Effects of process parameters on the depth-to-width ratio of flux-cored wire underwater wet welding

The effects of process parameters on the depth-to-width ratio （D/W） of flux-cored wire underwater wet welding with a certain type of homemade .flux-cored wire are studied. It is found that the welding .speed, wire feeding speed and torch oscillating amplitude hare significant effects on the dopth-to-width ratio （D/W） of welds. The D/W ratio of welds increases significantly with the increase of welding speed without the oscillating of welding torch. It increased （from 0. 14 to 0. 26 ） with the increase of wire feeding speed while the torch oscillating. And it decreased linearly with the increase of torch oscillating amplitude. However, the influelwe of oscillating speed, wire extension and welding voltage on the D/W ratio of welds was not obvious.

Droplet Transfer Behavior of Flux Cored Wire TIG Welding

This paper puts forward a new method to achieve flux cored wire TIG welding and uses high-speed photography to analyze the droplet transfer behavior and forces acting on the droplet. The droplet transfer forms include bridging transfer, slag column guided transfer, and non-contact transfer; each of these forms may be observed as the melting position of the welding wire changes. The important role of surface tension in the process of droplet transfer is proposed using static force balance theory and pinch instability theory. The phenomenon of droplet backward swing during welding process could be attributed to the vapor recoil force produced by vapors from the droplet. The welding experiments show that the proposed welding process is stable and that the weld quality produced is good.

STUDY ON METAL TRANSFER MODES OF SELF-SHIELDED FLUX-CORED WELDING WIRE

Metal transfer behavior of six kinds of self shielded flux cored wire(SSFCW) is studied using the apparatus of SSFCW high speed photography self made. Six kinds of metal transfer modes of SSFCW were obtained through observation for high speed photograph film and analysis. It is believed that the research is of magnificent for improving operative performance and mechanical properties of SSFCW and dynamics characteristic of welding power.

Investigation of the impact toughness of self- shielded flux- cored wire girth welds for X80 pipelines

Self-shielded flux-cored wire is a convenient and efficient consumable for pipeline field girth welding because of its self-protection characteristic and high deposition rate, especially for remote construction sites in rugged terrain. From the perspective of pipeline safety, the impact toughness of the girth welds is an important factor in pipeline integrity ,which determines the crack arrest behavior in the girth welds. Therefore, improving the girth weld impact toughness is of primary importance in the field of pipeline girth welding. Three self-shielded flux-cored wires comprising different chemical composition systems have been applied to large diameter X80 UOE （U-ing-O- ing-Expanding） pipeline semi-automatic girth welding,and the impact toughness of the welds has been evaluated by girth weld chemical composition analysis and microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersive spectrometry （EDS） to investigate pipeline girth weld impact toughness and find ways to improve it. This helps in determining the main factors that influence girth weld impact toughness. Pipeline girth weld impact toughness is mainly determined by the final microstructure produced in the solid-state phase transition. In the as-weld state,acicular ferrite （AF） and fine bainite （FB） are a benefit to the impact toughness. For multilayer semiautomatic self-shielded flux-cored wire welding, the normalizing and tempering function of the latter beads to the initial beads plays an important role in the transition of girth weld microstructure, which affects the impact toughness. The original AF and FB and the corresponding heat treatment microstructure of the fine and uniform block ferrite and pearlite result in very good impact toughness. The following two mechanisms are found to promote the production of AF and FB in the girth weld. First, elements promoting the broadening of the austenitic region, such as Ni, C, Cu, and Mn, induce low temperature phase transitions and restrain the opposing function of Al, which is a benefit to the production of AF and FB. Second, dispersed high-melting-point inclusions, especially Al2O3 ,induce the nucleated production of AF. The advantageous function of inclusions is determined by their shape, distribution, and dimension. Dispersed spherical inclusions of small dimension are a benefit to the production of AF, and result in good impact toughness.

