(973 Program) (2006CB403200)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the driving forces of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province. [Method] Based on GIS and RS technology, the main driving forces of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province were analyzed by means of correlation analysis and variation coefficient method, and then the distribution of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province was assessed synthetically. [Result] The main driving forces of rocky desertification in Guizhou Province were vegetation cover, rainfall, peasant income and gradient which were obviously correlative with rocky desertification; from theoretical distribution, rocky desertification was the most serious in Bijie, southwest Guizhou, southern Guizhou and northeastern Guizhou, and the theoretical distribution of rocky desertification in Bijie was severer than its current situation, which showed that construction of ecological function area in Bijie restrained the development of rocky desertification effectively; the good consistency between theoretical and current distribution of rocky desertification revealed that the study method was feasible. [Conclusion] The study could provide theoretical references for the practical control of rocky desertification.
基金Supported by the Key Science and Technology Projects of Guizhou Province,China[(2007)3017,(2008)3022]Major Special Project of Guizhou Province,China(2006-6006-2)
文摘[ Objective] The study aimed to improve methods of monitoring Karst Rocky Desertification (KRD) control projects and increase the working efficiency. [Method] Based on remote sensing images with medium and high spatial resolution, KRD control projects in Disi River basin in Puan County were monitored, that is, information of the project construction in the study area was extracted using supervised classification and hu- man-computer interactive interpretation, and the monitoring results were testified with the aid of GPS. [Result] It was feasible to monitor KRD con- trol projects in Disi River basin based on remote sensing images with medium and high resolution, and the monitoring accuracy was satisfactory, reaching above 80% or 90%, so the method is worthy of popularizing. [ Conclusion] Remote sensing images with medium and high resolution can be used to monitor other KRD control Droiects.
基金Supported by Reform Transformation Project of Guizhou Province(QKHT Z[2013]4006)Science and Technology Planning Project of Guizhou Province(QKHN G[2014]4002,QKH NY[2014]3063)
文摘In Guizhou Province, the area of rocky desertification land is 3.023 8 million hm^2, accounting for 17.16% of total area of land in the province. Rocky desertification is the most important ecological problem that restricts the economic and social development in Guizhou, so the primary task of ecological construction in Guizhou Province is to curb rocky desertification. How to effectively, efficiently and persistently use rocky desertification land is not only the key to the improvement of ecological environment, but also an urgent problem solved for local people's survival and anti-poverty. Due to having developed roots, growing fast, high yield of grass, strong resistance to drought, and high regeneration capacity, Pennisetum sinese Roxb has become a new method to control rocky desertification. How to use P. sinese Roxb efficiently becomes the key to the ecological control of rocky desertification by P. sinese Roxb. In this study, the ecological agriculture development model of "P. sinese Roxb-rocky desertification control-edible mushrooms" was studied, and the effect of cultivating Pleurotus eryngii with P. sinese Roxb in rocky desertification land was analyzed. Moreover, an outlook for the application of P. sinese Roxb in rocky desertification areas of Guizhou was given.
