Modal and Thermal Analysis of a Modified Connecting Rod of an Internal Combustion Engine Using Finite Element Method

The connecting rod is one of the most important moving components in an internal combustion engine. The present work determined the possibility of using aluminium alloy 7075 material to design and manufacture a connecting rod for weight optimisation without losing the strength of the connecting rod. It considered modal and thermal analyses to investigate the suitability of the material for connecting rod design. The parameters that were considered under the modal analysis were: total deformation, and natural frequency, while the thermal analysis looked at the temperature distribution, total heat flux and directional heat flux of the four connecting rods made with titanium alloy, grey cast iron, structural steel and aluminium 7075 alloy respectively. The connecting rod was modelled using Autodesk inventor2017 software using the calculated parameters. The steady-state thermal analysis was used to determine the induced heat flux and directional heat flux. The study found that Aluminium 7075 alloy deformed more than the remaining three other materials but has superior qualities in terms of vibrational natural frequency, total heat flux and lightweight compared to structural steel, grey cast iron and titanium alloy.

Probabilistic Analysis of Slope Using Finite Element Approach and Limit Equilibrium Approach around Amalpata Landslide of West Central, Nepal

The stability study of the ongoing and recurring Amalpata landslide in Baglung in Nepal’s Gandaki Province is presented in this research. The impacted slope is around 200 meters high, with two terraces that have different slope inclinations. The lower bench, located above the basement, consistently fails and sets others up for failure. The fluctuating water level of the slope, which travels down the slope masses, exacerbates the slide problem. The majority of these rocks are Amalpata landslide area experiences several structural disruptions. The area’s stability must be evaluated in order to prevent and control more harm from occurring to the nearby agricultural land and people living along the slope. The slopes’ failures increase the damages of house existing in nearby area and the erosion of the slope. Two modeling techniques the finite element approach and the limit equilibrium method were used to simulate the slope. The findings show that, in every case, the terrace above the basement is where the majority of the stress is concentrated, with a safety factor of near unity. Using probabilistic slope stability analysis, the failure probability was predicted to be between 98.90% and 100%.

NUMERIC ANALYSIS ON INFLUENCED FACTORS OF DISCONTINUOUS SURFACE DEFORMATION DUE TO STEEPLY-INCLINED SEAM MINING

This paper deals with the shape and influenced factors of surface non-continuous deformation due to mining. With finite element method, analysis are made to derive the relations between discontinuous deformation and mining affection, weak plane’s position & thickness, and mechanical property of weak-plane medium. The mutual affection of multiple weak-planes is also discussed. The results of the paper lay a foundation for constructing the calculation method of surface discontinuous deformation.

Probabilistic stability analyses of undrained slopes by 3D random fields and finite element methods

A long slope consisting of spatially random soils is a common geographical feature. This paper examined the necessity of three-dimensional(3 D) analysis when dealing with slope with full randomness in soil properties. Although 3 D random finite element analysis can well reflect the spatial variability of soil properties, it is often time-consuming for probabilistic stability analysis. For this reason, we also examined the least advantageous(or most pessimistic) cross-section of the studied slope. The concept of"most pessimistic" refers to the minimal cross-sectional average of undrained shear strength. The selection of the most pessimistic section is achievable by simulating the undrained shear strength as a 3 D random field. Random finite element analysis results suggest that two-dimensional(2 D) plane strain analysis based the most pessimistic cross-section generally provides a more conservative result than the corresponding full 3 D analysis. The level of conservativeness is around 15% on average. This result may have engineering implications for slope design where computationally tractable 2 D analyses based on the procedure proposed in this study could ensure conservative results.

Slope Stability Evaluations by Limit Equilibrium and Finite Element Methods Applied to a Railway in the Moroccan Rif

Since 1930, the analysis of slope stability is done according to the limit equilibrium approach. Several methods were developed of which certain remain applicable because of their simplicity. However, major disadvantages of these methods are (1) they do not take into account the soil behavior and (2) the complex cases cannot be studied with precision. The use of the finite elements in calculations of stability has to overcome the weakness of the traditional methods. An analysis of stability was applied to a slope, of complex geometry, composed of alternating sandstone and marls using finite elements and limit equilibrium methods. The calculation of the safety factors did not note any significant difference between the two approaches. Various calculations carried out illustrate perfectly benefits that can be gained from modeling the behavior by the finite elements method. In the finite elements analysis, the shape of deformations localization in the slope is nearly circular and confirms the shape of the failure line which constitutes the basic assumption of the analytical methods. The integration of the constitutive laws of soils and the use of field’s results tests in finite elements models predict the failure mode, to better approach the real behavior of slope soil formations and to optimize its reinforcement.