Effect of oxygen-containing additives on weld penetration in self-shielded flux cored arc welding

The effect of Fe203 and Liz CO3 additives in flux core on the weld metal oxygen content and weld penetration in self-shielded flux cored arc welding were studied schematically. The result shows that the oxygen content in the weld metal and weld penetration both increased with the Fe203 addition increased in the range of 5 wt. % to 20 wt. %. The oxygen content in the weld metal was increased with the Li2CO3 addition increased in the range of 1 wt. % to 8 wt. %. However, the weld penetration decreased when Li2CO3 addition exceeding 4 wt. %. High-speed photographic images show that when Fe2O3 addition influx core exceeding 15 wt. %, droplet became excessively large, so that spatters were frequently generated in large numbers. In this study, Fe203 and Li2 CO3 in the amount of 11 wt. % and 4 wt. %, respectively, jointly added in the flux core can achieve a deeper weld penetration with sound usability characteristics.

Application of a sintered flux in UOE pipe manufacturing

Submerged arc welding is one of the main processes used in the manufacture of UOE welded pipes. It determines directly the quality of the pipes. In the submerged arc welding process, flux plays a very important role ;it not only affects the performance of the weld seam but also has a significant impact on the generation and prevention of weld defects. It is important to use a sintered flux for UOE pipe production. To meet the high-quality requirements on UOE welded pipes, the flux should be chosen such that it can resist high current and high speed, and help the weld achieve low H and O contents. At the same time, storage and management of a flux also require stringent monitoring. Domestic enterprises generally use sintered fluxes for the production of welded pipes.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of E36 steel joint welded by underwater wet welding

The microstructure and mechanical properties of E36 steel joint welded by underwater welding using flux-cored wire are comprehensively investigated. The welding depth, welding current and welding voltage is 4 m, 130 A and 32 V, respectively. The weld metal is ferrite which varies in size, with carbide particles distributed on it, while the microstructure of HAZ is mixture of martensite of different size and some tempered structure. The microhardness of the weld metal is 190 HV. Almost all the tensile specimens fracture in weld metal and the average tensile strength of joint is 390 MPa, which is equal to 80% that of base metal. The tensile fracture morphology of joint presents obviously the characterization of brittle fracture, which displays the features of cleavage fracture and intergranular fracture.

The review on Chinese welding consumables in the last decade

In this paper the situation of Chinese welding consumables production output, exported amount, quality and varieties in the last decade was reviewed. Meanwhile, the imported production facilities for covered electrodes, CO2 welding wires and flux cored wires were introduced. Also, the currently existing problems in welding consumables profession were discussed, and development trend in the future was predicted.

钛型气保护药芯焊丝工艺质量影响因素综述

综述了涉及钛型气保护药芯焊丝工艺质量的影响因素。结果表明,合理选用药芯添加物,严格控制熔敷金属中主要强化元素C、Mn、Si的含量,可以改善焊丝熔滴过渡形态,获得焊丝熔敷金属满意的力学性能。在Ar+CO_(2)二元混合保护气体中,随着CO_(2)含量增大,熔滴过渡形态从轴向变为非轴向滴状排斥过渡,接头的抗拉强度几乎没有影响,但熔敷金属的冲击吸收能明显下降。热输入较大时,焊丝工艺性变差;热输入居中时,焊丝工艺性较好。热输入对焊丝熔敷金属韧性的影响出现了对热输入敏感和不敏感两种情况。钛型气保护药芯焊丝工艺质量的三个影响因素控制原理各具特色。

TiC对亚共晶高铬铸铁堆焊合金组织及磨损性能的影响

农机触土部件在作业过程中会受到土壤中沙石、杂草、植物的秸秆、根茬及其他有机质物体的磨损和冲击,极易发生失效报废。为解决农机触土部件耐磨性差、使用寿命短等问题,采用药芯焊丝电弧焊的方法在Q235钢基体上进行堆焊,制备含TiC的亚共晶高铬铸铁堆焊耐磨层。通过金相显微镜、洛氏硬度计、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、MLS-225型湿式橡胶轮磨粒磨损试验机和自制叶轮-滚筒冲击磨损试验装置,分析原位合成TiC和粉芯中直接添加TiC两种方法对亚共晶高铬铸铁堆焊合金微观组织、硬度、抗磨粒磨损性能及抗冲击磨损性能的影响。结果表明:耐磨堆焊合金主要由γ-Fe、α-Fe、M_(7)C_(3)和TiC组成,TiC的加入细化了组织中的先析出奥氏体,使得堆焊层宏观硬度增加,磨粒磨损后共晶碳化物的开裂和剥落现象减少,冲击磨损表面材料的脱落减少,磨损失重降低。TiC可以显著提高堆焊合金的抗磨粒磨损性能和抗冲击磨损性能,其中原位合成方式添加TiC的堆焊层性能更加优异,可为TiC在农机触土部件耐磨涂层中的研究和应用提供参考。

