茚虫威对玫瑰三节叶蜂叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量的影响

【背景】研究昆虫体色不仅在昆虫系统学中,而且在生物学、生态学和害虫防治等中都具有重要意义。有些取食植物叶片的幼虫体色表现为绿色,该绿色是由类胡萝卜素与蓝色四吡咯色素结合所形成,叶绿素又属于四吡咯化合物。但目前尚未见昆虫体内含叶绿素的报道。【方法】在田间套笼饲养玫瑰三节叶蜂幼虫,饲养至5和6龄时,借鉴植物叶绿素测定方法,分别测定其叶绿素含量,并在6龄时用杀虫剂茚虫威处理,观测对其叶绿素含量的影响。【结果】5和6龄玫瑰三节叶蜂幼虫均含有叶绿素,且5龄幼虫含量高于6龄幼虫。其中,5龄幼虫叶绿素a含量为1.6780 mg·g-1,叶绿素b为0.6847 mg·g-1,类胡萝卜素为0.4797 mg·g-1;6龄幼虫叶绿素a含量为1.2726 mg·g-1,叶绿素b为0.5187 mg·g-1,类胡萝卜素为0.4863 mg·g-1。剔除幼虫消化道后,5龄幼虫叶绿素a含量为0.4008 mg·g-1,叶绿素b为0.2618 mg·g-1,类胡萝卜素为0.2444 mg·g-1;6龄幼虫叶绿素a含量为0.4299 mg·g-1,叶绿素b为0.3826 mg·g-1,类胡萝卜素为0.2859 mg·g-1。用茚虫威处理后,6龄幼虫体内叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量(含消化道)显著下降,其中,叶绿素a下降约48%,叶绿素b下降约34%,类胡萝卜素下降约37%;而对于剔除消化系统的6龄幼虫,茚虫威处理后,其叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量下降幅度较小。【结论与意义】玫瑰三节叶蜂幼虫含有叶绿素和类胡萝卜素,杀虫剂能降低其叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量,且其体色可能与叶绿素有着密切的关系。

Models and measurements of seven years of evapotranspiration on a high elevation site on the Central Tibetan Plateau

Evapotrantaspiration is a crucial part of the hydrological cycle but few ground observatories for the Tibetan Plateau exist.In this study,we present lysimeter measurements from the growing season during seven years at a remote field location on the Tibetan Plateau.The measurements show rates between 2.5 and 3 mm·d-1 during the warmer months from June to August,dropping to 2 to 2.5 mm·d-1 in September.This results in a total volume of evapotranspiration of approximately 300 mm·yr-1 for the months from June to September.The inter-daily variability is however large,and comparison to meteorological variables suggest that this is largely driven by radiation and humidity.Data for a single season from a nearby flux tower allows us to compare the two common measurement methods for evapotranspiration in the field,showing an overall good agreement between the approaches.We also tested commonly applied models used to estimate evapotranspiration rates,namely the FAO-PenmanMonteith(PM) and the Priestly-Taylor(PT) model,which both make use of radiation data as well as the simpler Hargreaves-Samani(HS) and Rohwer(R)models which only need air temperature and wind speed as input.The most data intensive model(PM)has the lowest root mean square error(RMSE)(1.36 mm·d-1) and the mean bias error(MBE)(-0.05 mm·d-1) and reproduces the daily variability generally well.The much simpler HS model performs slightly worse(1.38 and 0.35 mm·d-1),but fails to reproduce the variability,due to its lack of information of local radiation and humidity data.Our results are in line with large scale estimates of evapotranspiration for the cold and arid region,provide a first long time series of in-situ measurements from a high elevation site and suggest that both the PM and HS models are appropriate when no direct measurements are available.

樟叶蜂的生物学特性及其综合防治

介绍了樟叶蜂的生物学特性,分析了影响其大发生的环境因子,并总结了综合防治方法。

蔷薇三节叶蜂的生物学研究

蔷薇三节叶蜂是山东荣成地区月季的重要食叶害虫。该虫一年发生4代，世代重叠；两性或孤雌生殖；以老熟幼虫越冬。翌年5月初出现成虫；5～10月幼虫危害，10月中旬末第4代幼虫入土结茧越冬结束。本文报告该蜂的生物学特性、天敌种类及其防治方法。

采用苦参碱防治樟叶蜂幼虫的效果分析

樟叶蜂是香樟树的主要食叶害虫,其幼虫取食香樟树嫩叶,危害香樟及幼苗。2014年在福建省沙县采用1.1%苦参碱粉剂22.5 kg/hm2喷粉和1%苦参碱可溶性液22.5 ml/hm2喷雾方式,在圃地田间和香樟行道树对樟叶蜂3龄幼虫进行防治试验。结果表明:药后2 d,2种药剂防治效果均可达90%以上,且二者之间无显著差异。说明这2种药剂均具有高效杀虫效果,可在樟叶蜂危害时应用。

樟叶蜂防治试验性研究

文章介绍了不同时期、使用不同病虫害防治药品对樟叶蜂进行试验的防治效果,并对其进行方差分析。结果表明对第1、2代樟叶蜂使用50%马拉硫磷乳油2000倍溶液,对第3代樟叶蜂使用生物防治药品白僵菌可以达到较好的防治效果。