Comparative Study of Slope Soils Analysis by Using Limit Equilibrium and Finite Element Methods

The slope soil analysis remains a corporate concern in construction activities. Because of its significance, the evaluation of slope soil stability has called widespread attention to several researchers all over the world. Many methods have been technologically advanced to evaluate the stability of slopes soils founded on distinct expectations and circumstances. Every method has specific benefits and limits. This work makes a comparison among safety factors and slip surfaces of slopes soils based on using Limit Equilibrium and Finite Element methods. Therefore, SLIDE 6.0 and PLAXIS 8.0 software were used for Limit Equilibrium and Finite Element methods, respectively. The computations of safety factors were performed for diverse shapes of slopes including different types of soils. Failure surfaces and values of safety factors obtained were compared for both methods used. It was noticed that the safety factors obtained from Limit Equilibrium methods were larger than of which is obtained by the finite element code. Moreover, an important change is noticed between the slip surfaces obtained by using both approaches.

Development of new endovascular stent-graft system for type B thoracic aortic dissection with finite element analysis and experimental verification

Endovascular repair of the thoracic aorta with self-expanding stent-grafts has been emerging as a less invasive alternative treatment compared with conventional open surgeries.Despite the promising efficacy and safety of endovascular stent grafting,the stent-graft failure remains a major concern in terms of stent migration,device fatigue,and the risk of endoleaks.Challenges associated with the stent-grafts involve optimized geometrical structure,lifetime fatigue resistance,and adequate radial support.In this work,a novel endovascular stent-graft system is developed specially for the treatment of Stanford type B thoracic aortic dissections(TAD).Numerical study with finite element analysis(FEA)was utilized to evaluate the mechanical behaviors of the individual stent component.Results of the simulation were validated by experimental tests.Based on the systematic analysis of the parametric variations,a final stent-graft system was developed by the selection and arrangement of the individual stent components,targeting an optimal performance for treatment of TAD.The optimized solution of the stent-graft system was tested in clinical trials,showing advantageous therapeutic efficacy.

New nitinol endovascular stent-graft system for abdominal aortic aneurysm with finite element analysis and experimental verification

Abdominal aortic aneurysm(AAA) is one of the most common and catastrophic manifestations of the acute aortic syndrome that can be treated with endovascular aneurysm repair(EVAR) which requires a specially designed stent-graft system.In this work, a self-expanding nickel–titanium(nitinol) stent-graft system is aiming at AAA using finite element analysis(FEA) methods to analyze both fatigue behaviors and radial forces.Based on the systematic analysis of the parametric variations, a final stent-graft system was developed by the selection and arrangement of the individual stent components, targeting an optimal performance for the treatment of AAA.Experimental tests, animal tests and clinical trials were carried out to confirm the results.Both animal trials and clinical trials showed comparable curative effects with Medtronic Endurant stent-graft(SG) systems.

Finite element analysis of slope stability by expanding the mobilized principal stress Mohr's circles-Development, encoding and validation

In recent years,finite element analysis is increasingly being proposed in slope stability problems as a competitive method to traditional limit equilibrium methods(LEMs)which are known for their inherent deficiencies.However,the application of finite element method(FEM)to slope stability as a strength reduction method(SRM)or as finite element limit analysis(FELA)is not always a success for the drawbacks that characterize both methods.To increase the performance of finite element analysis in this problem,a new approach is proposed in this paper.It consists in gradually expanding the mobilized stress Mohr’s circles until the soil failure occurs according to a prescribed non-convergence criterion.The present approach called stress deviator increasing method(SDIM)is considered rigorous for three main reasons.Firstly,it preserves the definition of the factor of safety(FOS)as the ratio of soil shear strength to the mobilized shear stress.Secondly,it maintains the progressive development of shear stress resulting from the increase in the principal stress deviator on the same plane,on which the shear strength takes place.Thirdly,by introducing the concept of equivalent stress loading,the resulting trial stresses are checked against the violation of the actual yield criterion formed with the real strength parameters rather than those reduced by a trial factor.The new numerical procedure was encoded in a Fortran computer code called S^(4)DINA and verified by several examples.Comparisons with other numerical methods such as the SRM,gravity increasing method(GIM)or even FELA by assessing both the FOS and contours of equivalent plastic strains showed promising results.