等离子熔覆硼化物覆层的耐蚀性

采用等离子熔覆技术将自制的Mo-Fe-B-Cr药芯焊丝熔覆在316L不锈钢表面制备了硼化物覆层,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和显微硬度计对硼化物覆层的组织、成分、物相和显微硬度进行分析,并通过电化学试验和中性盐雾试验对覆层的耐蚀性进行研究。结果表明:硼化物覆层主要由MO_(2)FeB_(2)、(Mo,Fe,Cr)3B_(2)、α-Fe和Fe_(23)(C,B)6组成,其显微硬度约为不锈钢基体的3.9倍;在中性环境中硼化物覆层的耐蚀性略低于316L不锈钢,而在酸性环境中硼化物覆层的耐蚀性要优于316L不锈钢;在中性盐雾腐蚀过程中,硼化物覆层表面会生成致密性良好的钝化膜,从而使覆层具备良好的耐蚀性。因此,硼化物覆层在拥有高硬度的同时还兼具良好的耐蚀性。

高强钢焊接接头优化方法研究现状

高强钢以出色的力学性能在焊接结构的应用量急剧增加,其焊接接头性能已逐步成为研究焦点。为了解决高强钢焊接易出现冷裂纹、热影响区软化脆化、低温冲击韧度不高等问题,获得高强钢焊接接头优良强韧匹配。在使用熔化极气体保护焊接工艺的基础上采用不同的高强钢焊接接头优化方法,对严格控制热输入、焊前预热并控制热输入和研发并采用药芯焊丝这3种焊接接头优化方法进行分析总结,对3种优化方法下的焊接接头微观组织及力学性能进行分析,发现通过这3种接头优化方法可避免焊接接头产生裂纹、获得良好的韧性组织和力学性能优良的焊接接头。

药芯焊丝填充稳定性影响因素分析

以JL-YJQ5011药芯焊丝为例,对药芯焊丝填充稳定性影响因素进行分析。结果表明,药粉中金红石60目通过率100%,200目通过率≤15%,锰硅合金60目通过率100%,200目通过率≤40%,还原钛铁60目通过率100%,200目通过率≤20%,锆英砂80目通过率100%时,药粉的填充稳定性最好;金红石烘干到900℃左右,还原钛铁烘干到300℃左右,锰硅合金烘干到400℃左右,锆英砂烘干到800℃左右时,药粉的流动性最好;采用4连辊模拉拔,成90°交叉布置,4道次药粉受力方向成90°,双向变形,可以改善药粉流动性,解决药粉填充稳定性问题。

实-药芯多丝电弧复合焊中药芯焊丝位置对焊接稳定性的影响

为了实现高强钢的优质高效焊接,提出了一种全新的Q960E高强钢的高效焊接工艺,即实-药芯多丝电弧复合焊工艺,该工艺通过一把集成式三丝焊枪实现两根实心焊丝复合一根药芯焊丝,既可以利用药芯焊丝实现焊接接头力学性能的优化,又可以利用3根焊丝实现高效焊接。其中药芯焊丝可以从两实心焊丝的正前方、正后方及侧面送入,通过对比分析焊接过程、焊道成形得出最佳药芯焊丝作用位置,并对最佳药芯焊丝作用位置下焊接接头的组织和显微硬度展开分析。结果表明:当药芯焊丝从正后方或侧面送入时,其中一根实心焊丝易与熔池接触发生短路过渡,前者会导致焊道宽窄不一,后者会导致焊道明显偏向药芯焊丝送入一侧。当药芯焊丝从正前方送入时,药芯焊丝呈一脉多滴过渡,且两实心焊丝均为一脉一滴过渡,此时焊接过程稳定,焊后焊道成形较好,焊道横截面形貌呈“双峰”状,是最佳的药芯焊丝送入位置。此外,当药芯焊丝从正前方送入时,焊缝区组织主要为细小的针状铁素体,粗晶区组织主要为粗大的板条马氏体和少量粒状贝氏体,细晶区组织主要为细小的马氏体,不完全淬火区组织主要为回火马氏体。此外,热影响区同时出现了软化和硬化现象,近不完全淬火区的母材硬度最低,仅为296 HV,完全淬火区硬度最高,达到396 HV,母材和焊缝区的硬度在320~340 HV之间。