基金Guizhou Science and Technology Plan Project (S20071061) Social Public Relations Plan Project of Guizhou Provincial Department of Technology (SY20113096) Guizhou Philosophy and Social Sciences Plan Project (11GZQN19)
文摘In order to provide a reference for rocky desertification control in karst areas,we take the case of Hongfeng Lake Rocky Desertification Comprehensive Control Demonstration Area in Qingzhen City of Guizhou Province,and expound strength,weakness,opportunity and challenge in its ecological restoration,using SWOT analysis method in management sciences.And we finally put forth scientific strategies for ecological restoration in this demonstration area.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.42007067,41671275,41461057,41061029)the Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou Province(Qian Ke He Ji Chu[2020]1Y176)+3 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0502604)the First Class Discipline Construction Projects of Guizhou Province(GNYL[2017]007)the Young Scientific and Technological Talents Growth Project in Colleges and Universities of Guizhou Province(Qian Ke Jiao KY Zi[2021]082)the National Natural Sci Foundation training program for young teachers in Guizhou Uni-versity(Gui Da Pei Yu[2019]36)。
文摘As an extreme manifestation of environmental degradation,karst rock desertification is caused by soil loss and rock exposure.In some areas with serious rocky desertification,there is no soil to be eroded or leaked.The soil loss in these areas superimposes soil erosion and unique subsurface loss by soil leakage through fissures,pipelines,sinkholes,etc.,which directly reduce soil resources and accelerate rocky desertification.However,the factors driving soil erosion and subsurface loss by soil leakage are still unclear.Rainfall experiments were conducted on simulated slopes with surface-exposed bedrock and subsurface fissures based on field investigations in a karst rocky desertification area of Guizhou Province,China.Four factors,including rainfall intensity,slope gradient,bedrock exposure rate and subsurface fissure degree,were considered in the experiment.We found that the amount of soil surface erosion and subsurface leakage loss is driven not only by the runoff volume but also by other influential factors.Rainfall intensity is the driving factor determining the amount of surface erosion and subsurface leakage loss of soil and water and the relationship between them.The slope gradient plays a leading role only in subsurface fissure flow leakage loss.The bedrock exposure rate drives the surface soil erosion rate,shows a critical value(30%),and dominates the fissure flow leakage loss rate.Subsurface fissure density plays an important role in the surface loss of soil and water;however,an increase in the subsurface fissure density does not obviously accelerate the subsurface leakage loss of soil and water.Although this result,obtained from laboratory simulations,may differ at the field scale or larger,it could provide a foundation for systematic studies on soil erosion/leakage and insights into the relations between rocky desertification and soil erosion/leakage and their driving factors in karst rocky desertification.
基金National Social Science Foundation of China,No.20AJY005National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.41901214+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,No.cstc2021jcyj-msxm X0963Social Science Planning Program of Chongqing,No.2019YBGL075,No.2021SZ27Humanities and Social Science Program of Chongqing,No.19SKGH132Scientific Research Project of Chongqing University of Education No.KY202125CRegional Tourism Research Centre of Chongqing University of Education,No.2021XJPT07。
文摘Rocky desertification poverty(RDP)refers to rural poverty triggered or exacerbated by rocky desertification,which deprives farmers of opportunities for improving their financial conditions through agricultural production.As China implements strategies including building a moderately prosperous society,targeted poverty alleviation,and rural revitalization,issues concerning RDP have become the work foci for the Chinese government and research hotspots for Chinese academic circles.This paper provides a thorough review of the history,progress,challenges and prospects based on decades of RDP studies in Southwest China.First,we review the origin,definitions and historical development trends of RDP.Over nearly four decades,research on RDP can be framed as four stages:start-up,poverty alleviation and ecological reconstruction,rocky desertification comprehensive control and green development.We find that RDP research progress appears to be directly related to the Chinese government’s policy support and decision-making in mitigating RDP.Second,previous findings are reviewed and summarised regarding four research aspects:relationship exploration between rocky desertification and rural poverty,mechanisms of rocky desertification for exacerbating poverty,strategies for eliminating RDP and anti-poverty benefit evaluations of rocky desertification control efforts.Third,the remaining challenges are identified and summarised,including the challenges of conducting theoretical research on RDP and consolidating achievements in eliminating RDP.We find that while many achievements have been made in the study of RDP in recent decades,the completeness and systematism of the theoretical system remain weak,and the guidance for empirical research is still insufficient.Finally,this research is fundamental in achieving rural revitalization in rocky desertification areas.The key to eliminating RDP lies in scientific rural transformation development.Given that the karst ecological environment in the subtropical zone is fragile,these regions should build a new rural regional economic system,abandon extensive and predatory development that sacrifices the environment and resources,and promote the transition from backwards development modes to high-quality and sustainable development.This paper will contribute to the current understanding of the issues of RDP,provide theoretical support for the realization of rural revitalization in rocky desertification areas and provide other countries with China’s experience in poverty alleviation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41772170,42011530078)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Grant Nos.XDJK2017A010,XDJK2020D005)to Li T Y+2 种基金the Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Commission Fellowship Fund(Grant Nos.cstc2019yszx-jcyjX0002,cstc2020yszxjcyjX0006)to Yuan D X,and the Open Project of Guangxi Key Science and Technology Innovation Base on Karst Dynamics(Grant No.KDL&Guangxi 202003)to Li J Y.230Th dating at the High-precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory(HISPEC),Taiwan University,Chinawas supported by the Science Vanguard Research Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology(Grant No.108-2119-M-002-012)the Higher Education Sprout Project of the Ministry of Education,Taiwan,China(Grant No.108L901001)to Shen C C.This research was also Supported by the China Scholarship Council(CSC)(Grant No.202006990068)to Chen C C.