特大跨径拱桥系杆张拉优化技术分析

为提高威海石家河公园大桥这一特大跨径拱桥的结构稳定性,保障拱桥建筑施工质量,研究特大跨径拱桥系杆张拉优化技术分析。威海石家河公园大桥共采用34根吊杆,其中中拱14根吊杆,边拱20根吊杆,考虑系杆张拉顺序对质量的影响,设计2种张拉方案,方案1为先张拉两边吊杆、后张拉中间吊杆;方案2为先张拉中间吊杆、后张拉两边吊杆。采用有限元模拟2种张拉方案在施工时所产生的应力、位移变化,从而选取最佳方案。模拟分析可知:采用方案1张拉时主梁所承受应力更大,且主梁、中拱、边拱的位移明显较大,而采用方案2张拉时,可避免主梁出现严重失稳问题,还可保持较小的拱肋位移;同时方案2稳定安全系数较高,在成桥阶段方案2最大吊杆拉应力为433.0 MPa,处于1860钢绞线的安全承载范围内。可见采用先张拉中间吊杆、后张拉两边吊杆方式可有效实现系杆张拉优化。

在役边坡耐久性弱化及整体稳定性影响分析

针对在役边坡长期耐久性能弱化及对整体稳定性影响问题,首先依据混凝土结构耐久性原理,建立边坡支护结构耐久性弱化分析模型,结合室内耐久性加速试验进行验证分析,接着基于混合型非连续变形分析法(HDDA)扩展了锚杆单元连接不同位移模式块体的算法,利用该扩展型混合DDA法结合有限元法以分析耐久性弱化边坡稳定性问题,建立了总体计算基本框架。最后以浙江省某沿海公路边坡为案例进行分析,结果表明:在特定环境条件下边坡多型支护结构物在30~60 a内有锈胀开裂及断裂失效的可能性;假定锚杆不失效时边坡安全系数随年限增加存在一定降幅,而在考虑锚杆陆续失效时边坡安全系数降幅明显,需要提前采取加固措施。此外还表明混合型DDA法建模灵活、模拟结果合理,具有较好的应用价值。

考虑黏土非线性特性的锥尖系数小孔扩张计算方法

当前规范中根据静力触探结果解释黏土不排水剪切强度采用的是推荐的锥尖系数,但该系数存在经验性取值的问题,更重要的是当前锥尖系数均是基于理想弹塑性土体模型导得,未考虑土体应变应变的非线性特性。为此,首先在ABAQUS有限元软件中模拟了圆锥贯入过程,评估锥尖阻力qc,饱和黏土采用双曲线硬化弹塑性模型,并使用ALE重划分技术防止网格发生畸变。有限元结果表明:土体刚度、锥面粗糙度和破坏准则等因素均影响着锥尖系数。同时在有限元中模拟了不排水圆孔扩张过程,得到球孔扩张极限承载系数的表达式。随后建立了锥尖阻力与球孔极限扩孔压力之间的等效换算关系,最后对工程实例进行了计算分析。

某抽水蓄能电站地下厂房洞室群三维有限元稳定性分析

为了了解抽水蓄能电站地下厂房洞室群开挖支护后围岩的稳定性,以某抽水蓄能电站地下厂房洞室群为例,采用隐式弹粘塑性本构关系,建立三维有限元模型,对比分析地下洞室群毛洞工况、锚杆+锚索+衬砌联合支护工况及支护参数优化后围岩的变形、应力场分布及D-P点安全系数。结果表明:采用锚杆+锚索+衬砌联合支护的方式可以有效减小地下洞室群围岩的位移量,提高D-P点安全系数,使应力分布更为均匀,围岩的稳定性更好。锚杆长度在6m~8m范围变化及锚索预应力变化对围岩的变形、应力以及D-P点安全系数的影响不显著,但是对围岩局部有一定的影响,施工过程中应动态优化调整。

考虑SSI的滑坡区输电塔线体系安全性分析

为探究边坡变形对输电塔线体系安全性的影响规律,以位于滑坡体上的某输电塔线体系为研究对象,采用有限元数值计算方法,考虑塔线耦合作用、土-结构相互作用(SSI)以及边坡变形程度与方向的影响,建立了输电塔线体系整体有限元模型,探究了塔线体系受力特性对边坡变形的响应规律,提出了可用于评估滑坡区输电线路安全性的2个参数,即铁塔塔腿支座位移以及塔腿根开变化值。结果表明:在典型边坡变形作用下,上部塔线体系的失效以第一横隔面以及导线悬挂点附近主材、交叉斜材等杆件的屈服为标志;边坡变形角度对塔线体系失效特征的影响不大,但对其抗边坡变形能力的影响显著;总体来看,塔线体系承受一定倾角边坡变形的能力远小于承受水平地表变形的能力,其中大部分情况下只能承受水平地表变形工况下塔腿支座变形的70%~80%,拉伸变形工况下只能承受水平地表变形工况下塔腿支座变形的60%左右。研究结果对滑坡区输电铁塔的安全防治有指导意义。