ESP热轧钢带在药芯焊丝生产中的应用

为响应降本提质的生产要求,对比热轧钢带与冷轧钢带在药芯焊丝的生产效率、表面质量、填充率稳定性、焊丝力学性能等方面,并针对热轧钢带在生产时需要注意的几个重要工艺问题以及成品焊丝的能用性等问题进行了探究。发现通过降低热轧钢带塑性,增加其拉拔韧性,采用钢带延伸率为36%~40%,能够使ESP热轧钢带稳定地用于药芯焊丝E71T-1的生产。

两种类型焊丝在桥梁角焊缝中的应用试验及工效分析

桥梁制造大量采用实芯焊丝焊接,与船厂习惯采用药芯焊丝不同,针对公司承接的桥梁单元制作工程,本文使用CO_(2)角焊小车,采用相同直径的实芯焊丝和药芯焊丝在不同的焊接参数、不同的焊接工件角度、不同的焊接工件坡口的工况下进行应用对比试验。通过焊接试验两种焊材的适用焊接参数、焊缝成型、焊接效率等数据,对比分析两种焊材焊接的应用差异和工效差异,并将结论应用于产品建造。

镍铜合金FCAW-G堆焊工艺研究

采用药芯焊丝气体保护焊(FCAW-G)对Q345R钢试板进行了镍铜合金N04400堆焊工艺评定,依照NB/T47014—2011《承压设备焊接工艺评定》要求对堆焊层的弯曲、化学成分及金相组织进行了检测。试验结果表明:采用80%Ar+20%CO_(2)混合保护气体,选用型号为ENiCu7T0-4的药芯焊丝进行过渡层及耐蚀层的堆焊,可以获得性能优良的耐蚀层,其化学成分满足标准要求,为镍铜合金实现高效堆焊提供了一种新的工艺参考。

自保护药芯焊丝管道全位置自动焊接工艺研究

针对目前城市管道建设中广泛存在的传统手工焊和半自动焊接工艺所导致的焊接质量不稳定等问题,设计了一种自保护药芯焊丝管道全位置自动焊接工艺。采用氩弧自动焊根焊+自保护药芯焊丝自动焊填充及盖面焊的焊接方法,选用22°U形坡口及Φ1.6 mm JC-29Ni1焊丝。结果表明,焊接接头力学性能能够达到标准要求。该工艺能够为城市管道全位置自动焊提供参考。

国产高强级焊接材料在船舶领域的研究与应用

为了保证疫情期间的生产率及生产质量,首次将国产品牌京群药芯焊丝引入到船舶领域。以Q690ME钢为母材,京群GFR-110K3药芯焊丝为焊接材料,采用药芯焊丝气体保护焊方法对厚板母材进行了X形坡口焊接工艺试验研究,以各项力学性能,如拉伸试验、弯曲试验、冲击试验、宏观试验及硬度试验结果为依据,不仅对后续现场施工提供了较强的技术支持,更证明了该种国产焊丝在690级钢材上的可焊接性与可推广性。

超低碳钢冷轧卷“头部黑线”缺陷分析与控制

针对超低碳冷轧连退卷带头20~30 m内频繁出现黑线缺陷,导致了批量不合格品产生而影响订单交期的问题,采用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等检测分析手段对缺陷进行了分析,并进行了铸坯端面预制缺陷轧制中间坯的工业试验验证,锁定了缺陷产生的原因。结果表明,“头部黑线”缺陷与保护渣卷渣类、氧化铝夹杂类和气泡类缺陷形貌区别明显,与基体无连接,呈分开状态,主要由Fe、Al元素组成,判断此缺陷为外来异物。通过全流程追溯,发现热轧成材率攻关后,超低碳钢中间坯切头量有所减少,无法将喷号焊丝全部切除,铸坯打号机的喷号焊丝压入导致该类“黑线缺陷”的产生。基于此,将超低碳钢热轧中间坯切割量控制在300mm,喷号机的压空压力使用标准调整为4 bar,冷轧卷头部黑线缺陷问题得到了有效改善,超低碳钢表面质量合格率提高了4.03%。