文摘It is conducive to the sustainable development of human beings in karst regions to research the mechanism of karst rocky desertification(KRD)expansion.Whether the large-scale KRD in southwestern China is caused by climate change or human activities is still controversial.In this study,the evolution of the KRD in southwestern China over the past 2000 years was reconstructed through the high-precisionδ^(13)C record of stalagmites from Shijiangjun(SJJ)Cave,Guizhou Province,China.Theδ^(13)C of the stalagmites from SJJ Cave exhibited heavy values from the Medieval Warm Period(MWP)to the Little Ice Age(LIA).Furthermore,theδ^(13)C records of other stalagmites and tufa from southwestern China also showed the same significant heavy trend.Because the stalagmiteδ^(13)C could record the change of ecological environment,it indicated that the consistent change of the stalagmitesδ^(13)C may record the process of KRD expansion in the karst regions of southwestern China.During the MWP,the stronger Asian summer monsoon and the northward movement of the rain belt led to a dry period in southwestern China and a wet period in northern China.In contrast,it was wet in southwestern China and dry in northern China during the LIA.In addition,after the Jing-Kang event(JK event,AD1127)occurred at the end of the Northern Song dynasty,the political and economic center of China migrated to southern China for the first time,which changed the population distribution pattern of larger population in the north and smaller population in the south.Therefore,the expansion of KRD in southwestern China was exacerbated in the MWP due to the change of climate in southwestern China,the migration of a large number of people,wars,the large-scale reclamation of arable land,and the cultivation of large areas of crops.
文摘The growth of society and population has led to a range of water pollution issues.Among these,non-point source pollution assessment and treatment pose a particular challenge due to its formation mechanism.This has become a focal point and challenge in water pollution treatment research.The study area for this research was the Huanghou basin in Guizhou Province,southwest China.The land use type of the basin was analyzed using remote sensing technology,and water quality data was collected by distributing points throughout the basin,based on source-sink landscape theory.The distribution map of the basin’s source-sink landscape and the results of water quality data accurately and efficiently identified the areas with high risk of non-point source pollution in the western and southwestern residential and agricultural areas of the upper basin.Hence,a strategy of“increasing sinks and decreasing sources”was proposed.The strategy was implemented at both macro and micro levels to address non-point source pollution in the basin using ecological remediation techniques.The work to control karst rocky desertification should continue at a macro level.The rocky desertification area in the basin should gradually transform into grassland and forested land,while increasing the overall area of the sink landscape.Ecological restoration techniques,such as slope planting,riparian zone vegetation restoration,increasing plant abundance,and restoring aquatic plants,can effectively control non-point source pollution at the micro level.Compared to traditional control methods,this remediation strategy focuses on source and process control.It is more effective and does not require large-scale water pollution control projects,which can save a lot of environmental control funds and management costs.Therefore,it has greater research significance and application value.
基金Supported by Major Issue of National "12~(th) Five-year Plan"Science and Technology Support Plan,China(2011BAC09B01)
文摘Selecting Chaoying small watershed with representative karst rocky desertification in the Bijie test area of Guizhou Province as an example, according to karst rocky desertiflcation degree and the existing eco-environmental problems in the small watershed, we study developmental model and technique support system for integrated rehabilitation of rocky desertification in the small watershed, and bring forward the development model and technique integration for integrated rehabilitation of rocky desertification, which adapt to the karst areas of Bijie test area, Guizhou Province and even South China.