坝体混凝土碳化影响下的拱坝工作性态研究

为研究坝体混凝土碳化作用下的拱坝工作性态,以某抽水蓄能电站下水库拱坝为例建立了三维有限元分析模型,并结合弹塑性理论、等效应力与强度折减法分析了碳化前后温升与温降工况下的拱坝应力与安全稳定性变化情况。结果表明,混凝土碳化对温降工况下坝体拉应力和压应力的影响程度均要大于温升工况,拉应力对碳化影响较为敏感,温降工况下拉应力增大约4.23%;碳化作用对温升工况下的拱坝-坝肩整体稳定性大于温降工况,温升工况下碳化后的安全系数约降低了2.41%。研究结果可为同类工程的安全运行提供参考。

高边坡稳定性分析及加固措施研究

为保证高边坡在建设过程中的安全性,文章分析了边坡稳定性计算方法,依托某高速公路K25+100断面高边坡,利用理正岩土软件计算了其在工况Ⅰ~工况Ⅲ下的安全系数。同时,分析了三维网植草和预应力锚索加固的应用特点,并计算了加固后的高边坡在不同锚固参数下的安全系数变化规律,研究成果可供类似高边坡工程设计借鉴。

降雨型土质边坡稳定性三因素图谱评价方法研究

降雨是边坡工程易发环境中一个重要的触发因素。以安溪县某边坡为例,采用有限元法和强度折减法相结合的方法,综合分析降雨强度、持续时间和边坡稳定性安全系数三因素之间的关系,建立三者之间的三维关系数据图谱。通过三维数据图谱,直观表达了降雨强度、持续时间和安全因素之间的复杂关系,为边坡稳定性分析提供了新的视角和理解。结果表明:降雨强度和持续时间,对边坡安全系数和边坡变形有显著影响。建立降雨强度和持续时间的多因子三维图谱,由安全系数划分出边坡在不同降雨工况下的评价等级,更直观地表达了数据之间的变化趋势和交互特征。

考虑地下连续墙接缝的深基坑RFD系统研究

刚性固定地下连续墙(rigid and fixed diaphragm wall,RFD)是一种新型的无支撑挡土墙系统,该系统需要隔板之间刚性连接。然而,在印度尼西亚,很少在连续墙隔板之间使用刚性连接。主要研究在考虑地下连续墙隔板接缝引起的各向异性因素的情况下,RFD系统对侧墙挠度和开挖稳定性的影响。首先通过位于雅加达中部的一个支撑开挖案例,验证了三维有限元模型的土体和结构参数。然后将RFD系统引入到三维模型中,通过改变几个参数进行了一些参数研究,以了解它们对安全系数和墙体挠度的影响。分析结果表明,RFD系统的实施有利于控制侧向变形。扶垛墙的长度和盖板的使用显著影响开挖变形和安全系数,而横墙和扶垛墙的深度影响较小。地下连续墙隔板接缝的存在使墙体各向异性,从而导致墙体刚度降低,进而导致墙体侧向变形的增加和开挖安全系数的降低。

考虑强度各向异性的黏土边坡稳定性分析及归一化设计方法

基于有限单元极限分析软件OptumG2,提出了一种考虑土体强度各向异性的边坡安全系数数值计算模型,并通过案例对比分析验证了模型的有效性.在此基础上,对不同类别黏土地层边坡稳定性进行了参数敏感性分析,并给出了相应的计算方法及设计图表.研究结果表明:采用归一化安全系数对边坡安全性进行分析时具有良好的归一化效果;各向异性地层中归一化安全系数Ns,h的修正系数β主要与土体抗剪强度比有关,采用幂函数能较好地拟合修正系数β与土体抗剪强度比的分布关系;吉布森地层中归一化安全系数Ns,g较均匀地层有所增长,其修正系数λ随着土体抗剪强度增长速率ρ的增大而不断增大,随着坡角α的增大逐渐减小,但当坡角α≥60°时,λ值趋于稳定.

连杆锻件变形有限元分析研究

连杆锻件在制造过程中,由于工艺条件等多种因素的影响,易发生变形,导致连杆的性能不稳定。因此,本文建立了连杆的有限元模型,该模型充分考虑了材料的非线性、结构的复杂性以及工作环境的动态性。通过精确的建模,可以更准确地模拟连杆在实际工作过程中的变形情况。通过分析,得到了连杆在各种工况下的变形情况,以及影响其变形的关键因素。为有限元分析在内燃机领域的应用提供了新的思路和方法。