文摘This paper reviewed the main achievements of hydrogeological survey in China,summarized the significant progress of hydrogeological survey over the past decade,and forecasted the key responsibilities for hydrogeological survey in the“14th Five-year Plan”.The significant progress includes:China established the 1:50000 standard hydrogeological survey system with Chinese characteristics and produced the new generation of highquality hydrogeological maps;the national groundwater monitoring project was completed and accepted,which marks China taking the leading position in groundwater monitoring internationally;fruitful results were achieved in the national groundwater quality survey,and groundwater quality background values were basically identified and checked;hydrogeological and environmental geological survey was continuously promoted in karst areas and the ecological restoration of rocky desertification achieved remarkable results;China strengthened layer exploration techniques for groundwater,integrating the key and practical techniques of layer exploration and monitoring;the exploration of groundwater in the poverty-stricken regions and old revolutionary base areas were effectively promoted to strongly guarantee the poverty alleviation and drinking water safety;the mystery of desert groundwater was uncovered,making up for the shortage of 1:250000 hydrogeological survey in the Badain Jaran Desert;and more efforts were made to conduct survey on the water resources in the basin,and to finish the unified measurement of national-scale groundwater level.
基金Under the auspices of Strategic Priority Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)(No.XDA20040200)the National Key Research and Development Program(No.2016YFC0501707)。
文摘China is experiencing conflicts between its large population and scarce arable land,and between a demand for high productivity and the severe soil erosion of arable land.Since 1949,China has committed to soil and water conservation(SWC),for which eight regions and 41 subregions have been developed to improve the environment and increase land productivity.To obtain information from the regional planning and strategies for SWC and to explore whether SWC practices simultaneously contribute to soil conservation,ecosystem functioning,and the livelihoods of local farmers,and to summarize the successful experiences of various SWC paradigms with distinct characteristics and mechanisms of soil erosion,this paper systematically presents seven SWC regions(excluding the Tibetan Plateau region)and 14 typical SWC paradigms,focusing on erosion mechanisms and the key challenges or issues in the seven regions as well as on the core problems,main objectives,key technologies,and the performance of the 14 typical paradigms.In summary,the 14 typical SWC paradigms successfully prevent and control local soil erosion,and have largely enhanced,or at least do not harm,the livelihoods of local farmers.However,there remain many challenges and issues on SWC and socioeconomic development that need to be addressed in the seven SWC regions.China,thus,still has a long way to go in successfully gaining the win-win objective of SWC and human aspects of development.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41501467 and 41361091).
文摘In the karst regions of southwest China, rocky desertification is one of the most serious problems in land degradation. The bedrock exposure rate is an important index to assess the degree of rocky desertification in karst regions. Because of the inherent merits of macro-scale, frequency, efficiency, and synthesis, remote sensing is a promising method to monitor and assess karst rocky desertification on a large scale. However, actual measurement of the bedrock exposure rate is difficult and existing remote-sensing methods cannot directly be exploited to extract the bedrock exposure rate owing to the high complexity and heterogeneity of karst environments. Therefore, using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data for Xingren County, Guizhou Province, quantitative extraction of the bedrock exposure rate based on multi-scale remote-sensing data was developed. Firstly, we used an object-oriented method to carry out accurate classification of UAV images. From the results of rock extraction, the bedrock exposure rate was calculated at the 30 m grid scale. Parts of the calculated samples were used as training data; other data were used for model validation. Secondly, in each grid the band reflectivity ofLandsat-80LI data was extracted and a variety of rock and vegetation indexes (e.g., NDVI and SAVI) were calculated. Finally, a network model was established to extract the bedrock exposure rate. The correlation coefficient of the network model was 0.855, that of the validation model was 0.677 and the root mean square error of the validation model was 0.073. This method is valuable for wide-scale estimation of bedrock exposure rate in karst environments. Using the quantitative inversion model, a distribution map of the bedrock exposure rate in Xingren County was obtained.